# Yukréìn

| Ukréìn Ukraine Україна |
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Àsìá

 Àmì ọ̀pá àṣẹ

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| **Orin ìyìn:**Ще не вмерла України і слава, і воля  (Ukrainian) [*Shche ne vmerla Ukrayiny i slava i volya] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help)*  (transliteration) *Ukraine's glory has not perished, nor her freedom* |
| Ibùdó ilẹ̀  Yukréìn  (green)on the European continent  (dark grey)  —  [Legend] |
| Olùìlú àti ìlú tótóbijùlọ | Kiev |
| Àwọn èdè ìṣẹ́ọba | Ukrainian |
| Àwọn ẹ̀yà ènìyàn  | 77.8 % Ukrainian 17.3% % Russian   4.9 % others |
| Orúkọ aráàlú | Ukrainian |
| Ìjọba | Unitary semi-presidential republic |
|  |
| • President  | Volodymyr Zelensky (Володимир Зеленський) |
| • Prime Minister  | Julija Swyrydenko (Юлія Свириденко) |
| • Speaker of Parliament  | Ruslan Stefanchuk (Руслан Стефанчук) |
|  |
| Aṣòfin | Verkhovna Rada |
| Formation |
|  |
| • Kievan Rus'  | 8821 |
| • Kingdom of Rus'  | 11991 |
| • Cossack Hetmanate  | 1649 |
| • Ukrainian National Republic  | March 17, 1917 |
| • West Ukrainian National Republic  | November 1, 1918 |
| • Ukrainian SSR  | December 30, 1922 |
| • Independence from the Soviet Union  | August 24, 19912 |
|  |
| Ìtóbi |
| • Total | 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi) (44th) |
| • Omi (%) | 7% |
| Alábùgbé |
| • 2009 estimate | 46,011,300 (27th) |
| • 2001 census | 48,457,102 |
| • Ìdìmọ́ra | 77/km2 (199.4/sq mi) (115th) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2009 estimate |
| • Total | $289.739 billion |
| • Per capita | $6,339 |
| GDP (nominal) | 2009 estimate |
| • Total | $116.190 billion |
| • Per capita | $2,542 |
| Gini (2006) | 31 **Error: Invalid Gini value** |
| HDI (2005) | ▲ 0.788 **Error: Invalid HDI value** · 76th |
| Owóníná | Hryvnia (UAH) |
| Ibi àkókò | UTC+2 (EET) |
| • Ìgbà oru (DST) | UTC+3 (EEST) |
| Ojúọ̀nà ọkọ́ | right |
| Àmì tẹlifóònù | 380 |
| Internet TLD | .ua |
| 1 The ancient state of Kievan Rus' was formed in 882 on the territory of modern Ukraine. From the historiographical point of view, Rus' polity is considered by some historians and the Ukrainian parliament as an early predecessor of the Ukrainian nation. 2 An independence referendum was held on December 1 after which Ukrainian independence was finalized on December 26. The current constitution was adopted on June 28, 1996. |

**Ukraníà** je orile-ede ni Europe. jẹ orilẹ-ede ti o tobi julọ ni apakan agbaye yii, pẹlu olugbe ti o to 30 million, ati awọn ede meji ti a sọ - ilu Yukirenia ati ede keji Russian, gẹgẹbi ohun-iní ti ijọba ijọba orilẹ-ede ni ọpọlọpọ awọn ọgọrun ọdun.

## Itan

### Ojo ori ti o wa larin

Ni awọn 7th-9th sehin, East Slavic ẹya akoso nibi ati ki o ṣilọ lati agbegbe ti igbalode Yukréìn si agbegbe ti oorun apa ti igbalode Rọ́síà. Ni Aarin ogoro, awọn ilẹ ti awọn orilẹ-ede mejeeji jẹ apakan ti ipinlẹ kan, olu-ilu eyiti o jẹ Kyiv. Ni awọn 12th orundun Kievan Rus bẹrẹ lati disintegrate si lọtọ principalities. Ni ọrundun 12th, Yuri Drohoruky, ọmọ 6th ti ọmọ alade Kiev Volodymyr Monomakh, ko ni ẹtọ si itẹ ati nitorinaa ṣeto lati ṣẹgun awọn ilẹ ni ariwa ila-oorun.

Nitorinaa, ni aarin ọrundun 12th, awọn ẹya Slavic rii ara wọn ni awọn ilẹ ti Central Rọ́síà. Ṣaaju ki wọn to de, awọn ẹya ti o sunmọ awọn Finn ode oni gbe lori aaye ti Moscow, ti Dolgoruky ṣe ipilẹ bi ipinnu kekere kan. Ogun kan sele laarin awọn Vladimir-Suzdal Principality (aringbungbun Rọ́síà) ati Kyiv, eyi ti o yori si awọn oniwe-iyapa lati Kyivan Rus'।

Awọn ẹya Slavic ni ọdun 9th
Lẹhin ikọlu Batu ni ọdun 1240, olori awọn ijọba ariwa, Alexander Nevsky, di ọmọ ti o gba Batu, ati ikopa Alexander ninu ogun ni ẹgbẹ Horde yori si ọmọ rẹ Daniil ọmọ ọdun 16, di ọmọ-alade akọkọ ti Ilu Moscow, eyiti o yori si idagbasoke Rọ́síà ti ode oni.Ilu nla igba atijọ miiran ni Rọ́síà ode oni ni Veliky Novgorod, eyiti o wa ni ogun nigbagbogbo pẹlu Moscow ati pe Moscow ṣẹgun nikan ni ọdun 1478.

Awọn orilẹ-ede Yukréìni ati Belarusian ti ojo iwaju ti yapa nikẹhin lati Rọ́síà iwaju ni ọdun 14th, di apakan ti Grand Duchy ti Lithuania (titi di ọdun 18th, awọn eniyan meji wọnyi sunmọ, awọn ọrọ ti awọn ede Yukirenia ati Belarusian paapaa ni bayi ṣe deede nipasẹ 84%).Ni opin ọrundun 15th, Golden Horde ti tuka sinu Crimean Khanate, Astrakhan ati Kazan Khanates, ati ilu Muscovite (Rọ́síà), eyiti o ja awọn ogun ifinran lemọlemọfún si awọn ọrẹ ati awọn aladugbo rẹ tẹlẹ, nipataki lodi si Grand Duchy ti Lithuania, ni pataki. Awọn ogun nigbagbogbo wa fun ilu Smolensk (eyiti o jẹ agbegbe ti Belarus tẹlẹ). Awọn eniyan Rọsia jade lati awọn ẹya East Slavic ti wọn si ṣe bi orilẹ-ede ti o yatọ ni akoko ti ipinle Muscovite

### Awọn akoko ti nla àgbègbè awari

Okan ninu awọn arabara lọpọlọpọ si Bohdan Khmelnytsky, akọni orilẹ-ede, olori awọn Cossacks ati ogun ominira ti 1648-1654.
Ni awọn 15-16th orundun, ohun Gbajumo ti Yukireniams ti a akoso - awọn Cossacks, jagunjagun ti o ni idaabobo awọn orilẹ-ède lati awọn ku ti awọn aladugbo wọn.

Awọn ara ilu Rọ́síà ode oni wa si awọn orilẹ-ede Yukiren ni ọrundun 17th, ati lakoko Ijakadi Yukirenia fun ominira wọn ati lati koju ikọlu Polandi labẹ idari Bohdan Khmelnytsky, adehun pẹlu Russia ti pari ni ọdun 1654.

Yukirenians won ko ifowosi kà laarin wọn ilu ati awọn ti a deede rán, pẹlu awọn miiran apa ti awọn Yukréìn olugbe, mejeeji Cossacks ati alaroje, lati fi agbara mu laala jin inu Russia, eyi ti o je kan ti o ṣẹ adehun ti 1654. (10.000 Ukrainians kú lati aimọ ipo nigba ti ikole ti Ladoga Canal).

Eyi yori si iṣọtẹ ti Hetman Ivan Mazepa ni ọdun 1708, ẹniti o fọ awọn ibatan pẹlu Rọ́síà ati pe o fẹ lati wa labẹ aabo Sweden.

Ni 1775, Rọ́síà run awọn Yukréìni Cossacks ati awọn won kasulu - Sich, eyi ti yori si awọn ibi-enslavement ti Yukréìn ati awọn ilana ti Rọ́síìfíkéṣọ̀n - awọn osise iparun ti awọn Yukréìn ede ati asa nipa Rọ́síà.

Valuev ká ibere
Awọn apẹẹrẹ ti o han gbangba ti iru awọn eto imulo ni aṣẹ Ems (Эмский указ) ati aṣẹ ti Minisita Petr Valuev (Валуевский циркуляр), eyiti o fi ofin de awọn ara Yukiren lati lo ede abinibi wọn.

### 20. orundun, igbalode itan

1914 Emperor Nicholas II ti gbesele ajọyọ ọdun 100 ti ibimọ onkọwe Yukirenia olokiki Taras Shevchenko ni Ijọba Russia.

panini lati Soviet-Ukrainian ogun
Ni ibẹrẹ ọdun 1917, Iyika Kínní ti Alexander Kerensky dari rẹ ṣubú ijọba ọba o si sọ Rọ́síà di olominira kan, fifun ọpọlọpọ awọn eniyan ti a ti nilara tẹlẹri ni anfaani lati ja fun ominira wọn .

Lẹhin ti denin wa si agbara, o kede ogun abele ni Ijọba Rọ́síà tẹlẹ, apakan eyiti o jẹ ogun ti o waye ni 1917-1921 laarin Orilẹ-ede Ara ilu Yukirenia ati Rọ́síà Sọfieti, eyiti o yori si ipin ti Ukraine laarin Polandii ati Russia (lati ọdun 1922 Soviet Union).

Ni ọdun 1932-1933, ijọba Soviet labẹ Joseph Stalin ṣe Holodomor (ìyan ti a ṣeto ti artificial) ti ọpọlọpọ awọn orilẹ-ede agbaye mọ bi ipaeyarun ti awọn ara ilu Ukraini ati pe o gba ẹmi awọn eniyan to to 10 milionu.

Ni 1937, NKVD (nigbamii fun lorukọmii ni Ile-iṣẹ Abẹnu Ilu Sọfieti) shot julọ ninu awọn Ukrainian intelligentsia, olori ti asa ati Imọ, ati awọn ti o ku ti won sin ni ikoko sinu Bykivnia igbo, ibi ti a iranti ti a ere lẹhin ti awọn Collapse ti Ilu Sọfieti..

Ile ọnọ ti Holodomor, Kyiv
Ni 1941-1945, awọn orilẹ-ede ti a ti tẹdo patapata nipasẹ awọn Nazis, gbogbo 5th Ti Ukarain alágbádá kú.

Ni awọn ọdun 1960-1980, ijọba Sọfieti ṣe awọn ipanilaya lodi si awọn alatako, fifiranṣẹ wọn si awọn ẹwọn ati fifi wọn si itọju ọpọlọ, awọn julọ olokiki dissident lati Ukraine ni Vasyl' Stus .

Ni 1985-1991, Ilu Sọfieti ṣubu, ati ni Oṣu Kẹjọ 24, 1991, Ukraine kede ominira.

### 21st orundun (orundun mokanlelogun)

Lẹhin igba kẹta ti Vladimir Putin, eyiti o wa si agbara ni ọdun 2012, Rọ́síà bẹrẹ ijakadi pataki lori ominira ọrọ-ọrọ, ọran ti o ṣe akiyesi julọ eyiti o jẹ ọmọkunrin kan lati ilu Ufa ti a fi ranṣẹ si ile-iṣẹ atimọle ọdọ fun eto lati pa Kremlin run ni ere kọnputa kan. Jù bẹ́ẹ̀ lọ, kété lẹ́yìn tí ó dé orí ìjọba, ó bẹ̀rẹ̀ sí kó àwọn ọmọ ogun jọ nítòsí àwọn ẹkùn ìlà-oòrùn Yukréìn ó sì bẹ̀rẹ̀ ìpolongo pàtàkì kan nípa ìsọfúnni lòdì sí orílẹ̀-èdè náà.

Lati ṣetọju agbara, lẹhinna-Yukréìn Aare Viktor Yanukovych beere Putin lati fi awọn ọmọ-ogun ki o si gbogun ti Yukréìn ni 2013, yori si awọn ehonu mọ bi Euromaidan.

Papa ọkọ ofurufu Donetsk run nipasẹ Russia, 2014
Ní February 20, 2014, nígbà tí Yanukovych wà ní Kyiv, Rọ́ṣíà bẹ̀rẹ̀ iṣẹ́ rẹ̀ ní àgbègbè Crimean ní gúúsù Yukréìn, lẹ́yìn náà ni ó pèsè ààbò fún Yanukovych. Ni Oṣu Kẹrin Ọjọ 12, Ọdun 2014, Rọ́síà bẹrẹ ogun ni ila-oorun Yukréìn nigbati awọn ọmọ ogun nipasẹ oṣiṣẹ Iṣẹ Aabo Federal ti Rọsia Igor Girkin kolu ilu Sloviansk. Ni Oṣu Kẹwa ọjọ 13, Yukréìn ṣe ifilọlẹ ATO lati da ibinu Russia duro .

Titi di ọdun 2022, Rọ́síà, nipasẹ ọmọlangidi "Donetsk Orílẹ̀-èdè", gbe ogun aṣiri kan si Yukréìn, eyiti nipasẹ 2022 ti dagba si ogun ni kikun. Ni ọdun 2022, ọpọlọpọ awọn ikede atako ogun waye kaakiri Rọ́síà, eyiti awọn iṣẹ aabo ti tẹmọlẹ
 .

Ni Yukréìn, Rọ́síà n ṣe awọn odaran nla ti ogun, gẹgẹbi awọn agbegbe ibugbe ti ibon nlanla, iparun pipe ti awọn ilu bii Mariupol, ati inunibini si awọn ara ilu fun iduro ti Yukréìn wọn, pẹlu ijiya ni awọn ipilẹ ile ti awọn ile ni Kherson ti tẹdo.Ilufin ti o buruju julọ si awọn ara ilu ni Yukréìn ni ibon yiyan ni Bucha, ti o ṣe ni Oṣu Kẹta ọdun 2022, eyiti awọn oniwadi kan ṣe afiwe si ipakupa Katyn' ti 1940..

Ojò Rọ́síàn pẹlu aami Z ti a firanṣẹ si agbegbe ija, 2022
Ni awọn agbegbe ti o gba, awọn ara ilu Rọ́síà bẹrẹ iparun nla ti awọn iwe-ede Yukirenia lati awọn ile-ẹkọ ẹkọ, awọn ile ọnọ, ati awọn ile-ikawe ti ko ni ibamu pẹlu awọn iṣedede ti ete ti Ilu Russia, ati ṣẹda eto ti awọn ibudó “filtration” nibiti awọn ara ilu ti wa ni tubu ati jiya ..

àti ọ̀rọ̀ àpilẹ̀kọ náà Timofei Sergeytsev onímọ̀ ìṣèlú Rọ́ṣíà, “Kí Ni Ó Yẹ Kí Rọ́ṣíà Ṣe pẹ̀lú Ukraine?” (Rọ́síà: Что Россия должна сделать с Украиной ?) Akoitan ara ilu Amẹrika Timothy Snyder pe ni "iwe-afọwọkọ Rọ́síàn ti ipaeyarun" .

## Afe

* Aarin itan ti Kiev
* Aarin itan ti Lviv
* Aarin itan ti Kharkiv
* Odi ti Saint Elizabeth, Kropyvnytskyi
* Aarin itan ti Odesa
* Aarin itan ti Kherson
* Aarin itan ti Mykolaiv

## Itokasi