# 彝字

**彝字**（彝语：ꆈꌠꁱꂷ，*nuosu bburma*，[nɔ̄sū bū̠mā]），又称夷字、爨文、韪书、蝌蚪文、倮语、倮倮文、毕摩文咾啥，是彝族用来记录彝语个文字。不同地区传统彝字推扳交关，《滇川黔桂彝文字集》分八卷收录著87,000多隻彝字；而将来尤一码字面，拢共有得88,591隻彝字。

## 历史

贵州省六枝特区拦龙桥碑记约镌于南宋末年，是今存世顶早个彝字文献。早期彝字侪是表意文字，随著辰光推移，大量表音节个符号加进来，成为表意为主、表音为辅、意音结合个意音文字。

1974年，四川省民委语文工作组搭凉山州语文工作指导委员会对北部彝语用字进行改造，拟定《彝文规范方案》，后于1980年经国务院批准推广。箇套方案完完全全是音节文字。

1983年，云南省彝文规范领导小组开始拟定跨方言个《云南规范彝文方案》，1987年经省政府批准试行。1994年出版《云南规范彝文汉文字词对照》。1995年云南省进一步完善隻方案。箇套方案是意音文字。

1991年，贵州出版《简明彝汉字典》（贵州本），对东部彝语用字进行整理，区分著正体搭异体。

## 凉山彝字

|  | 声母 | - | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 韵母 | IPA | - | p | pʰ | b | m͡b | m̥ | m | f | v | t | tʰ | d | n͡d | n̥ | n | ɬ | l | k | kʰ | ɡ | ŋ͡ɡ | h | ŋ | x | ɣ | t͡s | t͡sʰ | d͡z | nd͡z | s | z | t͡ʂ | t͡ʂʰ | d͡ʐ | nd͡ʐ | ʂ | ʐ | t͡ɕ | t͡ɕʰ | d͡ʑ | nd͡ʑ | ȵ | ɕ | ʑ |
| i
/i/ | it | i̋ | ꀀ | ꀖ | ꀸ | ꁖ | ꁶ | ꂑ | ꂮ | ꃍ | ꃢ | ꄀ | ꄚ | ꄶ | ꅑ | ꅨ | ꅽ | ꆗ | ꆷ | ꇚ | ꇸ | ꈔ |  | ꉆ |  | ꉮ |  | ꊍ | ꊮ | ꋐ | ꋭ | ꌉ | ꌪ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏠ | ꏼ | ꐘ | ꐱ | ꑊ | ꑝ | ꑱ |
| ix | ǐ | ꀁ | ꀗ | ꀹ | ꁗ | ꁷ | ꂒ | ꂯ | ꃎ | ꃣ | ꄁ | ꄛ | ꄷ | ꅒ | ꅩ | ꅾ | ꆘ | ꆸ | ꇛ | ꇹ | ꈕ |  | ꉇ |  |  |  | ꊎ | ꊯ | ꋑ | ꋮ | ꌊ | ꌫ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏡ | ꏽ | ꐙ | ꐲ | ꑋ | ꑞ | ꑲ |
| i | ī | ꀂ | ꀘ | ꀺ | ꁘ | ꁸ | ꂓ | ꂰ | ꃏ | ꃤ | ꄂ | ꄜ | ꄸ | ꅓ | ꅪ | ꅿ | ꆙ | ꆹ | ꇜ | ꇺ | ꈖ |  | ꉈ |  |  |  | ꊏ | ꊰ | ꋒ | ꋯ | ꌋ | ꌬ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏢ | ꏾ | ꐚ | ꐳ | ꑌ | ꑟ | ꑳ |
| ip | î | ꀃ | ꀙ | ꀻ | ꁙ | ꁹ | ꂔ | ꂱ | ꃐ | ꃥ | ꄃ | ꄝ | ꄹ | ꅔ | ꅫ | ꆀ | ꆚ | ꆺ | ꇝ | ꇻ |  |  | ꉉ |  |  |  | ꊐ | ꊱ | ꋓ | ꋰ | ꌌ | ꌭ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏣ | ꏿ | ꐛ | ꐴ | ꑍ | ꑠ | ꑴ |
| ie
/ɛ/ | iet | ɛ̋ | ꀄ | ꀚ |  | ꁚ |  |  |  |  | ꃦ |  |  |  |  | ꅬ |  |  | ꆻ | ꇞ |  |  |  | ꉊ |  |  |  |  | ꊲ | ꋔ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏤ | ꐀ | ꐜ | ꐵ | ꑎ | ꑡ | ꑵ |
| iex | ɛ̌ | ꀅ | ꀛ | ꀼ | ꁛ | ꁺ | ꂕ | ꂲ |  | ꃧ | ꄄ | ꄞ | ꄺ | ꅕ | ꅭ | ꆁ | ꆛ | ꆼ | ꇟ | ꇼ | ꈗ | ꈰ | ꉋ | ꉝ | ꉯ |  | ꊑ | ꊳ | ꋕ | ꋱ | ꌍ | ꌮ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏥ | ꐁ | ꐝ | ꐶ | ꑏ | ꑢ | ꑶ |
| ie | ɛ̄ | ꀆ | ꀜ | ꀽ | ꁜ | ꁻ | ꂖ | ꂳ |  | ꃨ | ꄅ | ꄟ | ꄻ | ꅖ | ꅮ | ꆂ | ꆜ | ꆽ | ꇠ | ꇽ | ꈘ | ꈱ | ꉌ | ꉞ | ꉰ |  | ꊒ | ꊴ | ꋖ | ꋲ | ꌎ | ꌯ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏦ | ꐂ | ꐞ | ꐷ | ꑐ | ꑣ | ꑷ |
| iep | ɛ̂ | ꀇ | ꀝ | ꀾ | ꁝ | ꁼ | ꂗ | ꂴ |  | ꃩ | ꄆ | ꄠ | ꄼ |  | ꅯ | ꆃ | ꆝ | ꆾ | ꇡ | ꇾ | ꈙ |  | ꉍ | ꉟ |  |  | ꊓ | ꊵ | ꋗ | ꋳ | ꌏ | ꌰ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꏧ | ꐃ | ꐟ | ꐸ | ꑑ | ꑤ | ꑸ |
| a
/a/ | at | a̋ | ꀈ | ꀞ | ꀿ | ꁞ | ꁽ | ꂘ | ꂵ | ꃑ | ꃪ | ꄇ | ꄡ | ꄽ | ꅗ | ꅰ |  | ꆞ | ꆿ | ꇢ | ꇿ | ꈚ | ꈲ | ꉎ | ꉠ | ꉱ | ꊀ | ꊔ | ꊶ | ꋘ | ꋴ | ꌐ | ꌱ | ꍆ | ꍡ |  | ꎔ | ꎫ | ꏆ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ax | ǎ | ꀉ | ꀟ | ꁀ | ꁟ | ꁾ | ꂙ | ꂶ | ꃒ | ꃫ | ꄈ | ꄢ | ꄾ | ꅘ | ꅱ | ꆄ | ꆟ | ꇀ | ꇣ | ꈀ | ꈛ | ꈳ | ꉏ | ꉡ | ꉲ | ꊁ | ꊕ | ꊷ | ꋙ | ꋵ | ꌑ | ꌲ | ꍇ | ꍢ | ꍼ | ꎕ | ꎬ | ꏇ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| a | ā | ꀊ | ꀠ | ꁁ | ꁠ | ꁿ | ꂚ | ꂷ | ꃓ | ꃬ | ꄉ | ꄣ | ꄿ | ꅙ | ꅲ | ꆅ | ꆠ | ꇁ | ꇤ | ꈁ | ꈜ | ꈴ | ꉐ | ꉢ | ꉳ | ꊂ | ꊖ | ꊸ | ꋚ | ꋶ | ꌒ | ꌳ | ꍈ | ꍣ | ꍽ | ꎖ | ꎭ | ꏈ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ap | â | ꀋ | ꀡ | ꁂ | ꁡ | ꂀ | ꂛ | ꂸ | ꃔ | ꃭ | ꄊ | ꄤ | ꅀ | ꅚ | ꅳ | ꆆ | ꆡ | ꇂ | ꇥ | ꈂ | ꈝ | ꈵ | ꉑ | ꉣ | ꉴ | ꊃ | ꊗ | ꊹ | ꋛ | ꋷ | ꌓ | ꌴ | ꍉ | ꍤ |  | ꎗ | ꎮ | ꏉ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| uo
/ɔ/ | uot | ɔ̋ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꂹ |  |  |  | ꄥ |  |  |  |  |  | ꇃ | ꇦ |  | ꈞ |  | ꉒ | ꉤ | ꉵ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꍥ |  |  |  |  | ꏨ | ꐄ |  |  |  |  | ꑹ |
| uox | ɔ̌ | ꀌ | ꀢ | ꁃ | ꁢ |  | ꂜ | ꂺ |  |  | ꄋ | ꄦ | ꅁ |  | ꅴ | ꆇ | ꆢ | ꇄ | ꇧ | ꈃ | ꈟ | ꈶ | ꉓ | ꉥ | ꉶ | ꊄ | ꊘ | ꊺ |  | ꋸ | ꌔ |  | ꍊ | ꍦ | ꍾ |  | ꎯ | ꏊ | ꏩ | ꐅ | ꐠ | ꐹ | ꑒ | ꑥ | ꑺ |
| uo | ɔ̄ | ꀍ | ꀣ | ꁄ | ꁣ |  | ꂝ | ꂻ |  |  | ꄌ | ꄧ | ꅂ |  | ꅵ | ꆈ | ꆣ | ꇅ | ꇨ | ꈄ | ꈠ | ꈷ | ꉔ | ꉦ | ꉷ | ꊅ | ꊙ | ꊻ |  | ꋹ | ꌕ |  | ꍋ | ꍧ | ꍿ |  | ꎰ | ꏋ | ꏪ | ꐆ | ꐡ | ꐺ | ꑓ | ꑦ | ꑻ |
| uop | ɔ̂ | ꀎ | ꀤ | ꁅ | ꁤ |  | ꂞ | ꂼ |  |  |  | ꄨ | ꅃ |  |  | ꆉ | ꆤ | ꇆ | ꇩ | ꈅ | ꈡ | ꈸ | ꉕ |  | ꉸ | ꊆ | ꊚ | ꊼ |  |  | ꌖ |  | ꍌ | ꍨ |  |  | ꎱ | ꏌ | ꏫ | ꐇ | ꐢ |  | ꑔ |  | ꑼ |
| o
/o/ | ot | ő | ꀏ | ꀥ | ꁆ | ꁥ | ꂁ | ꂟ | ꂽ |  | ꃮ | ꄍ | ꄩ | ꅄ | ꅛ | ꅶ | ꆊ |  | ꇇ | ꇪ | ꈆ | ꈢ | ꈹ | ꉖ | ꉧ | ꉹ |  | ꊛ | ꊽ |  |  | ꌗ | ꌵ | ꍍ | ꍩ | ꎀ |  | ꎲ | ꏍ | ꏬ | ꐈ | ꐣ | ꐻ | ꑕ | ꑧ | ꑽ |
| ox | ǒ | ꀐ | ꀦ | ꁇ | ꁦ | ꂂ | ꂠ | ꂾ | ꃕ | ꃯ | ꄎ | ꄪ | ꅅ | ꅜ | ꅷ | ꆋ | ꆥ | ꇈ | ꇫ | ꈇ | ꈣ | ꈺ | ꉗ | ꉨ | ꉺ | ꊇ | ꊜ | ꊾ | ꋜ | ꋺ | ꌘ | ꌶ | ꍎ | ꍪ | ꎁ | ꎘ | ꎳ | ꏎ | ꏭ | ꐉ | ꐤ | ꐼ | ꑖ | ꑨ | ꑾ |
| o | ō | ꀑ | ꀧ | ꁈ | ꁧ | ꂃ | ꂡ | ꂿ | ꃖ | ꃰ | ꄏ | ꄫ | ꅆ | ꅝ |  | ꆌ | ꆦ | ꇉ | ꇬ | ꈈ | ꈤ | ꈻ | ꉘ | ꉩ | ꉻ | ꊈ | ꊝ | ꊿ | ꋝ |  | ꌙ | ꌷ | ꍏ | ꍫ | ꎂ | ꎙ | ꎴ | ꏏ | ꏮ | ꐊ | ꐥ | ꐽ | ꑗ | ꑩ | ꑿ |
| op | ô | ꀒ | ꀨ | ꁉ | ꁨ | ꂄ | ꂢ | ꃀ | ꃗ | ꃱ | ꄐ | ꄬ | ꅇ | ꅞ | ꅸ | ꆍ | ꆧ | ꇊ | ꇭ | ꈉ | ꈥ | ꈼ | ꉙ | ꉪ | ꉼ | ꊉ | ꊞ | ꋀ | ꋞ | ꋻ | ꌚ | ꌸ | ꍐ | ꍬ | ꎃ | ꎚ | ꎵ | ꏐ | ꏯ | ꐋ | ꐦ | ꐾ | ꑘ | ꑪ | ꒀ |
| e
/ɯ/ | et | ɯ̋ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꇮ | ꈊ | ꈦ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꍑ | ꍭ | ꎄ | ꎛ | ꎶ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ex | ɯ̌ | ꀓ | ꀩ |  | ꁩ |  |  | ꃁ |  | ꃲ | ꄑ | ꄭ | ꅈ | ꅟ | ꅹ | ꆎ | ꆨ | ꇋ | ꇯ | ꈋ | ꈧ | ꈽ | ꉚ | ꉫ | ꉽ | ꊊ | ꊟ | ꋁ | ꋟ | ꋼ | ꌛ | ꌹ | ꍒ | ꍮ | ꎅ | ꎜ | ꎷ | ꏑ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| e | [ɯ̄] | ꀔ | ꀪ |  | ꁪ |  |  | ꃂ |  |  | ꄒ | ꄮ | ꅉ | ꅠ | ꅺ | ꆏ | ꆩ | ꇌ | ꇰ | ꈌ | ꈨ | ꈾ | ꉛ | ꉬ | ꉾ | ꊋ | ꊠ | ꋂ | ꋠ | ꋽ | ꌜ | ꌺ | ꍓ | ꍯ | ꎆ | ꎝ | ꎸ | ꏒ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| ep | ɯ̂ |  | ꀫ |  | ꁫ |  |  |  |  | ꃳ | ꄓ | ꄯ | ꅊ | ꅡ | ꅻ | ꆐ | ꆪ | ꇍ | ꇱ | ꈍ | ꈩ | ꈿ | ꉜ | ꉭ | ꉿ | ꊌ | ꊡ | ꋃ | ꋡ |  | ꌝ | ꌻ | ꍔ | ꍰ | ꎇ | ꎞ | ꎹ | ꏓ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| u
/u/ | ut | ű |  | ꀬ | ꁊ | ꁬ | ꂅ | ꂣ | ꃃ | ꃘ | ꃴ | ꄔ | ꄰ | ꅋ | ꅢ | ꅼ | ꆑ | ꆫ | ꇎ | ꇲ | ꈎ | ꈪ | ꉀ |  |  |  |  | ꊢ | ꋄ |  |  | ꌞ | ꌼ | ꍕ |  | ꎈ | ꎟ | ꎺ | ꏔ | ꏰ | ꐌ | ꐧ |  | ꑙ |  | ꒁ |
| ux | ǔ |  | ꀭ | ꁋ | ꁭ | ꂆ | ꂤ | ꃄ | ꃙ | ꃵ | ꄕ | ꄱ | ꅌ | ꅣ |  | ꆒ | ꆬ | ꇏ | ꇳ | ꈏ | ꈫ | ꉁ |  |  |  |  | ꊣ | ꋅ | ꋢ | ꋾ | ꌟ | ꌽ | ꍖ | ꍱ | ꎉ | ꎠ | ꎻ | ꏕ | ꏱ | ꐍ | ꐨ | ꐿ | ꑚ |  | ꒂ |
| u | ū |  | ꀮ | ꁌ | ꁮ | ꂇ | ꂥ | ꃅ | ꃚ | ꃶ | ꄖ | ꄲ | ꅍ | ꅤ |  | ꆓ | ꆭ | ꇐ | ꇴ | ꈐ | ꈬ | ꉂ |  |  |  |  | ꊤ | ꋆ | ꋣ | ꋿ | ꌠ | ꌾ | ꍗ | ꍲ | ꎊ | ꎡ | ꎼ | ꏖ | ꏲ | ꐎ | ꐩ | ꑀ | ꑛ |  | ꒃ |
| up | û |  | ꀯ | ꁍ | ꁯ | ꂈ | ꂦ | ꃆ | ꃛ | ꃷ | ꄗ | ꄳ | ꅎ | ꅥ |  | ꆔ | ꆮ | ꇑ | ꇵ | ꈑ | ꈭ | ꉃ |  |  |  |  | ꊥ | ꋇ | ꋤ | ꌀ | ꌡ | ꌿ | ꍘ | ꍳ | ꎋ | ꎢ | ꎽ | ꏗ | ꏳ | ꐏ | ꐪ | ꑁ | ꑜ |  | ꒄ |
| urx | ǔ̱ |  | ꀰ | ꁎ | ꁰ | ꂉ | ꂧ | ꃇ | ꃜ | ꃸ | ꄘ | ꄴ | ꅏ | ꅦ |  | ꆕ | ꆯ | ꇒ | ꇶ | ꈒ | ꈮ | ꉄ |  |  |  |  | ꊦ | ꋈ | ꋥ | ꌁ | ꌢ |  | ꍙ | ꍴ | ꎌ | ꎣ | ꎾ | ꏘ | ꏴ | ꐐ | ꐫ | ꑂ |  |  | ꒅ |
| ur | ū̱ |  | ꀱ | ꁏ | ꁱ | ꂊ | ꂨ | ꃈ | ꃝ | ꃹ | ꄙ | ꄵ | ꅐ | ꅧ |  | ꆖ | ꆰ | ꇓ | ꇷ | ꈓ | ꈯ | ꉅ |  |  |  |  | ꊧ | ꋉ | ꋦ | ꌂ | ꌣ |  | ꍚ | ꍵ | ꎍ | ꎤ | ꎿ | ꏙ | ꏵ | ꐑ | ꐬ | ꑃ |  |  | ꒆ |
| y
/ɿ/ | yt | ɿ̋ |  | ꀲ | ꁐ | ꁲ | ꂋ |  | ꃉ | ꃞ | ꃺ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꆱ | ꇔ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꊨ | ꋊ | ꋧ | ꌃ | ꌤ | ꍀ | ꍛ | ꍶ | ꎎ | ꎥ | ꏀ | ꏚ | ꏶ | ꐒ | ꐭ | ꑄ |  | ꑫ | ꒇ |
| yx | ɿ̌ |  | ꀳ | ꁑ | ꁳ | ꂌ | ꂩ | ꃊ | ꃟ | ꃻ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꆲ | ꇕ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꊩ | ꋋ | ꋨ | ꌄ | ꌥ | ꍁ | ꍜ | ꍷ | ꎏ | ꎦ | ꏁ | ꏛ | ꏷ | ꐓ | ꐮ | ꑅ |  | ꑬ | ꒈ |
| y | ɿ̄ |  | ꀴ | ꁒ | ꁴ | ꂍ | ꂪ | ꃋ | ꃠ | ꃼ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꆳ | ꇖ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꊪ | ꋌ | ꋩ | ꌅ | ꌦ | ꍂ | ꍝ | ꍸ | ꎐ | ꎧ | ꏂ | ꏜ | ꏸ | ꐔ | ꐯ | ꑆ |  | ꑭ | ꒉ |
| yp | ɿ̂ |  | ꀵ | ꁓ | ꁵ | ꂎ | ꂫ | ꃌ | ꃡ | ꃽ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꆴ | ꇗ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꊫ | ꋍ | ꋪ | ꌆ | ꌧ | ꍃ | ꍞ | ꍹ | ꎑ | ꎨ | ꏃ | ꏝ | ꏹ | ꐕ | ꐰ | ꑇ |  | ꑮ | ꒊ |
| yrx | ɿ̱̌ |  | ꀶ | ꁔ |  | ꂏ | ꂬ |  |  | ꃾ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꆵ | ꇘ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꊬ | ꋎ | ꋫ | ꌇ | ꌨ | ꍄ | ꍟ | ꍺ | ꎒ | ꎩ | ꏄ | ꏞ | ꏺ | ꐖ |  | ꑈ |  | ꑯ | ꒋ |
| yr | ɿ̱̄ |  | ꀷ | ꁕ |  | ꂐ | ꂭ |  |  | ꃿ |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꆶ | ꇙ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꊭ | ꋏ | ꋬ | ꌈ | ꌩ | ꍅ | ꍠ | ꍻ | ꎓ | ꎪ | ꏅ | ꏟ | ꏻ | ꐗ |  | ꑉ |  | ꑰ | ꒌ |
| 韵母 | IPA | - | p | pʰ | b | m͡b | m̥ | m | f | v | t | tʰ | d | n͡d | n̥ | n | ɬ | l | k | kʰ | ɡ | ŋ͡ɡ | h | ŋ | x | ɣ | t͡s | t͡sʰ | d͡z | nd͡z | s | z | t͡ʂ | t͡ʂʰ | d͡ʐ | nd͡ʐ | ʂ | ʐ | t͡ɕ | t͡ɕʰ | d͡ʑ | nd͡ʑ | ȵ | ɕ | ʑ |
|  | 声母 | - | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y |

## 外部鏈接

* 彝字发音