# Dinastiya Ming

|  |
| --- |
| **Dako nga Ming 大明** |
| Imperyo |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ←  | **1368–1644** |  →    → |

 |
| Location of Dinastiya nga MingMing Tsina ha iya gikusogi ha ilarom han pamumuno han Emperador Yongle |
| **Ulohan** | Nanjing (1368–1421) Beijing (1421–1644) |
| **(Mga) yinaknan** | Tsinino |
| **Relihiyon** | Buddhismo, Taoismo, Confucianismo, Chinese folk religion |
| **Punuan** | Monarkiya |
| **Emperador** |
|  - 1368–1398 | Emperador Hongwu |
|  - 1627–1644 | Emperador Chongzhen |
| **Kaagi** |  |
|  - Gintukod ha Nanjing | Enero 23 1368 |
|  - Katlaya han Beijing kan Li Zicheng | Hunyo 6 1644 |
|  - Kahuman han Salatanan nga Ming | Abril, 1662 |
| **Kahaluag** |
|  - 1415 | 6,500,000 km2 (2,509,664 sq mi) |
| **Populasyon** |
|  - 1393 est. | 65,000,000  |
|  - 1403 est. | 66,598,337¹  |
|  - 1500 est. | 125,000,000²  |
|  - 1600 est. | 160,000,000³  |
| **Salapi** | Chinese cash, Chinese coin, paper currency (later abolished) |
| Mga nasalin han Dinastiya Ming nga nauno ha salatan Rsina tubtob 1662, usa ka dinastico nga panahon nga nakilala komo Salatanan nga Ming. ¹An mga ihap in ginbasi ha pagbanabana nga hinimo han CJ Peers ha *Late Imperial Chinese Armies: 1520–1840* ²Sumala ha A. G. Frank, *ReOrient: global economy in the Asian Age*, 1998, p. 109 ³Sumala ha A. Maddison, *The World Economy Volume 1: A Millennial Perspective Volume 2*, 2007, p. 238 |
| **Warning**: *Value specified for "continent" does not comply* |

An **Dinastiya nga Ming** (Tsinino: 明朝; pinyin: Míng Cháo), o Dako nga Imperyo han Ming (大明國 o 大明国; pinyin: Dà Míng Guó) amo an namuno nga dinastiya han Tsina tikang 1368 ngadto ha 1644, pagkatapos natumba an Dinastiya Yuan han mga Mongol.

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga reperensya

* L. Carrington Goodrich and Chaoying Fang, eds. (1976). *Dictionary of Ming Biography, 1368–1644: 明代名人傳: Volume 1, A-L*. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-03801-1.
* Andrew, Anita N. and John A. Rapp. (2000). *Autocracy and China's Rebel Founding Emperors: Comparing Chairman Mao and Ming Taizu*. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. ISBN 0-8476-9580-8.
* Atwell, William S. "Time, Money, and the Weather: Ming China and the "Great Depression" of the Mid-Fifteenth Century," *The Journal of Asian Studies* (Volume 61, Number 1, 2002): 83–113.
* Brook, Timothy. (1998). *The Confusions of Pleasure: Commerce and Culture in Ming China*. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-22154-0 (Paperback).
* Chan, Hok-Lam. (1988). "The Chien-wen, Yung-lo, Hung-shi, and Hsuan-te reigns, 1399-1435" in *The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1*, 182–384, edited by Denis Twitchett and John K. Fairbank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24332-7.
* Chang, Michael G. (2007). *A Court on Horseback: Imperial Touring & the Construction of Qing Rule, 1680–1785*. Cambridge: Published by Harvard University Asia Center; distributed by Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-02454-0.
* Crosby, Alfred W., Jr. (2003). The *Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492; 30th Anniversary Edition*. Westport: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-98092-8.
* Dupuy, R. E.; Dupuy, Trevor N. (1993). *The Collins Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present*. Glasgow: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-470143-7.  Source for "Fall of the Ming Dynasty"
* Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, James B. Palais. (2006). *East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History*. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-13384-4.
* Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1999), *The Cambridge Illustrated History of China*, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN
* Engelfriet, Peter M. (1998). *Euclid in China: The Genesis of the First Translation of Euclid's Elements in 1607 & Its Reception Up to 1723*. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 90-04-10944-7.
* Fairbank, John King; Goldman, Merle (2006), *China: A New History; Second Enlarged Edition*, Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, ISBN
* Gascoigne, Bamber. (2003). *The Dynasties of China: A History*. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-1219-8 (Paperback).
* Geiss, James. (1988). "The Cheng-te reign, 1506–1521," in *The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1*, 403–439, edited by Denis Twitchett and John K. Fairbank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24332-7.
* Gernet, Jacques (1962). *Daily Life in China on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion, 1250–1276*. Translated by H. M. Wright. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-0720-0
* Goldstein, Melvyn C. (1997). *The Snow Lion and the Dragon: China, Tibet and the Dalai Lama*. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21951-1.
* Hargett, James M. "Some Preliminary Remarks on the Travel Records of the Song Dynasty (960–1279)," *Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews* (Clear) (July 1985): 67–93.
* Hartwell, Robert M. "Demographic, Political, and Social Transformations of China, 750–1550," *Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies* (Volume 42, Number 2, 1982): 365–442.
* Ho, Ping-ti. (1959). *Studies on the Population of China: 1368–1953*. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-85245-1.
* Hoffman, Helmut. (2003). "Early and Medieval Tibet" in *The History of Tibet: Volume 1, The Early Period to c. AD 850, the Yarlung Dynasty*, 45–69, ed. Alex McKay. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30842-9.
* Hucker, Charles O. "Governmental Organization of The Ming Dynasty," *Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies* (Volume 21, December 1958): 1–66.
* Kolmaš, Josef. (1967). *Tibet and Imperial China: A Survey of Sino-Tibetan Relations Up to the End of the Manchu Dynasty in 1912: Occasional Paper 7*. Canberra: The Australian National University, Centre of Oriental Studies.
* Kuttner, Fritz A. "Prince Chu Tsai-Yü's Life and Work: A Re-Evaluation of His Contribution to Equal Temperament Theory," *Ethnomusicology*, Vol. 19, No. 2 (May 1975): 163–206.
* Laird, Thomas. (2006). *The Story of Tibet: Conversations with the Dalai Lama*. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-1827-1.
* Langlois, John D., Jr. (1988). "The Hung-wu reign, 1368–1398," in *The Cambridge History of China: Volume 7, The Ming Dynasty, 1368–1644, Part 1*, 107–181, edited by Denis Twitchett and John K. Fairbank. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24332-7.
* Li, Bo and Zheng Ying. (2001). *5000 years of Chinese history*. Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House. ISBN 7-204-04420-7.
* Lipman, Jonathan N. (1998). *Familiar Strangers: A History of Muslims in Northwest China*. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
* Mote, Frederick W. and Denis Twitchett. (1998). *The Cambridge History of China; Volume 7–8*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-24333-5 (Hardback edition).
* Needham, Joseph (1986). *Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3, Mathematics and the Sciences of the Heavens and the Earth*. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
* Needham, Joseph (1986). *Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering*. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
* Needham, Joseph (1986). *Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics*. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
* Needham, Joseph (1986). *Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Part 7, Military Technology; the Gunpowder Epic*. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd.
* Needham, Joseph (1986). *Science and Civilization in China: Volume 6, Biology and Biological Technology, Part 2: Agriculture*. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.
* Norbu, Dawa. (2001). *China's Tibet Policy*. Richmond: Curzon. ISBN 0-7007-0474-4.
* Nowell, Charles E. "The Discovery of the Pacific: A Suggested Change of Approach," *The Pacific Historical Review* (Volume XVI, Number 1; February 1947): 1–10.
* Perdue, Peter C. (2000). "Culture, History, and Imperial Chinese Strategy: Legacies of the Qing Conquests," in *Warfare in Chinese History*, 252–287, edited by Hans van de Ven. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 90-04-11774-1.
* Pfoundes, C. "Notes on the History of Eastern Adventure, Exploration, and Discovery, and Foreign Intercourse with Japan," *Transactions of the Royal Historical Society* (Volume X; 1882): 82–92.
* Robinson, David M. "Banditry and the Subversion of State Authority in China: The Capital Region during the Middle Ming Period (1450–1525)," *Journal of Social History* (Spring 2000): 527–563.
* Robinson, David M. "Politics, Force and Ethnicity in Ming China: Mongols and the Abortive Coup of 1461," *Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies* (Volume 59, Number 1, June 1999): 79–123.
* Schafer, Edward H. "The Development of Bathing Customs in Ancient and Medieval China and the History of the Floriate Clear Palace," *Journal of the American Oriental Society* (Volume 76, Number 2, 1956): 57–82.
* Song, Yingxing (1966). *T'ien-Kung K'ai-Wu: Chinese Technology in the Seventeenth Century*. Translated with preface by E-Tu Zen Sun and Shiou-Chuan Sun University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press.
* Spence, Jonathan D. (1999). *The Search For Modern China; Second Edition*. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-97351-4 (Paperback).
* Sperling, Elliot. (2003). "The 5th Karma-pa and some aspects of the relationship between Tibet and the Early Ming," in *The History of Tibet: Volume 2, The Medieval Period: c. AD 850–1895, the Development of Buddhist Paramountcy*, 473–482, ed. Alex McKay. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30843-7.
* Temple, Robert. (1986). *The Genius of China: 3,000 Years of Science, Discovery, and Invention*. With a forward by Joseph Needham. New York: Simon and Schuster, Inc. ISBN 0-671-62028-2.
* Wakeman, Frederick, Jr. "Rebellion and Revolution: The Study of Popular Movements in Chinese History," *The Journal of Asian Studies* (1977): 201–237.
* Wang, Jiawei and Nyima Gyaincain. (1997). *The Historical Status of China's Tibet*. Beijing: China Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-80113-304-8.
* White, William Charles. (1966). *The Chinese Jews* (Vol. 1–3). New York: Paragon Book Reprint Corporation.
* Wong, H.C. "China's Opposition to Western Science during Late Ming and Early Ch'ing," *Isis* (Volume 54, Number 1, 1963): 29–49.
* Wylie, Turrell V. (2003). "Lama Tribute in the Ming Dynasty" in *The History of Tibet: Volume 2, The Medieval Period: c. AD 850–1895, the Development of Buddhist Paramountcy*, ed. Alex McKay. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-30843-7.
* Yuan, Zheng. "Local Government Schools in Sung China: A Reassessment," *History of Education Quarterly* (Volume 34, Number 2; Summer 1994): 193–213.

## Dugang nga barasahon

* Huang, Ray (1981). *1587, a Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline*. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02518-1.
* Owen, Stephen, "The Yuan and Ming Dynasties," in Stephen Owen, ed. *An Anthology of Chinese Literature: Beginnings to 1911*. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. p. 723-743( Ginhipos 3 Marso 2016 han Wayback Machine).
* Owen, Stephen, "Late Ming Informal Prose," in Stephen Owen, ed. *An Anthology of Chinese Literature: Beginnings to 1911*. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. p. 807-832( Ginhipos 4 Marso 2016 han Wayback Machine).

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Notable Ming dynasty painters and galleries at China Online Museum
* Ming dynasty art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art