# Fósfórù

Fósfórù, 15P| waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus |
| Fósfórù |
| Pípè |  /ˈfɒsfərəs/ ​(*FOS-fər-əs*) |
| Ìhànsójú | colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black |
| Ìwúwo átọ̀mù *A*r, std(P) | 30.973761998(5) |
| Fósfórù ní orí tábìlì àyè |
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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hydrogen |  | Helium |
| Lithium | Beryllium |  | Boron | Carbon | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Fluorine | Neon |
| Sodium | Magnesium |  | Aluminium | Silicon | Phosphorus | Sulfur | Chlorine | Argon |
| Potassium | Calcium | Scandium |  | Titanium | Vanadium | Chromium | Manganese | Iron | Cobalt | Nickel | Copper | Zinc | Gallium | Germanium | Arsenic | Selenium | Bromine | Krypton |
| Rubidium | Strontium | Yttrium |  |  | Zirconium | Niobium | Molybdenum | Technetium | Ruthenium | Rhodium | Palladium | Silver | Cadmium | Indium | Tin | Antimony | Tellurium | Iodine | Xenon |
| Caesium | Barium | Lanthanum | Cerium | Praseodymium | Neodymium | Promethium | Samarium | Europium | Gadolinium | Terbium | Dysprosium | Holmium | Erbium | Thulium | Ytterbium | Lutetium | Hafnium | Tantalum | Tungsten | Rhenium | Osmium | Iridium | Platinum | Gold | Mercury (element) | Thallium | Lead | Bismuth | Polonium | Astatine | Radon |
| Francium | Radium | Actinium | Thorium | Protactinium | Uranium | Neptunium | Plutonium | Americium | Curium | Berkelium | Californium | Einsteinium | Fermium | Mendelevium | Nobelium | Lawrencium | Rutherfordium | Dubnium | Seaborgium | Bohrium | Hassium | Meitnerium | Darmstadtium | Roentgenium | Copernicium | Nihonium | Flerovium | Moscovium | Livermorium | Tennessine | Oganesson |

 | N ↑ **P** ↓ As |
| sílíkọ́nù ← **fósfórù** → sulfur |

 |

 |
| Nọ́mbà átọ̀mù (*Z*) | 15 |
| Ẹgbẹ́ | group 15 (pnictogens) |
| Àyè | àyè 3  |
| Àdìpọ̀ | Àdìpọ̀-p  |
| Ẹ̀ka ẹ́límẹ́ntì |   Reactive nonmetal |
| Ìtò ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
| Iye ẹ̀lẹ́ktrọ́nù lórí ìpele kọ̀ọ̀kan | 2, 8, 5 |
| Àwọn ohun ìní ara |
| Ìfarahàn at STP | solid |
| Kíki (near r.t.) | (white) 1.823, (red) ≈ 2.2 – 2.34, (violet) 2.36, (black) 2.69 g/cm3 |
| Triple point |  (red) 862.7 K, 4367 kPa  |
| Heat of fusion | (white) 0.66 kJ/mol  |
| Heat of  | (white) 12.4 kJ/mol  |
| Molar heat capacity | (white) 23.824 J/(mol·K)  |
| **pressure** (white)

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 279 | 307 | 342 | 388 | 453 | 549 |

 |
| **pressure**

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 455 | 489 | 529 | 576 | 635 | 704 |

 |
| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states | **−3**, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, **+3**, +4, **+5** Àdàkọ:Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state/comment |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.19  |
|  energies | * (more)
 |
| Covalent radius | 107±3 pm  |
| Van der Waals radius | 180 pm  |
| Color lines in a spectral range**Spectral lines of fósfórù** |
| Other properties |
| Natural occurrence | primordial |
| Crystal structure |  ​simple triclinic |
| Thermal conductivity | (white) 0.236, (black) 12.1 W/(m·K)  |
| Magnetic ordering | (white, red, violet, black) diamagnetic  |
| Bulk modulus | (white) 5, (red) 11 GPa  |
| CAS Number | 7723-14-0  |
| History |
| Discovery | Hennig Brand (1669) |
| Recognized as an element by | Antoine Lavoisier (1777) |
| Main isotopes of fósfórù |
|

| Iso­tope | Abun­dance | Half-life (*t*1/2) | Decay mode | Pro­duct |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 31P | 100% | 31P is stable with 16 neutrons |
| 32P | syn | 14.28 d | β− | 1.709 | 32S |
| 33P | syn | 25.3 d | β− | 0.249 | 33S |

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**Fósfórù** ni ẹ́límẹ̀ntì kẹ́míkà kan tó ní àmì-ìdámọ̀ **P** àti nọ́mbà átọ̀mù 15. Elimenti to je alaije-metali afagbarapupodimu to wa ninu egbe nitrojin, fosforu gegebi alumoni unwa ni ipoaye isodioksidi bo se ye, gegebi inorganic awon okuta fosfati alainiorgani. Elimenti fosforu wa ni ida meji pataki—fosforu funfun ati fosforu pupa—sugbon nitori isedarapo giga re, fosforu ko da wa bi elimenti lori Aye.

The first form of elemental phosphorus to be produced (white phosphorus, in 1669) emits a faint glow upon exposure to oxygen – hence its name given from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning "light-bearer" (Latin *Lucifer*), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term "phosphorescence", meaning glow after illumination, originally derives from this property of phosphorus, although this word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus itself originates from oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus— a process now termed chemiluminescence.

## Itokasi