# Mahatma Gandhi

*Mayda impormasyon hini nga artikulo nga aada han Iningles nga bersyon nga angay ighubad ha Winaray*

| Mahatma Gandhi |
| --- |
|  |
| Natawo |
2 Oktubre 1869(1869-10-02) Porbandar, Gujarat, British India |
| Namatay |
30 Enero 1948 (edad 78) New Delhi, Dominion of India |
| Hinungdan han pagkamatay |
Pagka-asasinar pinaagi hin pagkapusil |
| Lubnganan |
Gin-cremate ha Rajghat, Delhi. ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Nasyonalidad |
Indian |
| Mga lain nga ngaran |
Mahatma Gandhi, Bapu, Gandhiji |
| *Alma mater* |
Samaldas College, Bhavnagar, Inner Temple, London |
| Nakilala han |
Prominente nga tawo han kagiusan han paglugaring han Indya, nagpapahayag han pilosopiya han Satyagraha ngan Ahimsa nga nagpapasiugda hin waray-pagkabiyolente, pasipismo |
| Relihiyon |
Hinduismo |
| (Mga) asawa |
Kasturba Gandhi |
| Mga anak |
Harilal Manilal Ramdas Devdas Anak nga namatay ha pagkabata |
| Mga kag-anak |
Putlibai Gandhi (Iroy) Karamchand Gandhi (Amay) |
| **Pirma** |

Hi **Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi** (ha Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી; ginromanisar: *mohandās karamcaṃd gāndhī*, IPA nga kaluwas: /moːhənd̪aːs kərəmtʃənd̪ gaːnd̪ʱiː/) (Oktubre 2 1869 – Enero 30, 1948) usa nga nangunguna nga politikanhon ngan ispiritwal nga namuno ha India ngan han *Indian Independence Movement*. Hiya an ginsisiringa nga amay han India, ngan talagsa ginngangaranan nga "Bapu," nga buot sidngon "amay" ha Gujarati. Hiya an pionyero ngan naghimo nga hinpit han *Satyagraha* — pagsupil pinaagi hin *mass civil disobedience* o dako nga diri-pagtuod nga sibil nga nahatukod ha ahimsa (bug-os nga waray-biyolensya) amo an nagin usa han mga gimakusog nga pilosopiya han *Indian Independence Movement*, ngan naghatag hi pag-aghat ha mga dirudilain nga mga movimiento para hin mga katungod sibil ngan kagawasan ha bug-os nga kalibutan. Hi Gandhi kinikilala ngan tinatawag ha India ngan ha bug-os nga kalibutan nga **Mahatma Gandhi** (ha Hindi: महात्मा, / IPA nga kaluwas: məhatma /; tikang han Sanskrit, *Mahatma*: *Harangdon nga Kalag*) ngan *Bapu* (ha damo nga mga Indianhon nga mga yinaknan, *Amay* o *Tatay*).

## Mga kasarigan

## Mga reperensya

### Mga barasahon

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| * Bhana, Surendra; Vahed, Goolam H. (2005). *The making of a political reformer: Gandhi in South Africa, 1893–1914*. Manohar. ISBN 978-81-7304-612-4.
* Bondurant, Joan Valérie (1971). *Conquest of violence: the Gandhian philosophy of conflict*. University of California Press. GGKEY:NDWFBERN9B5.  Ginkuhà 7 Pebrero 2012.
* Brown, Judith M. "Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand [Mahatma Gandhi] (1869–1948)", *Oxford Dictionary of National Biography,* Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Jan 2011 accessed 25 Feb 2012
* Brown, Judith M. (25 Oktubre 1974). *Gandhi's Rise to Power: Indian Politics 1915-1922*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-09873-1.  Ginkuhà 25 Pebrero 2012.
* Brown, Judith Margaret (23 Oktubre 1991). *Gandhi: Prisoner of Hope*. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-05125-4.  Ginkuhà 13 Enero 2012.
* Brown, Judith M.; Parel, Anthony (21 Pebrero 2011). *The Cambridge Companion to Gandhi*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-13345-6.  Ginkuhà 7 Pebrero 2012.
* Chadha, Yogesh (1997). *Gandhi: a life* (Illustrated, reprint ed.). John Wiley. ISBN 978-0-471-24378-6.  Ginkuhà 8 Pebrero 2012.
* Harold G. Coward (2003). *Indian critiques of Gandhi*. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5910-2.  Ginkuhà 11 Pebrero 2012.
* Desai, Mahadev Haribhai (1930). "Preface". *Day-to-day with Gandhi: secretary's diary*. Hemantkumar Nilkanth (translation). Sarva Seva Sangh Prakashan.  Ginkuhà 16 Enero 2012.
* Easwaran, Eknath (1 Agosto 1997). *Gandhi, the man: the story of his transformation*. Nilgiri Press. ISBN 978-0-915132-96-6.  Ginkuhà 8 Pebrero 2012.
* Fischer, Louis (4 Agosto 1997). *The life of Mahatma Gandhi*. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-00-638887-6.
* Gandhi, Rajmohan (2006). *Gandhi: the man, his people, and the empire*. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25570-8.  Ginkuhà 7 Pebrero 2012.
* Gangrade, K.D. (1 Enero 2004). "Role of Shanti Sainiks in the Global Race for Armaments". *Moral Lessons From Gandhi S Autobiography And Other Essays*. Concept Publishing Company. ISBN 978-81-8069-084-6.  Ginkuhà 11 Enero 2012.
* Hardiman, David (2003). *Gandhi in his time and ours: the global legacy of his ideas*. C. Hurst & Co.. ISBN 978-1-85065-711-8.  Ginkuhà 8 Pebrero 2012.
* Hatt, Christine (12 Abril 2002). *Mahatma Gandhi*. Evans Brothers. ISBN 978-0-237-52308-4.  Ginkuhà 26 Pebrero 2012.
* Herman, Arthur (2008). *Gandhi and Churchill: the epic rivalry that destroyed an empire and forged our age*. Random House Digital, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-553-80463-8.  Ginkuhà 11 Pebrero 2012.
* Jai, Janak Raj (1996). *Commissions and Omissions by Indian Prime Ministers: 1947-1980*. Regency Publications. ISBN 978-81-86030-23-3.  Ginkuhà 26 Pebrero 2012.
* Jones, Constance; Ryan, James D. (28 Pebrero 2007). *Encyclopedia of Hinduism*. Infobase Publishing. pp. 160. ISBN 978-0-8160-5458-9.  Ginkuhà 13 Enero 2012.
* Kumar, Shanti (2006). *Gandhi meets primetime: globalization and nationalism in Indian television*. University of Illinois Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0-252-07244-4.  Ginkuhà 14 Enero 2012.
 | * Lapping, Brian (1 Enero 1989). *End of empire*. Paladin. ISBN 978-0-586-08870-8.  Ginkuhà 16 Enero 2012.
* Lelyveld, Joseph (29 Marso 2011). *Great soul: Mahatma Gandhi and his struggle with India*. Random House Digital, Inc.. ISBN 978-0-307-26958-4.
* Majmudar, Uma (2005). *Gandhi's pilgrimage of faith: from darkness to light*. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-6405-2.  Ginkuhà 12 Enero 2012.
* Miller, Jake C. (2002). *Prophets of a just society*. Nova Publishers. ISBN 978-1-59033-068-5.  Ginkuhà 12 Enero 2012.
* Nayyar, Pyarelal (1956). *Mahatma Gandhi—the last phase, Vol 1*. Navajivan Publishing House. ISBN 0-85283-112-9.  Ginkuhà 16 Enero 2012.
* Pāṇḍeya, Viśva Mohana (1 Enero 2003). *Historiography of India's partition: an analysis of imperialist writings*. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. ISBN 978-81-269-0314-6.  Ginkuhà 8 Pebrero 2012.
* Parekh, Bhikhu C. (2001). *Gandhi: a very short introduction*. Oxford University Press. pp. 6–9. ISBN 978-0-19-285457-5.  Ginkuhà 17 Enero 2012.
* Pilisuk, Marc; Nagler, Michael N. (2011). *Peace Movements Worldwide: Players and practices in resistance to war*. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-36482-2.  Ginkuhà 21 Enero 2012.
* Rudolph, Susanne Hoeber; Rudolph, Lloyd I. (15 Abril 1983). *Gandhi, the traditional roots of charisma*. University of Chicago Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-226-73136-0.  Ginkuhà 12 Enero 2012.
* Rühe, Peter (5 Oktubre 2004). *Gandhi*. Phaidon. ISBN 978-0-7148-4459-6.
* Schouten, Jan Peter (30 Septyembre 2008). *Jesus as guru: the image of Christ among Hindus and Christians in India*. Rodopi. ISBN 978-90-420-2443-4.  Ginkuhà 18 Pebrero 2012.
* Sharp, Gene (1979). *Gandhi as a political strategist: with essays on ethics and politics*. P. Sargent Publishers. ISBN 978-0-87558-090-6.
* Shashi, S. S. (1996). *Encyclopaedia Indica: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh*. Anmol Publications. ISBN 978-81-7041-859-7.
* Sofri, Gianni (1999). *Gandhi and India: a century in focus*. Windrush Press. ISBN 978-1-900624-12-1.
* Sorokin, Pitirim Aleksandrovich (Marso 2002). *The ways and power of love: types, factors, and techniques of moral transformation*. Templeton Foundation Press. p. 169. ISBN 978-1-890151-86-7.  Ginkuhà 12 Enero 2012.
* Tendulkar, D. G. (1951). *Mahatma; life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi*. Delhi: Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
* Thacker, Dhirubhai (1 Enero 2006). ""Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand" (entry)". In Amaresh Datta. *The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Two) (Devraj To Jyoti)*. Sahitya Akademi. pp. 1345. ISBN 978-81-260-1194-0.  Ginkuhà 14 Enero 2012.
* Todd, Anne M. (2004). *Mohandas Gandhi*. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7910-7864-8.  ; short biography for children

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### Panguna nga kuruhaan

* Andrews, C. F. (2008) [1930]. "VII – The Teaching of Ahimsa". *Mahatma Gandhi's Ideas Including Selections from His Writings*. Pierides Press. ISBN 978-1-4437-3309-0.
* Dalton, Dennis, ed. (1996). *Mahatma Gandhi: selected political writings*. Hackett Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87220-330-3.
* Duncan, Ronald, ed. (Mayo 2011). *Selected Writings of Mahatma Gandhi*. Literary Licensing, LLC. ISBN 978-1-258-00907-6.   Ginhipos 17 Marso 2009 han Wayback Machine
* Gandhi, M. K.; Fischer, Louis (2002). Louis Fischer. ed. *The essential Gandhi: an anthology of his writings on his life, work and ideas*. Vintage Books. ISBN 978-1-4000-3050-7.
* Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1928) (in Gujarati) (paperback). *Satyagraha in South Africa* (1 ed.). Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House.  "Translated by Valji G. Desai"  Free online access at Wikilivres.ca (1/e) Ginhipos 19 Hulyo 2012 han Wayback Machine. Pdfs from Gandhiserve (3/e) Ginhipos 21 Enero 2013 han Wayback Machine & Yann Forget (hosted by Arvind Gupta) (1/e).
* Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1994). *The collected works of Mahatma Gandhi*. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. ISBN 978-81-230-0239-2.  (100 volumes). Free online access Ginhipos 9 Mayo 2008 han Wayback Machine from Gandhiserve.
* Gandhi, Mohandas Karamchand (1940). *An Autobiography or The Story of My Experiments With Truth* (2 ed.). Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. ISBN 0-8070-5909-9.  Also available at Wikisource.
* Jack, Homer A., ed. (1994). *The Gandhi reader: a source book of his life and writings*. Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-3161-4.
* Johnson, Richard L.; Gandhi, M. K. (2006). *Gandhi's experiments with truth: essential writings by and about Mahatma Gandhi*. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-1143-7.
* Parel, Anthony J., ed. (2009). *Gandhi: 'Hind Swaraj' and Other Writings Centenary Edition*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-14602-9.

### Mga websayt

* Keen, Shirin (1998). "The Partition of India". Emory University. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2011-09-02. Ginkuhà 16 Enero 2012.
* Sannuti, Arun (6 Abril 2010). "Mohandas K. Gandhi (1869–1948) – Vegetarianism: The Road to Satyagraha". International Vegetarian Union (IVU). Ginkuhà 12 Enero 2012.
* Smith, Colleen (1 Oktubre 2006). "Mbeki: Mahatma Gandhi Satyagraha 100th Anniversary (01/10/2006)". *Speeches*.  Ginkuhà 20 Enero 2012. External link in `|publisher=` (help)

### Mga artikulo hin Journal

* Cribb, R. B. (Agosto 1985). "The Early Political Philosophy of M. K. Gandhi, 1869-1893". *Asian Profile*. **13** (4): 353–360.
* Hardiman, David (Abril 2001). "Champaran and Gandhi: Planters, Peasants and Gandhian Politics by Jacques Pouchepadass (Review)". *Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society*. **11** (1): 99–101. JSTOR 25188108.
* Khan, Yasmin (Enero 2011). "Performing Peace: Gandhi's assassination as a critical moment in the consolidation of the Nehruvian state" (abstract). *Modern Asian Studies*. **45** (1): 57–80. doi:10.1017/S0026749X10000223. Ginkuhà 21 Enero 2012.
* Mohanty, Rekha (2011). "From Satya to Sadbhavna" (PDF). *Orissa Review* (January 2011): 45–49. Ginkuhà 23 Pebrero 2012.
* Murali, Atlury (Enero 1985). "Non-Cooperation in Andhra in 1920–22: Nationalist Intelligentsia and the Mobilization of Peasantry". *Indian Historical Review*. **12** (1/2): 188–217. ISSN 0376-9836.
* Norvell, Lyn (1997). "Gandhi and the Indian Women's Movement". *British Library Journal*. **23** (1): 12–27. ISSN 0305-5167.
* Prashad, Ganesh (Septyembre 1966). "Whiggism in India". *Political Science Quarterly*. **81** (3): 412–431. JSTOR 2147642.
* Sarkar, Jayabrata (18 Abril 2006). "Power, Hegemony and Politics: Leadership Struggle in Congress in the 1930s". *Modern Asian Studies*. **40** (2): 333–370. doi:10.1017/S0026749X0600179X.
* Sarma, Bina Kumari (Enero 1994). "Gandhian Movement and Women's Awakening in Orissa". *Indian Historical Review*. **21** (1/2): 78–79. ISSN 0376-9836.
* Spodek, Howard (Pebrero 1971). "On the Origins of Gandhi's Political Methodology: The Heritage of Kathiawad and Gujarat". *The Journal of Asian Studies*. **30** (2): 361–372. JSTOR 2942919.

### Mga sumat han notisya

* Ferrell, David (27 Septyembre 2001). "A Little Serenity in a City of Madness". *Los Angeles Times*. pp. B 2. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal (Abstract) han 24 Hulyo 2012. Ginkuhà 14 Enero 2012.
* Ramesh, Randeep (16 Enero 2008). "Gandhi's ashes to rest at sea, not in a museum". *The Guardian*. London. Ginkuhà 14 Enero 2012.
* Roberts, Andrew (26 Marso 2011). "Among the Hagiographers (A book review of "Great Soul: Mahatma Gandhi and His Struggle With India" by Joseph Lelyveld)". *BookShelf*. Wall Street Journal. Ginkuhà 14 Enero 2012.
* Unattributed (31 Enero 1948). "Of all faiths and races, together they shed their silent tears". *The Indian Express*. p. 5 (top centre). Ginkuhà 19 Enero 2012.
* Unattributed (1 Pebrero 1948). "Over a million get last darshan". *The Indian Express*. p. 1 (bottom left). Ginkuhà 19 Enero 2012.

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Gandhi Smriti — Government of India website Ginhipos 12 Hulyo 2007 han Wayback Machine
* Mani Bhavan Gandhi Sangrahalaya Gandhi Museum & Library
* Gandhi Research Foundation - One-Stop info on Gandhi