# ⵙⵢⵓⵍ

ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ, ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵎⵉⵍⵏ ⴷ ⵢⵓⵙⴰⵏ.

 ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⵖⵓⵏⵏ ⵉⴳⵏⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.

 ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰ ⵙⵓⵍ ⴰⴳⵓⵊⵉⵍ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙⵖⵓⵏ ⵏⵏⵙ ⴳ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ.

 ⴰⵎⴰⴳⵔⴰⴷ ⴰⴷ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⴳⵓⵎⵏⵉⵏ. ⵎⴽ ⵜⵓⴼⵉⴷ, ⵔⵏⵓ ⴰⵙ ⴽⵕⴰⴹ ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ ⵏⵖ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ.
**ⵙⵢⵓⵍ**, ⵏⵉⵖ ⴷ ⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷ **ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ,** ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵖ ⴽⵓⵔⵉⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵜⴰⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ, ⴰ ⵖ ⵜⵍⵍⴰ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵢⵓⵏⴳⴳⵉ ⴷ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵏ ⵉⵏⵛⵀⵓⵏ, ⵜⵓⵎⴰⵏ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵙ ⴽⴽⵓⵥⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵖ ⵜⴷⵎⵙⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⵉⵟⵕⵓⴱⵓⵍⵉⵜⴰⵏⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ ⵏ 2014, ⵜⵉⵖⵔⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⴽⵢⵓ ⴷ ⵏⵢⵓⵢⵓⵔⴽ ⴷ ⵍⵓⵙ ⴰⵏⴳⵍⵙ, ⵜⴰⵎⵓ ⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵣⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ. ⵎⵇⵇⴰⵔ ⵍⴽⵎⵏ ⵉⵎⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ 10 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ, ⵙⵙⵏⵜⵉⵏ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵜⵉⴷⵔⵓⵙⵏ ⵙⵖ 2014, ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ 9.97 ⵎⵍⵢⵓⵏ ⵖ 2020. ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⴰⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵜⵏⴱⴰⴹⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵏ ⵉⴼⴼⵓⵙ.

## ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ

ⴰⵎⵣⵔⵓⵢ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵉⴽⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 18 ⴷⴰⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵍⴰⵍⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵍⵎⴰⵙⵉⵀ, ⵍⵍⵉⵖ ⵜⵜ ⵉⵏⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵔⵙⵍ ⵜⴰⵎⵜⵜⵉ ⵏ ⴱⴰⴽⵊ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⵖ ⴽⵕⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ. ⵖ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵎⵍⴰ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵉⵙ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴷⴷⵓⴷⵜ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ, ⵉⴼⵔⴳ ⵜⵜ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ. ⵖ ⵣⵉⴽⴽ ⵜⴰⵙⵓⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ 20, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵎⴰⵥ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵖ ⵓⴼⵓⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵊⴰⴱⵓⵏ, ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵎⵎⴰ "ⵊⵢⵓⴳⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ." ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴽⵓⴷ, ⵉⵎⵏⵖⵉ ⵉⵛⴷⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ ⵉⵎⴳⵔ ⵉⴷ ⵉⵎⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⴷ ⵉⵎⵉⴽⴽ, ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵜⵏⵏⵙⵜⵎ ⵏⵉⵜ. ⵎⴰⵛⵛ, ⵙⵖ ⵡⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵜⵙⵙⵏ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵍⵍⴰⵙ ⵉⴼⴷⵓⴷⵉⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴱⵏⵏⴰⵢⵜ ⵏⵏⵙ, ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⵖⵔⵎ ⵉⵎⵎⵔⴰⵔⵏ.

## ⵜⴰⴷⴰⵎⵙⴰ

ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵜⴳⴰ ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵣⴷⴰⵖⵏ ⵖ ⴰⵙⵢⴰ, ⴷ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⵏⴰⵜ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵙ ⵜⵓⴷⵔⵜ ⵉⴼⵓⵍⴽⵉⵏ ⵙⵖ ⴷⴰⵔ ⴰⵔⵛⴰⴷⵉⵙ ⵖ 2015 ⴷ ⵢⴰⵏ ⴳⴷⴱ ⴱⵔ ⵛⴰⴱⵉⵜⴰ (ⴱⴱⴱ) ⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵢⴰⵥⵏ ⵉ 40,000 ⵏ ⵉⴷⵓⵍⴰⵔ. ⴳⵉⵙ 15 ⵏ ⵜⴷⵔⴰⵡⵉⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ ⵙ ⵡⴰⵢⴷⴰ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴰⵎⵙⵓⵏⴳ, ⵍⴳ, ⴷ ⵀⵢⵓⵏⴷⴰⵉ, ⵍⴰⵏ ⴰⵏⵙⴰ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵎⵏⴰⴹⵜ ⵜⴰⵥⵕⴼⴰⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ, ⴳⵉⵙ ⵉⵙⵙⴰⵍ ⵉⵜⵉⴽⵏⵓⵍⵓⵊⵉⵢⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴳⵔⵏ, ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴳⴰⵏⴳⵏⴰⵎ ⴷ ⴷⵉⴳⵉⵜⴰⵍ ⵎⴷⵉⴰ ⵛⵉⵜⵢ. ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵎⵥ ⵜⴰⵙⴽⴼⵍⵜ ⵜⵉⵙ ⵙⴰⵜ ⵖ ⴳⵍⵓⴱⴰⵍ ⴱⵓⵡⵔ ⵛⵉⵜⵢ ⵉⵏⴷⵅ ⴷ ⴳⵍⵓⴱⴰⵍ ⴼⵉⵏⴰⵏⵛⵉⴰⵍ ⵛⵏⵜⵔⵙ ⵉⵏⴷⵅ, ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵙⵖ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵣⵡⴰⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵉⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳⵏ ⵉⴳⵔⴰⵡⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ. ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏⵉⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵏ 1986, ⴷ ⵡⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵏ 1988, ⴷ ⴳ20 ⴷ ⵛⵛⴰⵢⴼ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵏ 2010.

## ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ

ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵜⵓⵛⴽⴰ ⴷ ⵖ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⴷⵖⴰⵔ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵓⵢⴰⵙ ⵉⵡⵔⴰⵔⴰⵏⵏ, ⵙ ⵓⴷⵔⴰⵔ ⵏ ⴱⵓⵅⴰⵏ ⵉⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵢⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵉⵥⵥⵍⵎⴹ. ⵖ ⵓⴳⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵍⵍⴰⵏ ⵙⵎⵎⵓⵙⵜ ⵏ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⴽⵛⵎⵏⵉⵏ ⵖ ⵓⵏⵙⵛⵓ ⵜⴰⵢⵙⵉ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ: ⵉⴱⵔⴳⵎⵎⵉ ⵏ ⵛⴰⵏⴳⴷⵢⵓⴽ ⴷ ⵓⴳⴰⴷⵉⵔ ⵏ ⵀⵡⴰⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ ⴷ ⵓⵥⴰⵍⵍⵓ ⵏ ⵢⵓⵏⴳⵎⵢⵓ, ⵏⴰⵎⵀⴰⵏⵙⴰⵏⵙⵓⵏⴳ, ⴷ ⵉⵚⵎⴹⴰⵍ ⵉⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏⵏ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ. ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ, ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵜⵙⵙⵓⴳⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵓⵙⴼⴷⵓⴷⵉ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵚⴽⴰ ⵜⴰⵜⵔⴰⵔⵜ, ⵙ ⵉⴷⵖⴰⵔⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵢⵏⵓⵜⵏ ⵣⵓⵏ ⴷ ⴰⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ , 63 ⴱⵡⵉⵍⴷⵉⵏ, ⴰⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵍⵓⵜⵜ ⵡⵓⵔⵍⴷ ⵜⵓⵡⵔ, ⴰⵙⴰⵔⴰⴳ ⵏ ⴷⵓⵏⴳⴷⴰⵎⵓⵏ ⴷⵙⵉⴳⵏ, ⵍⵓⵜⵜ ⵡⵓⵔⵍⴷ, ⴰⴳⵯⴷⴷⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵜⵙⴱⴱⴰⴱⵜ, ⵛⵓⵅ, ⵉⴼⵛ ⵙⵢⵡⵓⵍ, ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⵛ1. ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⴼⴽⴰ ⴰⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ "ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵓⴷⵉⵥⴰⵢⵏ" ⵖ ⵓⵙⴳⴳⵯⴰⵙ 2010... ⵜⴳ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⴰⵏⵏ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵉⵙⵙⵍ ⴰⵏⴰⵎⵓⵔ ⵉ ⵓⵥⴰⵡⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵓⴼⵊⵊⵉⵊ, ⴷ ⵜⵎⴰⴳⵓⵔⵉ ⵏ ⵜⴷⵍⵙⴰ, ⴷⴰ ⴷ ⵉⴹⵉⵏ ⴽ ⴱⵓⴱ ⴷ ⴽⵓⵔⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⴼ (ⵜⴰⴹⴹⵉⵏⴳⴰ ⵜⴰⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ) ⵙ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵜ.

## ⴰⵥⵓⵕ ⵏ ⵉⵙⵎ

ⵙ ⵜⵎⵢⵓⵔⵜ, ⵙⵢⵓⵍ (서울) ⵜⴳⴰ ⵢⴰⵏ ⵡⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⴳⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔ, ⵏ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ (ⵉⵏⵏⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⴷ ⵡⵉⵏ ⵜⴽⵓⵔⵉⵜ ⵜⴰⵙⵉⵏⵉⵏⵉⵜ) ⵉⵙⵎ ⴰⴷ ⴰⵔ ⵀⵍⵍⵉ ⵉⵙⵏⴰⵎⴽ "ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ." ⵖⴰⵢⴰⴷ ⴰⴼ, ⵖ ⵓⵣⵎⵣ ⵏ ⵜⴳⵍⴷⵉⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ, ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵉⴼⵔⴳⵏ ⵏ ⵀⴰⵏⵙⵢⵓⵏⴳ (한성; 漢城) ⴰⵔ ⴰⵙ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵎⴷⴷⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ. ⵙ ⵓⵙⵙⵎⵔⵙ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵎⵢⴰⵔⵏ, ⵉⵎⵙⴼⵔⴰⵡⵙⵏ (ⵍⵎⵓⴱⴰⵛⵛⵉⵔⵉⵏ) ⵏ ⵉⴼⵔⴰⵏⵙⵉⵢⵏ ⴰⵔ ⵜⵜⵉⵏⵉⵏ ⵉ ⵜⵎⴰⵥⵓⵏⵜ ⵏ ⵊⵓⵙⵓⵏ \*ⵙéⵓⵓⵍ\* (/ⵙ.ⵓⵍ/) ⵖ ⵡⴰⵔⵔⴰⵜⵏ ⵏⵏⵙⵏ, ⵎⴰⵢⴰⵏⵏ ⴰⴼ ⵜⴻⵜⵜⵢⴰⵔⴰ ⵖⴰⵙⵙⴰⴷ \*ⵙⵓⵓⵍ\* ⵙ ⵉⵙⴽⴽⵉⵍⵏ ⵉⵍⴰⵜⵉⵏⵉⵢⵏ ⵖ ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵉⵏ ⵢⴰⴹⵏⵉⵏ

ⴷⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵉⵎⵖⵉ ⴰⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏ ⵡⵉⵙ ⵙⵉⵏ ⴷ ⵜⵉⴷⵔⴼⵉⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵜⵉⵖⵔⵎⵜ ⵜⴰⵖ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏⵏⵙ ⵏ ⵖⵉⵍⴰⴷ.

## ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ

ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵡⴰⵏⴷⵓ ⴰⴷ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⵜⴰⴳⵎⴰⵣⵉⵔⵜ ⵏ ⴽⵓⵔⵢⴰ, ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⴰⵔ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵜⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳ ⴽⵓⴽⴽⵉⵡⵓⵏ, ⴷⴰ ⴷⴰⵖ ⵉⵜⵜⵢⴰⵡⵙⵙⴰⵏⵏ ⵓⵍⴰ ⵙ ⵉⵙⵎ ⵏ ⵡⵓⵔⵍⴷ ⵜⴰⴽⵡⵓⵏⴷⵓ ⴼⴷⵔⴰⵜⵉⵓⵏ (ⵓⵜⴼ), ⴰⵙⵏⵜⵍ ⵉⵎⵇⵇⵓⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵏⵏⵓⵏⵜ ⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵜⴰⵢⴽⵡⴰⵏⴷⵓ ⵖ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ.

### ⵉⴳⵉⵜⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⴹⵍⴰⵏⵏ

ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵜⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵡⴰⵙⵢⴰ ⵖ 1986, ⵓⵔⴰⵔⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵏ 1988 ⴷ ⴱⴰⵔⴰⵍⵢⵎⴱⵉⵛⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵏⴱⴷⵓ ⵏ 1988. ⵜⴳ ⵢⴰⵜ ⵙⵖ ⵜⵖⵔⵎⵉⵡⵉⵏ ⴷⴰ ⵙⵏⵓⴱⴳⵏⵉⵏ ⴰⵍⴽⴰⵙ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴼⵉⴼⴰ ⵏ 2002 (ⵙ ⵎⴰ ⵉⴳⴰⵏ ⴳⵓⴷ, ⴰⴱⴰⵔⴰⵣ ⵏ ⵓⵎⴰⴹⴰⵍ ⵏ ⵙⵢⵓⵍ ⵉⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰ ⵓⵏⵎⵓⴳⴳⴰⵔ ⵏ ⵓⵕⵥⵥⵓⵎ).

## ⵉⵙⴰⵖⵓⵍⵏ

* **ⴰⵙⴳⵣⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⵏ ⴰⵙⵉⵏⴰⴳ ⴰⴳⵍⴷⴰⵏ ⵏ ⵜⵓⵙⵙⵏⴰ ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ(ⵙ.ⴳ.ⵙ.ⵎ) :** ⵎⵙⵎⵓⵏ ⴰⵡⴰⵍ ⴰⵎⴰⵜⴰⵢ ⴰⵙⵏⵎⴰⵍⴰⵢ ⵏ ⵜⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ (ⵎ.ⵎ.ⵙ.ⵎ)