# Sudan

|  جمهورية السودان  *Jumhūrīyat al Sūdān* Republic of the Sudan  |
| --- |
|
Bandira

Eskudo

 |
| **Darahonon:**النصر لنا  (Inarabo) "Victory is Ours" |
| **Awit:**نحن جند لله جند الوطن  (Inarabo) *We are the Army of God and of Our Land* |
|  |
| Pamunuan |
Khartoum |
| Gidako-i nga syudad |
Omdurman |
| Opisyal nga mga pinulungan |
Arabic and English |
| (Mga) Tawag hin tawo |
Sudanese |
| Kagamhanan |
Federal presidential democratic republic |
|  |
| • President  |
Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman Burhan |
| • Vice President  |
Vacant |
| • Vice President  |
Vacant |
| • Constitutional Advisor  |
Vacant |
|  |
| Magbabalaod |
The Majlis |
| • Igbaw nga balay |
Council of States |
| • Ubos nga balay |
National Assembly |
| Establishment |
|  |
| • Kingdoms of Nubia  |
2000 BC |
| • Sennar dynasty  |
1504 |
| • Unification with Egypt  |
1821 |
| • Independence from Egypt, and the United Kingdom  |
1 January 1956 |
| • current constitution  |
9 January 2005 |
|  |
| Langyab |
| • Bug-os |
2,505,813 km2 (967,500 sq mi) (10th) |
| • Katubigan (%) |
6 |
| Kamolupyohan |
| • 2009 estimate |
42,272,000 (33rd) |
| • Densidad |
16.9/km2 (43.8/sq mi) (194th) |
| GDP (PPP) |
2008 nga banabana |
| • Bug-os |
$88.037 billion (69th) |
| • Per capita |
$2,309 (137th) |
| GDP (nominal) |
2008 nga banabana |
| • Bug-os |
$58.029 billion (66th) |
| • Per capita |
$1,522 (125th) |
| HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.531 **Error: Invalid HDI value** · 150th |
| Salapi |
Sudanese pound (SDG) |
| Zona hin oras | UTC+3 (East Africa Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (not observed) |
| Dapit hin pagmanehar |
right |
| Kodigo hin pagtawag |
249 |
| ISO 3166 nga kodigo |
SD |
| Internet TLD |
.sd |

An **Republika han Sudan** amo an usa ka nasod han Aprika. An kapital hini amo an syudad han Khartoum.

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya

**Books Brown, Richard P.C. (1992) *Public Debt and Private Wealth: debt, capital flight and the IMF in Sudan*. Macmillan Publishers London ISBN 0-333-57543-1.
* Churchill, Winston (1899; 2000). *The River War — An Historical Account of the Reconquest of the Soudan*. Carroll & Graf Publishers (New York City). ISBN 978-0-7867-0751-5.
* Clammer, Paul (2005). *Sudan — The Bradt Travel Guide*. Bradt Travel Guides (Chalfont St. Peter); Globe Pequot Press. (Guilford, Connecticut). ISBN 978-1-84162-114-2.
* Evans-Pritchard, Blake; Polese, Violetta (2008). *Sudan — The City Trail Guide*. City Trail Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9559274-0-9.
* El Mahdi, Mandour. (1965). A Short History of the Sudan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-913158-9.
* Fadlalla, Mohamed H. (2005). *The Problem of Dar Fur*, iUniverse (New York City). ISBN 978-0-595-36502-9.
* Fadlalla, Mohamed H. (2004). *Short History Of Sudan*. iUniverse (New York City). ISBN 978-0-595-31425-6.
* Fadlalla, Mohamed H. (2007). *UN Intervention in Dar Fur*, iUniverse (New York City). ISBN 978-0-595-42979-0.
* Jok, Jok Madut (2007). *Sudan — Race, Religion and Violence*. Oneworld Publications (Oxford). ISBN 978-1-85168-366-6.
* Mwakikagile, Godfrey (2001). *Slavery in Mauritania and Sudan — The State Against Blacks*, in *The Modern African State — Quest for Transformation*. Nova Science Publishers (Huntington, New York). ISBN 978-1-56072-936-5.
* O'Fahey, Rex Seán; Spauling, Jay Lloyd (1974). *Kingdoms of the Sudan*. Methuen Publishing (London). ISBN 978-0-416-77450-4. Covers Sennar and Darfur.
* Peterson, Scott (2001). *Me Against My Brother — At War in Somalia, Sudan and Rwanda — A Journalist Reports from the Battlefields of Africa*. Routledge (London; New York City). ISBN 978-0-203-90290-5.
* Prunier, Gérard (2005). *Darfur — The Ambiguous Genocide*. Cornell University Press (Ithaca, New York). ISBN 978-0-8014-4450-0.
* Welsby, Derek A. (2002). *The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia — Pagans, Christians and Muslims Along the Middle Nile*. British Museum Press (London). ISBN 978-0-7141-1947-2.
* Zilfū, ʻIṣmat Ḥasan (translation: Clark, Peter) (1980). *Karari — The Sudanese Account of the Battle of Omdurman*. Frederick Warne & Co (London). ISBN 978-0-7232-2677-2.

**Article "Quo Vadis bilad as-Sudan? The Contemporary Framework for a National Interim Constitution". *Law in Africa* (Cologne; 2005). Vol. 8, pp.  63–82. Batakan:ISSN.

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Government of Sudan Ginhipos 2012-12-05 ha Archive.today website
* Sudan web resources provided by GovPubs at the University of Colorado–Boulder Libraries
* Sudan ngada ha Open Directory Project
* Wikimedia Atlas han Sudan
* Sudan nga entrada ha *The World Factbook*
* Sudan profile from the BBC News
* CIMIC activities in the African Union Mission in Sudan