# ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ.

 ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

 ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

| ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ |
| --- |
|  |
| ⵓⵎⵍⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏⵏ |
| ⵉⵙⵎ ⵓⴷⵎⴰⵡⴰⵏ | ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ  |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | ⵇⵉⵕⵡⴰⵏ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ | 800 |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | ⴼⴰⵙ  |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ | 1 ⵉⵏⵏⴰⵢⵔ 0880  |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵣⴷⵓⵖⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ | Abbasid Caliphate  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵉ | Abbasid Caliphate  |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ |
| ⴰⵙⴳⴷ | ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⵏⵜ | ⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ  |
| ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵓⵍⵜ | patron of the arts, donor  |
| ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ | University of al-Qarawiyyin  |
| ⴰⵙⵍⵎⴷ |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵜⵢ ⵜⴰⵢⵎⵎⴰⵜ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ  |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ  |
|  |
| ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ |

ⵜⴳⴰ **ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ** ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 859 ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵢⴷ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 800 ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ, ⵜⵎⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 878 ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ.

ⵜⴳⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵖⵏⴰⵙ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵄⵓⵇⴱⴰ ⴷ ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵏⴰⴼⵄ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉ ⵍⵇⵕⵛⵉ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⵏⴼⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ ⵉⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵎⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵉⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ. ⵜⵎⵎⵓⴷⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵉⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴰⵡⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵍⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵢⴰ (ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰ) ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴷⵉⴽⵙ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵓⴷⴷⵓⵔ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ,ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵉⵙⵓⴳⴰⵎ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵥⵉ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵍⵇⵕⵛⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⵍⵓⵍ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹ ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵉⵔⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ  ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ,ⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⴰⵙⴻⵙⵙⴰⵖ "ⴰⴼⵔⵉⵇⵉⵢⵢⴰ" ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵍⴰⵀ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵜⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵎⵓⵥⵥⵓⵔ ⵏⵜⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵓⵍⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵙⵙⴰ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⴹⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵉⵡⵍ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵉⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵢⴷⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ,ⵉⵟⵟⴰⴼ ⵛⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵍ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵓⵔ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵏ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴰⵙ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵜ ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⴽⴽⵯⵓⵙⴰ ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵍⴰ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵔⵢⴰⵎ ⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵙⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ,ⵉⵜⵜⵓⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴷⴰⴷ ⵅⴼ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴱⴰⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵀⴰ ⴽⵓⵙⵓⵏⵜ ⵙⴳ ⴷⵉⴽⵙ ⴳ ⴷⴷⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵊⵊⵓⵡⵏⵏⵜ ,ⵜⵓⵖⴰⵜ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⴹⴰⴱⴹⴹⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⵢⴷⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏⵜ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵔⵉⵟⵟⴼⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵓ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ ⴰⵢⵏⵏⴰ ⴰⵅⴼⴰⵙ ⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵔⵡⴰ,ⵜⵇⵓⵎⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵡⴰⵍⵍⵓⵖⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴽⴰⵢⵜ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵙⴽⵙⵏⵜ ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⴷ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵅⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⵔⴽⵉⴷ , ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴼⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵉⵙ ⵜⵏⵢⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵜⵓⵖⵓⵍ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵡⴰⵏⵜ ⵡⴰⵢⵏⵏⵉ ⵜⵙⵅⴰⵜⵔⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵙ ⵉⴽⵓⵍⵍⵓ ⵡⴰⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⴰⵍ ⴷⵉⴽⵙ,ⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵙⵜ ⵢⵓⴷⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵖ ⵉⴳⵔ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵏⵙ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⵅⵉⵜⵔ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ,ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 245 ⴷⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⵜⵙⵎⵎⴰⵢⴰⵙ  ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵖⵣⴷⵉⵙ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⴰ ⵓⵍⵍⵜⵎⴰⵙ ⵎⴰⵔⵢⴰⵎ  ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⵙ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ , ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵡⵓⵏⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ,ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ.

## ⵜⵉⵙⴽⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ

ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⵏⵓ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵢⵢⵓⵔ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 858 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⵜⵏⴽⴹ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔⵜⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⴰⵡⴷ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⴰ ⵎⴽⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵅⴼ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ (ⴰⵛⴰⵍ) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵢⵉⴷⴰ ⵢⴰⴷ ⵅⵙ ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵖⴰ ⵙⵓⵢⴷⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙⴳ ⵖⵓⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴰⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙ  ⵜⵡⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵡⴰⵔⴰ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵏⴰⵡⵓⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵣⵉⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴷⴷⴰⵡ ⵡⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴼⵏ ⴰⵎⵍⵍⴰⵍ ,ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵥⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵥⵕⵓ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵎⵔⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ,ⵎⵛⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⴳ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵔ ⴰⴷ ⵖⵣⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷⴰⴼⴳⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵏ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵎⴰⴷ ⵙⵡⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵎⵛⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵏⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵜⵜⵓⵏⵓⵙⵉ ⵃⴰⵙⴰⵏ ⵃⵓⵙⵏⵉ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵡⴰⵀⵀⴰⴱ ⴳ ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ (ⵛⴰⵀⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵙⵉⴱⵢⴰⵜ ) ⵏⵖⴷ ⴷⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵎⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⴷⴰ ⵙⴽⵓⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⵢⵉⴷⴰ ⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎ ⴷⵎⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵙⴳ 245 ⴰⵔ 263 ⴹⴰⵔⵜ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ,ⴷⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵅⴼ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵣⵖⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ.ⴳ ⵍⴱⴰⴱⵉⵏ ⴱⴰ ⴰⵔⵉⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉ ⵓⵏⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵀⴰⴷⵉ ⵜⵜⴰⵣⵉ ⴳ ⵜⴱⵔⴰⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵓⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔⴰ "ⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ" ⵡⴰⴷⴷⴰ ⵢⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵏⴰⴹ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵉⴳⴰⵜ  ⵍⵄⴰⵀⵉⵍ ⵍⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉ ⵢⴰⵃⵢⴰ ⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓ,ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵊⵊⵓⴱⴱⵔⵏ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⵉⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵜⵓⵥⵓⵎ ⴰⵍⵍⵉⴳ ⵜⴼⵓⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵍⴱⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⴹⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵏⵎⵎⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵛⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⵙⴰⴱⴰⴱ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴹⵕⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵏⵎⵖⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵜⵉⵢ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵟⵟⵓⵟ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵇⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⴳⴰⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴱⵅⴰⵍⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴱⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵉⵎⵛⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵙ ⵏ ⵅⴰⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵓⵔ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⴰ ,ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵓⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵍⴱⴰⵔⴱⴰⵔ" ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴱⵀ ⵍⵄⴰⵣⴰⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⴹⴰⵔⴰⵙ ⴰⵢⴷⴷⵖ ⵙ ⵍⴼⴹⵍ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵔⴰ ⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵖⴷⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ṣṣⴰⵍⵉⵃⵉⵏ ⵙⴱⵃⴰⵏⴽ ⵢⴰ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ  ⵢⴰ ⵍⵄⴰⴹⵉⵎ ⵉⴳ ⵉⵔⴰ ⵉⵍⵓⵎⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵔⵔⴰⵇⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵍⵍⴰⵍ ⵉⵡⴷⴷⵏⴰⵙ ⵙⵓⴼⵔⴰⵃ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵢ ⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵔⴳⵣⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵜⵎⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵄⵓⵔⵔⵎⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵢ ⴷⵉⴽⵙⵏ ⴰⴼⵔⴰⵢ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵜⵉⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵖⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴳ ⴷⴷⵓⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵍⵉⵅⵔⵜ,ⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵖⵉⴼ ⵎⴰⵢⴷ ⵉⵃⴹⵓⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵉⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵄ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⵖⴰⵔ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵍⵎⵓⵏⵜⴰṢⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵔⴱⴱⵉ ⵍⴽⵜⵜⴰⵏⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴼⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⵓⵥⵥⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⴰⴷⴰⵔⵉⵙⴰ,ⵉⵎⵛⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵃⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵏⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵙⵙⵓⵙⵄⵏ ⵍⴱⵉⵏⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴷⵉ ⵉⵇⴰⵔⵉⴹⵏ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⵜⵜⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵣⴰⵢⴷⵏ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵏⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵥⵥⴰⵏⵏⴰⵜⵉⵢⴰ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵃⵎⴰⴷ ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⴰⴱⵉ ⴱⴰⴽⵔ ⵣⵉ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 345 ⵣⴰⵢⴷⵏ ⴷⵉⴽⵙ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵡⵓⵏⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵓⵔⴰⴱⵉⵟⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵄⴰⵍⵉ ⵎⴻⵎⵎⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡ ⵏ  ⵜⴰⵛⴰⴼⵉⵏ ⴷ

ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴷ ⵡⵉⴷⴷ, ⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵖ ⵜⴰⵄⴰⵍⴰⵡⵉⵜ".

ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵍⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ, ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⵓⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵢⴰⵥ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴷⴷⵓⴽⵜⵓⵔ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵍⵀⴰⴷⵉ ⵜⴰⵣⵣⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⵊⴰⵎⵄ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ: ⵜⴰⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ".

ⵢⵉⵏⵉ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⴰⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵔⵄⵉⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴽⴰⴼ ⵢⴰⴽⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵢⵓⵎⵣ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵉⵣⵍⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵥⵕⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵔⵄⵉⵢⵏ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵓⴽⴰⴼ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵔⵄⵉⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵇⵓⴷⵙ, ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵉⵏⵓⵔⴰ.

## ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ

ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵕⵄⵉⵏ, ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴷⴰⵍⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴳ ⵜⵜⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉⵜ. ⵙ ⵎⴰⵏⴰⵢⴰ, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⵇⵇⴰⵔⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⴷⴱⴰ ⴷ ⴱⴰⴳⴷⴰⴷ.

ⵙⴰⵡⵍⵏ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵓⵔⵄⵉⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⴰⴷⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ 877, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽⵍⴰ ⵏ "ⴳⵉⵏⵉⵙ" ⵏ ⵜⵏⵎⵎⴰⵔ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⵔ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵀⵉⵊⵔⵉ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 11 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ, ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵕⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴷ ⵜⴱⵓⵖⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵔⵉⵏⵉⵢⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴼⴰⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⴳ ⵡⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵕⵕⴰⴽⵛ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵖⵔⴰⴱⵉⵢⵏ.

ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⴽⵎ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⵎⴰⵍ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴷⵓⵙⵏⵜ ⵙ ⵜⵉⵖⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴳ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵖⵓⵍⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵍⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵡⴰⵏ, ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ.

ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵔⵙⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ, ⵖⵉⴽ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ "ⴳⵉⵏⵉⵙ" ⵏ ⵡⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ, ⴰⵢⴰ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵜⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 11 ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏⵜ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴹⴼⴰⵕⵏ.

ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵔⴳⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵊⵔⴰⴼⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵎⴳⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵉⵎⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⵔⴰⴼⵜ, ⵜⵇⵇⴰⵎⴰ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵙⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ ⴷ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵜⴳ ⴰⵡⴷ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵏⴳⵉⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵍⵎⴷ, ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⴳ ⵜⵙⵔⵜⵉⵜ, ⴳ ⵜⵙⴳⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ, ⴳ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵜ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴽⵛⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⴰⵇⵇⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵙⵍⴰⵎⵜ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⴰⴽⴽⵡ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴳⵎⴹⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⵜⴰⵎⴰ ⵏ ⵖⵉⴽⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⵜⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵔ ⵓⵥⵓⵕ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ, ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴷ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⴷ ⵓⵃⵟⵟⵓ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵍⵉⵙⵍⴰⵎ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵖⵔⵉⴱ.

## ⵉⵡⵔⵉⴽⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⴽⵔⵏ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ

ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⴰⵥⵓⵕⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⴰⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵄⵕⴰⴱⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵕⵓⴱⴱⴰ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⴳⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵣⵔⴼⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵥⵕⵉⴳⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ, ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ ⵛⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ

ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵕⴰⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵍⵎⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵕⵄⵉⵏ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⵄⴱⴷ ⵕⵕⵃⵎⴰⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵅⵍⴷⵓⵏ, ⴰⵎⵙⴽⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵍⵙⴰⴼ ⴰⴱⵓ ⵓⵍⴰⵡⵉⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵔⵔⵛⴷ, ⴷ ⴰⴱⵓ ⴱⴽⵔ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴷ ⴱⵏ ⵢⴰⵃⵢⴰ ⴱⵏ ⵙⴰⵢⴳ ⴱⵏ ⴱⴰⵊⴰ, ⵉⵜⵜⵡⴰⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ "ⴱⵏ ⴱⴰⵊⴰ", ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵕⴰⵏⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵙⵏⵉⵊⵊⵉ ⴰⵏⴷⴰⵍⵙⵉ ⵎⵓⵙⴰ ⴱⵏ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ, ⴷ ⵎⵓⵃⵎⵎⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⵢⵉ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉ, ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵍⵎⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵕⴰⵏⵏ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⴰⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵏ ⴱⵏ ⵍⵎⵕⴰⴽⵛⵉ, ⴷ ⵓⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰⴽⵜ ⴷ

ⵙⴳ ⵜⵖⴰⵡⵙⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵙ ⴷ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷⴰ ⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵡⵉⵏⵏⴰ ⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵙⵏ ⵉⵍⵎⴷ ⵙ ⵜⵥⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵓⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵉⵜⵜⴷⴷⵓ ⵙ ⵓⴷⴼⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵖⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵣⴳⵉⴷⴰ ⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⴱⴰⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵏⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ.

ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵍⵎⴰⴷⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ, ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴼⴼⵉⵇⵉ ⵍⵎⴰⵍⴽⵉ ⴰⴱⵓ ⵄⵎⵕⴰⵏ ⵍⴼⴰⵙⵉ, ⴱⵏ ⵄⵕⴰⴱⵉ, ⴱⵏ ⵕⴰⵛⵉⴷ ⵙⴱⵜⵉ, ⴱⵏ ⵍⵃⴰⵊ ⵍⴼⴰⵙⵉ, ⴱⵏ ⵎⵉⵎⵓⵏ ⵍⴳⵎⵔⵉ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⵛⵔⵉⴼ ⵉⴷⵔⵉⵙⵉ, ⴷ ⵉⵙⵖⵣⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⴱⵏ ⵥⵓⵀⵕ, ⴷ ⵎⴰⵙⵙ ⴱⵏ ⴰⵊⵔⵓⵎ ⵙⵙⵏⴰⵊⵉ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵢⵓⵔⴰ ⵓⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵏⵏⵙ "ⴰⵍ ⴰⵊⵔⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⴰ", ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵖⵉⵍⵜ.

ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵖⵔⵎⴰⵏ.. ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵇⴰⵔⴰⵡⵢⵢⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵡⴰⵙⵏ ⵜⵉⴼⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⵙⵍⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵔⵙ ⵏ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴳⵔ ⵜⵏⴰⴼⵓⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⵔⵉⵏⵢⴰ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵟⴰⵏ ⴰⴱⵓ ⵄⵏⴰⵏ ⵍⵎⵔⵉⵏⵉ, ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵇⴱⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵣⵣⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴼⵙⵔ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵜⵜⴳ.

ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴰⵔ, ⵜⵔⵏⵓ ⵖⵉⴼⵙ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⵟⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵓⵏⵉ ⴰⴱⵓ ⵢⴰⵄⵇⵓⴱ ⵢⵓⵙⴼ ⴱⵏ ⵄⴱⴷⵍⵎⵓⵎⵏ, ⴷ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⴳⵉⵙ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ 4 ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵍⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵙⴷⵍⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵎⵙⵍⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵉⵅⴰⵜⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵢⴰⵏⴰⵡⵏ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴹⵕⵉⵚⵏ ⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵍⵇⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵕⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⵉⴹ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵉⵣⵔⵉⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵜⵥⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ.

## ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ

ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴽⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵖⵎⵉⵙⵏ ⵅⴼ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵏ ⵙⵓⵍ ⵓⵔ ⵙⵙⵏⵏ ⵎⵏⵏⴰⵡ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴷⵉⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵓⵔⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵓⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵓⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵏⵏⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⵎⵎⵓⵜ ⴼⴰⵟⵉⵎⴰ ⵍⴼⵉⵀⵔⵉⵢⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 878 ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵄⵉⵙⴰ.

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ