# ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵢⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

| ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ |
| --- |
| 대한민국 (ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ) 大韓民國 (ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ)  |
| ⴰⵛⵏⵢⴰⵍ ⵜⴰⵡⵎⵔⵉⴳⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ: Imagine your Korea ⵉⵣⵍⵉ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ: Aegukga   |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ  ﻿ / ﻿ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵓⴳⵓⵔⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ | ⵙⵢⵓⵍ  |
| ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵉⵏ | ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ, Korean Sign Language  |
| ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⴳ | ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ   (31)* ⵜⵉⵎⵜⵜⴰ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ
* Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
* WTO
* G20
* APEC
* International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
* International Development Association
* International Finance Corporation
* Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
* International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes
* African Development Bank
* United Nations–African Union Hybrid Operation in Darfur
* ASEAN Regional Forum
* Asian Development Bank
* Australia Group
* Missile Technology Control Regime
* ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵓⵍⵜⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵖⵍⴰⵏⵜ
* Nuclear Suppliers Group
* Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
* International Hydrographic Organization
* International Energy Agency
* ⵢⵓⵏⵉⵙⴽⵓ
* Group on Earth Observations
* Universal Postal Union
* Visa Waiver Program
* International Civil Defence Organisation
* World Meteorological Organization
* WHO
* Antarctic Treaty System
* World Customs Organization
* Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons

 |
| ⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹ |
| ⴰⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ | Lee Jae Myung  |
| ⵜⴰⵍⵖⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴰⴹ | republic, presidential system  |
| ⵜⴰⵔⵙⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵖⴼ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ | President of South Korea  |
| ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ |
| ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ | Lee Jae Myung  |
| ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵣⴳⴰⵔⵜ | Government of South Korea  |
| ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⵣⵔⴰⴼⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰⵜ | Supreme Court of Korea, Constitutional Court of Korea  |
| ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵣⵔⴼⴰⵏⵜ | National Assembly  |
| ⴰⵏⴳⵎⴰⵎ ⵓⵣⵔⵉⴼ | National Assembly  |
| ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ |
| ⴰⵙⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ | 1948  |
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵊⵓⵎⵎⴰ |  100 295 ⴽⵎ²  |
| ⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ | ⵜⴰⵣⵉⵜ  |
| ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ ⴰⴽⴷ | ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⴰⴼⴰⵏⵜ, ⵛⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ, ⵏⵉⴱⵓⵏ  |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ | Hallasan  |
| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴰⴷⴷⴰⵡ | Sea of Japan  |
| ⵉⵏⵉⴳⵍ ⴰⵊⵢⵓⴳⵕⴰⴼⵉ | 1835841  |
| ⵜⴰⵔⴰⵖⵔⴼⵜ |
| ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ | ▲ 51 628 117 (2022) ⵙ ⵓⵔⵉⵙ* ⵉⵡⵜⵎⴰⵏ: 25 850 044 (2021)
* ⵜⵉⵡⵜⵎⵉⵏ: 25 888 027 (2021)
 |
| ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴷⵉⵏⵉⵏ | 42 019 781 (2021)  |
| ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴼⴰⵔⴰ | 9 718 290 (2021)  |
| ⵜⴰⵏⵥⵥⵉ | 514,76 ⵣⴷⵖ/ⴽⵎ²  |
| ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵜⴰⵢ | 83 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ (2022)  |
| ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵓⵍⴳⵉⵏ | 19 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉⵎⴰⵏ | 21,2 (2019)  |
| ⴰⴼⴰⵔⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵢ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⵢ |
| ⴰⵙⵏⵉⵎⴰⵍ  | 2022 |
| ⴰⵖⵔⵓⴷ | ▲ 1,67 ⵜⵔⵉⵍⵢⵓⵏ $  |
| ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ |
| ⴰⴷⵔⵉⵎ | won, Korean mun  |
| ⴰⵡⵜⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵜ | 60 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ  |
| ⴰⴱⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ | Bank of Joseon, Bank of Korea  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵛⴽⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵍⴳⴰⵏⵜ (VAT) | 10%  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴼⵍⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⴳⴰⵏⵜ |
| ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ | ▲ 0,925 (2021)  |
| ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵜⵏⵓⴷⴰⴼ | 58 008 000 (2022)  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵉⵏⵉ |
| ⴰⵏⵎⵎⴰⵍ | ▼ 31,4 (2016)  |
| ⵜⵉⵏⴳⴰⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ |
| ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ | +82  |
| ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵜⵉⵍⵉⴼⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵥⵡⴰⵢⵜ | 112, 119, 113  |
| ⵜⴰⵏⴳⴰⵍⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ | KR  |
| ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⵉⴽⵓⴷ | 🇰🇷  |
| ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏⴻⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⵙⵙⵏ ⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏ | 440, 441  |
| ⴰⴳⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵏⵜⵉⵔⵏⵉⵜ | .kr, .한국  |
| ⵉⵙⴼⴽⴰ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ |
| ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴷⴰⵀ | ⴰⴼⴰⵙⵉ  |
| ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵡⴰⴷⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵍⴰⵡⴰⵢ | ⴰⵥⵍⵎⴰⴹ  |
| ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵉⴱ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ | www.korea.go.kr/main  |
| ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⴹ ⴰⴽⵓⴷⴰⵏ | ⵜⴰⵍⴳⴰⵎⵜ   (5)* Korea Standard Time
* UTC+09:00
* Asia/Seoul
* UTC+08:00
* UTC+08:30

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| ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⴰⴽⴰⵍ |
|  |
|  |
| ⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⴰⵙⴰⴳⵎ - ⵙⵏⴼⵍ - ⵡⵉⴽⵉⴷⴰⵜⴰ |

**ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ** (ⵙ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ: 대한민국) ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ **ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ**, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴷⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡ ⴰⵙⵢⴰⵡⵉ. ⴰⴽⴰⵍ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵢⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⴰⵏⵣⵓⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ.

ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ, ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵙⵡⵓⵜⵜⵓ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ; ⵉⴽⴽ ⴳⵔⴰⵜⵙⵏⵜ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⵏⴽⴽⵙⴰⴷⴼⵔⵉⵔ (DMZ). ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵉⵇⵇⵏ ⵜⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵍⵍ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵙⴳⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵎⵜ ⵢⵓⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵍⵍ ⴰⵡⵔⴰⵖ. ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵣⴷⵖⵏ ⴳⵉⵙ 51,96 ⵉⴷ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ ⴰⵣⴳⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵉⵣⴷⵖ ⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ **ⵙⵓⵡⵓⵍ**.

## ⵜⴰⵜⵉⵎⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵜ

*ⵜⴰⴽⴰⵕⴹⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (37ⴹⵜ ⴰⵔ 668ⵎⵜ) ⴰⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵇⵇⵕ ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ , ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴰⵡⴽ ⵎⵓ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵉⵙⵎⴷ ⵉ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ ⴰⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⵏ ⴳⵓ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴰⵇⵇⴱⵓⵔ*
ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵏⵖⴷⴷ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴽⴽⴰⵏ ⴱⵕⵕⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴳⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵕ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⴽⴽⵙⵓⵏⵉⵎ ⵎⴰⵛⵛ ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵓⵔ ⵉⴳⵉ ⴰⴱⵕⵕⴰⵏ ⵢⵓⵛⴽⴰⴷ ⵖ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴳⵣⵣⵓⵍ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴼⴽⴰ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ (ⴳⵔ 37ⴷⵜ - 668ⵎⵜ) ⵉ ⵉⵅⴼ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⵢⵓⵙⵉ ⵜ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏⵏⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵏⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵙ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴽⴽⴰⵙⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵉⵢⵓ" ⵖ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵎⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵎⵏⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵓⴽⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵡⵏⴰⴽ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵉⵔⴼⴼⴰⴽⵏ ⵉⴼⴰⵔⵉⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵡⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ ⵢⴰⴷⵍⵍⵉ ⵜⵜⴽⴽⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⵙ ⵣⵏⵓⴷ "ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ". ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉ ⵏⵓⴹⴰ ⵙ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵔⵜⵇⵇⵉⵣ ⵊⵡⴰⵡ ⵠⴰⵣ ⴷⵓⵔⴰⴷⵓ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⴰⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1568 ⵎⵜ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⵔ ⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵏⵔⴰⵢ" Conrai , ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴽⴰⵕⴹⵉⵡⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⵙⵉⵔⴰ ⴰⵍⴱⵉⵏⴰⵣ ⵜⵉⴷ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 1680 ⵎⵜ  ⴷⴰ ⵏⵏ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⴱⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵎ "ⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⴰ"

ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴷⴰⵔ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⵍⵜ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵖ 1411 ⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵣⵉ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵢ ⴰⵍⴼⵓⵏⵚⵓ ⴷⵉ ⴰⵍⴱⵓⴽⵉⵔⴽⵉ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ, ⵉⵍⵎⵎⴰ ⵉⵙⴰⵡⵍ ⵅⴼ ⵉⵡⴷⴰⵏ ⵏⵏⴰ ⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵍⴰⴽⴰ ⵉⴱⴷⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵉⵙ Gores

ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵎⵜⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19 ⵍⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵜⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵉⵏ ⴰⵎ Korea ⴷ ⴰⵎ Corea, ⵜⵓⴳⵜⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴰⵙⴷⴷ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 20ⵎⵜ ⵏⵜⵜⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⴰⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ "Korea" ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⴳⵉⵣ ⵜⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ ⴱⴰⵛ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔ Japan ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵜⵉⵍⵢ ⴰⴼⵍⵍⴰ ⵏ Korea, ⴰⵛⴽⵓ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵏⴹⴼⵔ ⴰⵍⴼⴰⴱⵉⵜⵉⵢ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵯⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⴰⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉ J ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔ ⴱⴷⴷⴰ K

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

### ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓⵜ

ⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⴰⵡⵙⴽⴰⵔⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵖⴰⵔⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴳⴳⵣ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ​ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⵣⴷⵖ ⵣⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵥⵔⵓⵢⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴰⵢⴽⵓ (Lower Paleolithic).

​ⵙ ⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ "ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" (ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ" ⵏⵖ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴰⵇⴱⵓⵔⵜ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⴼⵉⵍ ⴼ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14) ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2333 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴷⴰⵏⴳⵓⵏ". ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴱⴷⵔ ⴳⵓ-ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵣⵎⵎⴻⵎⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ. ⵜⵙⵎⵔⵉ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 108 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵀⴰⵏ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ "ⵡⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ", ⵜⵙⵔⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵥⵍⵎⴹ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵍⵉⵍⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵎⵎⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵢⴰⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵉⵏⴱⴹⵏ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜⵉⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ "ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ" ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 313.
​ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⴰⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⴱⵉⵔⵢⴰ ⵏⵖ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ "ⵍⵢⴰⵡ" ⵏⵖ "ⴰⵎⵓⵔ". ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵙ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 300 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ, ⵓⵎⵥⵏ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵢⵓⵢ" ⵍⵍⵉ ⵙⴰⵡⴰⵍⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵊⴰⴱⵓⵏⵉⵜ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵣⵉⵔⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ.

### ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⴰⵜⵉⵏ

​ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵉⵏ", ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵢⵓ, ⵓⴽⵊⵓ, ⴷⵓⵏⴳⵢⵉ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵎⵀⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵙⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⴷ ⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏⵜ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ: ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ.
​ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵜ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴳ 700 ⵏ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⴰⵢⵜⵓ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ" ⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵙ "ⵊⴰⵏⴳⵙⵓ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹ.
​ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⵏ ⵢⵉⵍⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴽⴽⴰⵍ "ⴼⵉⵏⵉⵇⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ". ⵜⴰⵥⵉⴹⵕⴰ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵍⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵡⵙ ⴳ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵏⵥⴰⵡⵜ ⵙ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ. ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵥⵢⴰⵏⵜ ⴳⵉⵙⵏⵜ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵜⴰⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵔⵏⵓ.
​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 676, ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ". ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵍⵀⴰⵢ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵜⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⴰⵏⵛⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ, ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴼⵍⴰⵍⵜ ⴳ ⵓⴳⵎⵎⵓⴹ".
​ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵔⴽⴰⵏⵜ, ⵜⴳ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⴳ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵏ ⵜⵥⵓⵔⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴳⵏⵙⵓ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵢⴽⵊⵉ ⴷ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⵔⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓⵜⵉⵏ" ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 9.
​ⵜⴼⵍⵓⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵓⴷⴷⵉⵜ (Buddhism) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⴰⵜⴰⵔⵜ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ.
​ⵜⴰⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ:
​Ha (ⵀⴰ): ⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙⵖ "ⵀⴰ" ⴳ ⵜⵣⵡⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴷⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ.
​ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ: ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ "Peninsula" ⵙ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵏ "ⵉⴽⵏⵉ" ⴷ "ⴰⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎ".

### ⵜⵉⵎⵍⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵙⵢⵉⵡⵏⵉⵏ

​ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 936, ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ "ⵡⴰⵏⴳ ⴳⵢⵓⵏ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵔⵙⵏ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ (Goryeo) ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵜⴰⵢⵢⴰⵡⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵓⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ. ⵣⵓⵏⴷ ⵙⵉⵍⵍⴰ, ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵡⴰⵏⴽ ⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰⵏ, ⵜⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴽⵉⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ. ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵙⵎⴷ ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵉⵙⵜ ⵏ "ⵜⵔⵉⴱⵉⵜⴰⴽⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰⵏⴰ" ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⴳ ⵜⴼⵉⵍⵓⵙⵓⴼⵜ, ⵜⴰⵙⴽⵍⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1100, ⵍⵍⴰⵏⵜ 12 ⵏ ⵜⵙⴷⴰⵡⵉⵢⵉⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⴷ-ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵙⵏⴰⵡⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ.
​ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 13 ⵢⵓⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵏ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⴳ ⵡⵉⵢⵢⴰⴹ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⵇⵇⵏⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵎⵥⵏ 86 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ. ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 14, ⵜⵥⴹⴰⵔ ⴳⵓⵔⵢⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵙⴳ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⴳⵓⵍⵉⵢⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1392, ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ" ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ (coup) ⵉⵏⵓⴼⵍⴰ.
​ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵢⵉ ⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ-ⴳⵢⵉ ⵜⴰⵡⵊⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⵉ", ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ (Joseon), ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵙ "ⵀⴰⵏⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ" (ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ). 200 ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴼⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵙⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⴳⵎⵉ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ ⴰ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⴰ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⵙⵉⵊⵓⵏ ⴰⵎⵇⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⴰⴳⵎⵎⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⴳⵓⵍ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵙⵉⴷⵔ ⵜⵉⵔⵔⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵉ ⴳ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ. ⴳⵔ 1592 ⴷ 1598, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⴰⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⴰⴷ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵜⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴼⵍⵓⵙ "ⵢⵉ ⵙⵓⵏ-ⵙⵉⵏ" ⴷ "ⵜⴰⵖⵔⴰⴱⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵉⵙ" (turtle ship). ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵔⵖ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 18 ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵉⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷⵏ "ⵢⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ" ⴷ "ⵊⵓⵏⴳⵊⵓ".
​ⴳ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵉⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵉⴼⵍⵍⴰⵃⵏ. ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵡⴰⵏⵜ" (hermit kingdom) ⵜⴹⵄⴼ ⵙⴳ ⵓⵣⴱⴰⵖ ⵏ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ, ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1882, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵏⵏ ⵍⵍⵉ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴼ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

### ⴰⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ

ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙⵙ 19, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⴼⵔⴰⵔⵜ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵔⵏⴰ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⴷ ⵔⵓⵙⵢⴰ. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1897, ⵉⵙⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⴳⵓⵊⵓⵏⴳ", ⴰⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ ⴰⵎⴳⴳⴰⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ, ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴽⴰⴷⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ 1905, ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⵜ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ 1910. ⵉⴹⴼⴰⵕ ⵜ ⵉⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ, ⵜⴰⴷⵍⵙⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ.
​ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵕⵚ" ⴳ 1919 ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴱⴱⵓ (resistance) ⴳ ⵓⵣⵡⴰⴳ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ. ⴳⵔ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⴰⴷ, ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ.

### ⴰⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⴷ

### **ⴰⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ**

ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵏⵓⵍⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵉⵏ
​ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵜⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴱⴹⵓ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ: ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵏ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ. "ⴷⵉⵏ ⵔⵓⵙⴽ" ⴷ "ⵛⴰⵔⵍⵣ ⴱⵓⵏⵙⵜⵉⵍ" ⵙⵓⵎⵔⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵓⵏⵉⵔ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ 38 (38th parallel) ⴰⴷⴷⵉⵙ ⵏ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ, ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴳ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ. ⵙ ⵜⵓⵜⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵓⴳⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏ ⴰⵙⵓⵎⵔ ⴰⴷ.
​ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵔⴰⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵓⵔⵥⵎ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵎⵓⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵏⴱⵔⵓⵣ ⵏ "ⴽⴰⵢⵔⵓ" 1943, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴳⵔ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⴱⵟⵟⵓ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1948 ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ: ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ.
​ⴳ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⴰⵙⵜ, ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⴳ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⵓⵔⴰ ⴳ ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1948. ⴳ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵉⵙⵏⴱⴹ ⵓⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ", ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⵏⴰⵣⵉⵖ ⴰⴽⵓⵎⵓⵏⵉⵙⵜ ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵖ ⵓⵙⴷⵓⵔⵔⵉ ⴰⵏⵉⵀⵓⵏⵉ, ⵉⴳ ⴰⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ ⵏ ⵜⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴳⴷⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⴷⵓⴷⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⴳ ⵛⵓⵜⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ.
​ⴳ ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ, ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⴽⵉⵎ ⵉⵍ ⵙⵓⵏⴳ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⴼ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN) ⵜⴼⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ "ⵔⵉ" ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⵣⵣⵓⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ. ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴷⴷⵔⵏⵜ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵉⵏⴱⴱⴰⴹⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ. ⵜⵓⵜⵔ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⴰⵡⵉⵣⵉ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵙⴳ ⵎⵉⵔⵉⴽⴰⵏ ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵜⵓⴳⵉ ⴰⵙ, ⵉⵎⵎⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵎⵓⴷ ⵜⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ.

### **ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉ (1950–1953)**

ⴳ 25 ⵢⵓⵏⵢⵓ 1950, ⵜⵣⴱⵖ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ ⴼ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵢⵉⵔⵖⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵢ. ⵉⴳⴰ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵎⵏⵏⵉⴹ ⴰⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏ ⵉⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ "ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵚⵎⵎⴰⴹ", ⵉⴷⵓⵎ ⴰⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 1953. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⴽⴽⴰ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⵜⴳⴷⵍ (boycott) ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵡⴰⵏⴽⵏ (UN), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵉⵡⵙ ⵉ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ.
ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⴼⵢⵉⵜⵉⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵛⵉⵏⵡⴰ ⵙⵏⴰⵍⵏ (backed) ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵓⴳⴰⴼⴰ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⴷ ⴷⵔⴰⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵛⵉⵏⵡⵉⵢⵏ. ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵛⵛⴰⵔⵏ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵏⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵉⴱⴷⴷ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⵏⴰⵢ. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ, ⵉⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵓⴳⵍⵍⵉⴷ "ⵔⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵏⵣⴰⵢ ⵏ "ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴳⴷⵓⴷ" ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱⵜ.
ⴳ 1953, ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴽⵔ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⵓⴳⴳⵣⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ (armistice), ⵍⵍⵉ ⵓⵔ ⵜⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ, ⵜⴱⴹⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵏⴳⵓⵎⴰⵎⵜ ⴼ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵙⴳⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵡⴰⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕ (DMZ). ⵓⵔ ⵊⵊⵓ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⴳⵎⴹ ⴽⵔⴰ ⵏ ⵓⵎⵙⴰⵙⴰ ⵏ ⵜⴼⵔⴰ (peace treaty), ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⴰ ⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵇⵇⵉⵎⵏⵜ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵏⴰ. ⵄⵍⴰⵢⵏ 3 ⵏ ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⴰⵢ ⵉⵎⵎⵓⵜⵏ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ, ⵢⵉⵍⵉ ⵓⵏⴳⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ ⵢⴰⵜⵜⵓⵢⵏ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⴼ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵜ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ ⴳ ⵓⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ. ⵓⵍⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵔⵣⴰⵏⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴰⴷ.

### **ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⵉⵡⵜ ⵉⴳⴳⵉ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ**

ⴳⵔ ⵉⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙⵏ ⵏ 1962 ⴷ 1994, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵙ 10% ⵏ ⵜⴳⵎⵉ ⵓⵏⵚⵉⴱ ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⵢ ⵎⵉ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ "ⵜⴰⵎⴳⵔⴰⵡⵜ ⴼ ⵡⴰⵙⵉⴼ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏ".
ⴳ 1960, ⵢⴰⵜ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔⵏ ("ⵜⴰⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⵔ") ⵜⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵓⵙⵜⵉⴼⵓ ⵏ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ "ⵙⵉⵏⴳⵎⴰⵏ ⵔⵉ". ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ, ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵜⵛⵓⵏⴳ ⵀⵉ" ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⴳ 16 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1961. ⴳ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏ ⵉⴱⵏⴰⵏ ⴼ ⵓⵙⵉⴼⴹ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴳⵏⴰⵡⵉⵏ, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵙ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵉⴷⴷⵔ ⴰⵙⵔⵜⴰⵏ ⵉⵛⵛⵉⵔⵏ. ⴷⴷⵓ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⵔⴰ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴳ ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵏ ⴼⵢⵉⵜⵏⴰⵎ.
ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⵏ ⵙ ⵓⴷⵉⴽⵜⴰⵜⵓⵔ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⵉⵅⵛⵏⵏ, ⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴼⵍⵏ ⵜⴰⴷⵓⵙⵜⵓⵔⵜ ⴳ 1972 ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵎⵔ ⵜⴰⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵡⴰⵔ ⵉⵡⵜⵜⴰ. ⵡⴰⵅⵅⴰ ⴰⵎⵎⴰⴽ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⵛⵛⵓⵔ, ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴷⵓⵙ ⴱⴰⵀⵔⴰ ⵙ ⵓⵙⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵔⵓ ⴳ ⵜⵔⵓⴱⴱⴰ ⵜⵉⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰⵏⵉⵏ ⵜⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵉⵏ. ⵜⴱⵏⴰ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵉⴱⵔⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⵇⵔⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵎⵉⵜⵔⵓ ⵏ ⵙⵉⵢⵓⵍ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵏⵖⴰ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ ⴳ 26 ⴽⵜⵓⴱⵔ 1979.
ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⴱⴰⵔⴽ, ⵜⴷⴷⵔ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵔⴳⴳⵉⴳ ⵢⴰⴹⵏ, ⴰⵔ ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⴽⵔ ⵊⵉⵏⵉⵔⴰⵍ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ ⴷⵓ-ⵀⵡⴰⵏ" ⴰⵙⵍⴱⴰⴹ ⵏ 12 ⴷⵓⵊⴰⵏⴱⵉⵔ 1979. ⴳ 17 ⵎⴰⵢⵢⵓ 1980, ⵜⵙⴱⵣⵣⵉⵣ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⴰⵣⵣⵔⴰⴼ ⴰⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉ ⴼ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉ ⴷ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ, ⵙⵍⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⴳ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⴳⵡⴰⵏⴳⵊⵓ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵉⵙⵙⵏⵜⴰ ⵓⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵄⵙⴽⵕⵉⵢⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵙ ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ 500 ⴰⵔ 2,000 ⵏ ⵓⴼⴳⴰⵏ.
ⵉⵏⴱⴹ "ⵜⵛⵓⵏ" ⵜⴰⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵙ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵣⵣⴰⵍ ⴰⵔ 1987. ⴳ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⴰⵏⵏ, ⵜⵎⵜⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵎⵃⴹⴰⵔ ⴷⴷⵓ ⵓⵄⵔⵔⵉⵎ ⵜⵙⵔⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵙⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵔⴰⵡⵍⴰ ⴳ ⵜⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ. ⴳ ⵜⴳⵉⵔⴰ, ⵜⴱⵔⵔⵃ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵎⴰⵙ ⵔⴰⴷ ⵜⵙⴽⵔ ⵉⵙⵜⴰⵢⵏ ⵉⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵢⵏ ⵉ ⵓⵏⵙⵙⵉⵅⴼ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⵢⵓⵊⵊⴰⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ ⴰⴷ ⵜⴽⵛⵎ ⴳ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵉⵎⵓⵇⵔⴰⵟⵉⵜ.

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