# Mecca

| Mecca مكّة المكرمة |
| --- |
|
Syudad han Makkah Makkah Al Mukarramah |
| Masjid al-Haram ngan an sentro han Mecca |
|
(Mga) Agnay: Umm Al Qura (*Iroy han mga baryo*) |
| Nasod |  Saudi Arabia |
| Lalawigan |
Lalawigan han Makkah |
| Pagtukod han Kaaba |
+2000 BC |
| Gintukod |
Ibrahim |
| Binmulig Arabya Saudi |
1924 |
| Kagamhanan |
|  • Alkalde |
Osama Al-Bar |
|  • Gobernador han lalawigan |
Khalid al Faisal |
| LangyabMecca Municipality |
|  • Urban |
850 km2 (330 sq mi) |
|  • Metro |
1,200 km2 (500 sq mi) |
| Molupyo (2007) |
|  • City |
1,700,000 |
|  • Densidad |
4,200/km2 (2,625/sq mi) |
|  • Urban |
2,053,912 |
|  • Metro |
2,500,000 |
|   | Mecca Municipality estimate |
| Zona hin oras |
AST (UTC+3) |
|  • Summer (DST) |
AST (UTC+3) |
| Postal Code | (5 digits) |
| (Mga) kodigo hin pagtawag |
+966-2 |
| Websayt |
Mecca Municipality |

An **Mecca** (kaluwas /ˈmɛkə/), ginsusurat gihapon nga Makkah (Iningles: /ˈmækə/; Inarabo: مكة‎ Makkah ngan ha kabug-osan: Inarabo: مكّة المكرمة‎ gintransliterar nga Makkah Al Mukarramah [mækːæt ælmukarːamæ]) amo in usa ka syudad ha Arabya Saudi, ngan an gibabaraani nga kirigtaan nga lugar han Islam, nga dukot nga ginsusundan han Medina.

## Mga bugto nga syudad

* Madinah, Saudi Arabia
* Merv, Turkmenistan
* Al-Quds, State of Palestine
* Istanbul, Turkey
* Karachi, Pakistan

## Pinanbasaran

## Mga reperensya

* the editors of Time-Life Books. (1999). *What life was like in the lands of the prophet: Islamic world, AD 570 – 1405*. Time-Life Books. ISBN 0-7835-5465-6.
* Lapidus, Ira M. (1988). *A History of Islamic Societies*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-22552-3.

## Padugang nga barasahon

Naimantala han ika-19 gatostuig
* Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Mecca", *A New Universal Gazetteer* (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse

* Josiah Conder (1834), "Mecca", *Dictionary of Geography*, London: T. Tegg

* Burton, Richard Francis (1855) (Text file). *Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah — Volume 1*. 2. **1** (Memorial ed.). Tylston and Edwards.  Ginkuhà 2008-10-22.
* Burton, Richard Francis (1855) (Text file). *Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah & Meccah — Volume 2*. 2. **2** (Memorial ed.). Tylston and Edwards.  Ginkuhà 2008-10-22.

* Edward Balfour (1885), "Mecca", *Cyclopaedia of India* (3rd ed.), London: B. Quaritch

Naimantala han ika-20 gatostuig
* "Mecca", *The Encyclopaedia Britannica* (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, OCLC 14782424

* Rosenthal, Franz; Ibn Khaldun (1967). *The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History*. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09797-6.

Naimantala han ika-21 gatostuig
* Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam – The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", *Urban Form in the Arab World*, Zurich: ETH Zurich, ISBN, 0500282056

* C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Mecca". *Historic Cities of the Islamic World*. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill.

* "Quraysh". *Encyclopædia Britannica*. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia (online). 2007. Ginkuhà 2007-02-19.

* Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Makkah", *Cities of the Middle East and North Africa*, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO

* Watt, W. Montgomery. "Makka – The pre-Islamic and early Islamic periods." *Encyclopaedia of Islam*. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. June 6, 2008

* Winder, R.B. "Makka – The Modern City." *Encyclopaedia of Islam*. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2008. Brill Online. June 6, 2008

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Holy Mecca Municipality Ginhipos 2013-08-05 han Wayback Machine Official website (in Arabic)
* Makkah Live 24/7 Ginhipos 2014-08-29 han Wayback Machine
* Saudi Information Resource – Holy Mecca Ginhipos 2006-08-21 han Wayback Machine
* Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al Madinah and Meccah, by Richard Burton Ginhipos 2008-12-01 han Wayback Machine
* ArchNet.org. "Mecca". Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2008-09-29. Ginkuhà 2015-01-27.