# Pi

Kun 1 an diyametro han lidong, an balor han sirkumperensiya amo an π
An **pi** o **π** amo an sukol matematika, nga makukuha tikang ha ratio han sirkumperensiya ngadto ha diyametro han usa ka lidong. An balor hini amo hapit ha numero ihap 3.14159.

## Mga pabaro

Pinanbasaran
Mga reperensya

* Arndt, Jörg; Haenel, Christoph (2006). *Pi Unleashed*. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-66572-4.  Ginkuhà 2013-06-05.  English translation by Catriona and David Lischka.
* Ayers, Frank (1964). *Calculus*. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-070-02653-7.
* Berggren, Lennart; Borwein, Jonathan; Borwein, Peter (1997). *Pi: a Source Book*. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-20571-7.
* Beckmann, Peter (1989) [1974]. *History of Pi*. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-88029-418-8.
* Borwein, Jonathan; Borwein, Peter (1987). *Pi and the AGM: a Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity*. Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-31515-5.
* Boyer, Carl B.; Merzbach, Uta C. (1991). *A History of Mathematics* (2 ed.). Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-54397-8.
* Bronshteĭn, Ilia; Semendiaev, K. A. (1971). *A Guide Book to Mathematics*. H. Deutsch. ISBN 978-3-871-44095-3.
* Eymard, Pierre; Lafon, Jean Pierre (1999). *The Number Pi*. American Mathematical Society. ISBN 978-0-8218-3246-2.  , English translation by Stephen Wilson.
* Joseph, George Gheverghese (1991). *The Crest of the Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13526-7.  Ginkuhà 2013-06-05.
* Posamentier, Alfred S.; Lehmann, Ingmar (2004). *Pi: A Biography of the World's Most Mysterious Number*. Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-1-59102-200-8.
* Reitwiesner, George (1950). "An ENIAC Determination of pi and e to 2000 Decimal Places". *Mathematical Tables and Other Aids to Computation*. **4** (29): 11–15. doi:10.2307/2002695.
* Roy, Ranjan (1990). "The Discovery of the Series Formula for pi by Leibniz, Gregory, and Nilakantha". *Mathematics Magazine*. **63** (5): 291–306. doi:10.2307/2690896.
* Schepler, H. C. (1950). "The Chronology of Pi". *Mathematics Magazine*. Mathematical Association of America. **23** (3): 165–170 (Jan/Feb), 216–228 (Mar/Apr), and 279–283 (May/Jun). doi:10.2307/3029284.. issue 3 Jan/Feb, issue 4 Mar/Apr, issue 5 May/Jun

## Padugang nga barasahon

* Blatner, David (1999). *The Joy of Pi*. Walker & Company. ISBN 978-0-8027-7562-7.
* Borwein, Jonathan and Borwein, Peter, "The Arithmetic-Geometric Mean and Fast Computation of Elementary Functions", *SIAM Review*, **26**(1984) 351–365
* Borwein, Jonathan, Borwein, Peter, and Bailey, David H., *Ramanujan, Modular Equations, and Approximations to Pi or How to Compute One Billion Digits of Pi",* The American Mathematical Monthly*, **96**(1989) 201–219*
* Chudnovsky, David V. and Chudnovsky, Gregory V., "Approximations and Complex Multiplication According to Ramanujan", in *Ramanujan Revisited* (G.E. Andrews et al. Eds), Academic Press, 1988, pp 375–396, 468–472
* Cox, David A., "The Arithmetic-Geometric Mean of Gauss", *L' Ensignement Mathematique*, **30**(1984) 275–330
* Delahaye, Jean-Paul, "Le Fascinant Nombre Pi", Paris: Bibliothèque Pour la Science (1997) ISBN 2902918259
* Engels, Hermann, "Quadrature of the Circle in Ancient Egypt", *Historia Mathematica* **4**(1977) 137–140
* Euler, Leonhard, "On the Use of the Discovered Fractions to Sum Infinite Series", in *Introduction to Analysis of the Infinite. Book I*, translated from the Latin by J. D. Blanton, Springer-Verlag, 1964, pp 137–153
* Heath, T. L., *The Works of Archimedes*, Cambridge, 1897; reprinted in *The Works of Archimedes with The Method of Archimedes*, Dover, 1953, pp 91–98
* Huygens, Christiaan, "De Circuli Magnitudine Inventa", *Christiani Hugenii Opera Varia I*, Leiden 1724, pp 384–388
* Lay-Yong, Lam and Tian-Se, Ang, "Circle Measurements in Ancient China", *Historia Mathematica* **13**(1986) 325–340
* Lindemann, Ferdinand, "Ueber die Zahl pi" Ginhipos 2015-01-22 han Wayback Machine, *Mathematische Annalen* **20**(1882) 213–225
* Matar, K. Mukunda, and Rajagonal, C., "On the Hindu Quadrature of the Circle" (Appendix by K. Balagangadharan). *Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society* **20**(1944) 77–82
* Niven, Ivan, "A Simple Proof that pi Is Irrational", *Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society*, **53**:7 (July 1947), 507
* Ramanujan, Srinivasa, "Modular Equations and Approximations to π", *Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics*, **XLV**, 1914, 350–372. Reprinted in G.H. Hardy, P.V. Seshu Aiyar, and B. M. Wilson (eds), *Srinivasa Ramanujan: Collected Papers*, 1927 (reprinted 2000), pp 23–29
* Shanks, William, *Contributions to Mathematics Batakan:Sic Chiefly of the Rectification of the Circle to 607 Places of Decimals*, 1853, pp. i–xvi, 10
* Shanks, Daniel and Wrench, John William, "Calculation of pi to 100,000 Decimals", *Mathematics of Computation* **16**(1962) 76–99
* Tropfke, Johannes, *Geschichte Der Elementar-Mathematik in Systematischer Darstellung* (*The history of elementary mathematics*), BiblioBazaar, 2009 (reprint), ISBN 978-1-113-08573-3
* Viete, Francois, *Variorum de Rebus Mathematicis Reponsorum Liber VII. F. Viete, Opera Mathematica* (reprint), Georg Olms Verlag, 1970, pp 398–401, 436–446
* Wagon, Stan, "Is Pi Normal?", *The Mathematical Intelligencer*, **7**:3(1985) 65–67
* Wallis, John, *Arithmetica Infinitorum, sive Nova Methodus Inquirendi in Curvilineorum Quadratum, aliaque difficiliora Matheseos Problemata*, Oxford 1655–6. Reprinted in vol. 1 (pp 357–478) of *Opera Mathematica*, Oxford 1693
* Zebrowski, Ernest, *A History of the Circle: Mathematical Reasoning and the Physical Universe*, Rutgers University Press, 1999, ISBN 978-0-8135-2898-4

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Digits of Pi ngada ha Open Directory Project
* "Pi" at Wolfram Mathworld
* Representations of Pi at Wolfram Alpha
* Pi Search Engine: 2 billion searchable digits of WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0 , WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_1 , and WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_2
* Eaves, Laurence (2009). " WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_3 – Pi". *Sixty Symbols*. Brady Haran for the University of Nottingham. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2020-07-06. Ginkuhà 2015-01-22.
* Grime, Dr. James (2014). "Pi is Beautiful – Numberphile". *Numberphile*. Brady Haran.