# Carl Friedrich Gauss

| **Carl Friedrich Gauss** |
| --- |
| Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777–1855), painted by Christian Albrecht Jensen |
| Natawo |
30 Abril 1777(1777-04-30) Braunschweig, Duchy of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Holy Roman Empire |
| Namatay |
23 Pebrero 1855 (edad 77) Göttingen, Kingdom of Hanover |
| Taga |
Kingdom of Hanover |
| Nasodhanon |
German |
| Mga larangan |
Mathematics and Physics |
| Mga instituto |
University of Göttingen |
| Alma mater |
University of Helmstedt |
| Nagsagdon han pagdodoktor niya |
Johann Friedrich Pfaff |
| Other academic advisors |
Johann Christian Martin Bartels |
| Mga tinudlo niya han pagdodoktor |
Friedrich Bessel Christoph Gudermann Christian Ludwig Gerling Richard Dedekind Johann Encke Johann Listing Bernhard Riemann Christian Peters Moritz Cantor |
| Other notable students |
Gotthold Eisenstein Gustav Kirchhoff Ernst Kummer Johann Dirichlet August Ferdinand Möbius Julius Weisbach L. C. Schnürlein |
| Nakilala mahitungod han |
See full list |
| Nakaimpluwensya |
Sophie Germain |
| Mga dagko nga pahidungog |
Copley Medal (1838) |
| **Pirma**  |

Hi **Johann Carl Friedrich Gauss** (30 Abril 1777 – 23 Pebrero 1855) usa nga Aleman nga matematiko ngan syentipiko nga dako an naibulig ha lain-lain nga butang sugad han teorya han ihap, estadistika, analisis, heyometriya diferensyal, heodisya, elektrostatika, astronomiya, ngan optika.

## Mga sinurat

* 1799: Disserytasyon pandoktoral han Panguna nga teyorema han alhebra, nga may titulo: *Demonstratio nova theorematis omnem functionem algebraicam rationalem integram unius variabilis in factores reales primi vel secundi gradus resolvi posse* ("New proof of the theorem that every integral algebraic function of one variable can be resolved into real factors (i.e., polynomials) of the first or second degree")

* 1801: *Disquisitiones Arithmeticae*. Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Ikaduha nga edisyon)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help), pp. 1–453. Hinubad ha Iningles ni Arthur A. Clarke "Disquisitiones Arithemeticae (Ikaduha, ginliwat nga edisyon)". New York: Springer. 1986. ISBN. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help).

* 1808: "Theorematis arithmetici demonstratio nova". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen XVI. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae ngan iba nga papeles hinunong han teyorya han ihap) (Ikaduha nga edisyon)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help), pp. 457–462 [Ginpakilala an Gauss's lemma, nga nagamit hin ikatulo nga pruweba han reciprocidad kwadratiko]

* 1809: *Theoria Motus Corporum Coelestium in sectionibus conicis solem ambientium* (Theorie der Bewegung der Himmelskörper, die die Sonne in Kegelschnitten umkreisen), Hinubad ha Iningles ni C. H. Davis, reprinted 1963, Dover, New York.

* 1811: "Summatio serierun quarundam singularium". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help), pp. 463–495 [Determinasyon han sinyales han quadratic Gauss sum, nga nagamit hini para makahatag han ikaupat nga pruweba han reciprosidad kwadtatiko]

* 1812: *Disquisitiones Generales Circa Seriem Infinitam* WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0

* 1818: "Theorematis fundamentallis in doctrina de residuis quadraticis demonstrationes et amplicationes novae". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help), pp. 496–510 [Fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity]

* 1821, 1823 und 1826: *Theoria combinationis observationum erroribus minimis obnoxiae*. Drei Abhandlungen betreffend die Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung als Grundlage des Gauß'schen Fehlerfortpflanzungsgesetzes. (Three essays concerning the calculation of probabilities as the basis of the Gaussian law of error propagation) Hinubad ha Iningles ni G. W. Stewart, 1987, Society for Industrial Mathematics.

* 1827: *Disquisitiones generales circa superficies curvas*, Commentationes Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Gottingesis Recentiores. Volume **VI**, pp. 99–146. "General Investigations of Curved Surfaces" (published 1965) Raven Press, New York, translated by A.M.Hiltebeitel and J.C.Morehead.

* 1828: "Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio prima". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen 6. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help), pp. 511–533 [Elementary facts about biquadratic residues, proves one of the supplements of the law of biquadratic reciprocity (the biquadratic character of 2)]

* 1832: "Theoria residuorum biquadraticorum, Commentatio secunda". Göttingen: Comment. Soc. regiae sci, Göttingen 7. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help). Hinubad ha Inaleman ni H. Maser "Untersuchungen über höhere Arithmetik (Disquisitiones Arithmeticae & other papers on number theory) (Second edition)". New York: Chelsea. 1965. ISBN. Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help), pp. 534–586 [Introduces the Gaussian integers, states (without proof) the law of biquadratic reciprocity, proves the supplementary law for 1 + *i*]

* 1843/44: *Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Erste Abhandlung*, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Zweiter Band, pp. 3–46

* 1846/47: *Untersuchungen über Gegenstände der Höheren Geodäsie. Zweite Abhandlung*, Abhandlungen der Königlichen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Dritter Band, pp. 3–44

* *Mathematisches Tagebuch 1796–1814*, Ostwaldts Klassiker, Harri Deutsch Verlag 2005, mit Anmerkungen von Neumamn, ISBN 978-3-8171-3402-1 (English translation with annotations by Jeremy Gray: Expositiones Math. 1984)
* Kan Gauss mga tinirok nga ginbuhat in aada-ha-linya dinhi Naglalakip ini han mga hinubad ha Inaleman han Linatin nga mga teksto ngan mga komentaryo tikang ha mga dirudilain mga otoridad

## Mga kasarigan

## Padugang nga barasahon

* Bühler, Walter Kaufmann (1987). *Gauss: A Biographical Study*. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 0-387-10662-6.
* Dunnington, G. Waldo. (2003). *Carl Friedrich Gauss: Titan of Science*. The Mathematical Association of America. ISBN 0-88385-547-X. OCLC 53933110.
* Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1965). *Disquisitiones Arithmeticae*. tr. Arthur A. Clarke. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-09473-6.
* Hall, Tord (1970). *Carl Friedrich Gauss: A Biography*. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-08040-0. OCLC 185662235.
* Kehlmann, Daniel (2005). *Die Vermessung der Welt*. Rowohlt. ISBN 3-498-03528-2. OCLC 144590801.
* Sartorius von Waltershausen, Wolfgang (1966). Gauss: A Memorial.
* Simmons, J. (1996). *The Giant Book of Scientists: The 100 Greatest Minds of All Time*. Sydney: The Book Company.
* Tent, Margaret (2006). *The Prince of Mathematics: Carl Friedrich Gauss*. A K Peters. ISBN 1-56881-455-0.

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Works by Karl Friedrich Gauss at Project Gutenberg
* Works by or about Carl Friedrich Gauss at Internet Archive
* Works by or about Karl Friedrich Gauss at Internet Archive
* Carl Friedrich Gauss, PlanetMath.org.
* Complete works
* Gauss and his children
* Gauss biography Ginhipos 2007-07-14 han Wayback Machine
* Carl Friedrich Gauss at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
* Carl Friedrich Gauss – Biography at Fermat's Last Theorem Blog
* Gauss: mathematician of the millennium, by Jürgen Schmidhuber
* English translation of Waltershausen's 1862 biography
* Gauss Ginhipos 2018-08-07 han Wayback Machine general website on Gauss
* MNRAS **16** (1856) 80 Obituary
* Carl Friedrich Gauss on the 10 Deutsche Mark banknote Ginhipos 2011-12-13 han Wayback Machine
* O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "Carl Friedrich Gauss", *MacTutor History of Mathematics archive*, University of St Andrews.
* "Carl Friedrich Gauss" in the series *A Brief History of Mathematics* on BBC 4
* Grimes, James. "5050 And a Gauss Trick". *Numberphile*. Brady Haran. Ginhipos tikang han orihinal han 2017-07-15. Ginkuhà 2015-01-27.