# Brasil

| Republika Federatiba han Brasil [*República Federativa do Brasil*] error: {{lang}}: text has italic markup (help) (Pinortuges) |
| --- |
|
Bandira

Coat of arms

 |
| **Darahonon:"Ordem e Progresso"* (Pinortuges) "Order and Progress" |
| **Awit:**Hino Nacional Brasileiro (Pinortuges) "Brazilian National Anthem" |
| **National seal** Selo Nacional do Brasil  (Pinortuges) "National Seal of Brazil" |
|  |
| Pamunuan |
Brasília |
| Gidako-i nga syudad |
São Paulo |
| Opisyal nga mga pinulungan |
Portuguese |
| (Mga) Tawag hin tawo |
Brazilian |
| Kagamhanan |
Presidential Federal republic |
|  |
| • President  |
Jair Bolsonaro |
| • Vice-President  |
Hamilton Mourão |
| • President of the Chamber of Deputies  |
Arthur Lira |
| • President of the Senate  |
Rodrigo Pacheco |
| • Chief Justice  |
Luiz Fux |
|  |
| Magbabalaod |
National Congress |
| • Igbaw nga balay |
Federal Senate |
| • Ubos nga balay |
Chamber of Deputies |
| Independence from Portugal |
|  |
| • Declared  |
7 Septyembre 1822 |
| • Recognized  |
29 Agosto 1825 |
| • Republic  |
15 Nobyembre 1889 |
| • Current constitution  |
5 Oktubre 1988 |
|  |
| Langyab |
| • Total |
8,514,877 km2 (3,287,612 sq mi) (5th) |
| • Katubigan (%) |
0.98 |
| Kamolupyohan |
| • 2009 estimate |
198,272,890 (5th) |
| • 2007 nga census |
200,087,291 |
| • Densidad |
22/km2 (57.0/sq mi) (182nd) |
| GDP (PPP) |
2009 nga banabana |
| • Bug-os |
$2.384.207 trillion (9th) |
| • Per capita |
$30,455 (27th) |
| GDP (nominal) |
2009 nga banabana |
| • Bug-os |
$2.012.539 trillion (2008) (8th) |
| • Per capita |
$29,737 (26rd) |
| Gini (2009) |
37.3 **Error: Invalid Gini value** |
| HDI (2007) |
0.926 **Error: Invalid HDI value** · 31th |
| Salapi |
Real (R$) (BRL) |
| Zona hin oras | UTC-2 to -4 (BRT) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-2 to -4 (BRST) |
| Format hin pitsa |
dd/mm/yyyy (CE) |
| Dapit hin pagmanehar |
right |
| Kodigo hin pagtawag |
+55 |
| Internet TLD |
.br |

An **Brasil** nga an opisyal nga ngaran **Republika Federativa han Brasil** (ha Pinortuges: **República Federativa do Brasil**) amo an usa ka nasod ha Salatan nga Amerika. An kapital han nasod amo an Brasília.

## Talaan han mga Estado han Brasil

|  |
| --- |
|
*Atlantic Ocean*
*Pacific Ocean*
Amihan
Dumagsaan
Butnga-Katundan
Timugan
Salatan
Acre
Amazonas
Pará
Roraima
Amapá
Rondônia
Tocantins
Maranhão
Bahia
Piauí
Ceará
Rio Grande do Norte
Paraíba
Pernambuco
Alagoas
Sergipe
Mato Grosso
Mato Grosso do Sul
Distrito Federal
Goiás
Minas Gerais
São Paulo
Rio de Janeiro
Espírito Santo
Paraná
Santa Catarina
Rio Grande do Sul
*Argentina*
*Bolivia*
*Chile*
*Colombia*
*Guyana Fransesa*
*Guyana*
*Paraguay*
*Peru*
*Suriname*
*Uruguay*
*Venezuela* |

An karuhaan kag unom nga mga estado ngan an Distrito Federal han Brasil

| Bandera | Estado | Panhalipot | Kapital | Kahaluag (km²) | Ihap han Popyulasyon (2005) | Kadakmol han Popyulasyon (2005) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Acre | AC | Rio Branco | &0000000000152581.400000152,581.4 | &0000000000656043.000000656,043 | &0000000000000004.3000004.30 |
|  | Alagoas | AL | Maceió | &0000000000027767.70000027,767.7 | &0000000003015912.0000003,015,912 | &0000000000000108.610000108.61 |
|  | Amapá | AP | Macapá | &0000000000142814.600000142,814.6 | &0000000000594587.000000594,587 | &0000000000000004.1600004.16 |
|  | Amazonas | AM | Manaus | &0000000001570745.7000001,570,745.7 | &0000000003232330.0000003,232,330 | &0000000000000002.0500002.05 |
|  | Bahia | BA | Salvador | &0000000000564692.700000564,692.7 | &0000000013815334.00000013,815,334 | &0000000000000024.46000024.46 |
|  | Ceará | CE | Fortaleza | &0000000000148825.600000148,825.6 | &0000000008097276.0000008,097,276 | &0000000000000054.40000054.40 |
|  | Distrito Federal | DF | Brasília | &0000000000005822.1000005,822.1 | &0000000002333108.0000002,333,108 | &0000000000000400.730000400.73 |
|  | Espírito Santo | ES | Vitória | &0000000000046077.50000046,077.5 | &0000000003408365.0000003,408,365 | &0000000000000073.97000073.97 |
|  | Goiás | GO | Goiânia | &0000000000340086.700000340,086.7 | &0000000005619917.0000005,619,917 | &0000000000000016.52000016.52 |
|  | Maranhão | MA | São Luís | &0000000000331983.300000331,983.3 | &0000000006103327.0000006,103,327 | &0000000000000018.38000018.38 |
|  | Mato Grosso | MT | Cuiabá | &0000000000903357.900000903,357.9 | &0000000002803274.0000002,803,274 | &0000000000000003.1000003.10 |
|  | Mato Grosso do Sul | MS | Campo Grande | &0000000000357125.000000357,125.0 | &0000000002264468.0000002,264,468 | &0000000000000006.3400006.34 |
|  | Minas Gerais | MG | Belo Horizonte | &0000000000586528.300000586,528.3 | &0000000019237450.00000019,237,450 | &0000000000000032.79000032.79 |
|  | Pará | PA | Belém | &0000000001247689.5000001,247,689.5 | &0000000006970586.0000006,970,586 | &0000000000000005.5800005.58 |
|  | Paraíba | PB | João Pessoa | &0000000000056439.80000056,439.8 | &0000000003595886.0000003,595,886 | &0000000000000063.71000063.71 |
|  | Paraná | PR | Curitiba | &0000000000199314.900000199,314.9 | &0000000010261856.00000010,261,856 | &0000000000000051.48000051.48 |
|  | Pernambuco | PE | Recife | &0000000000098311.60000098,311.6 | &0000000008413593.0000008,413,593 | &0000000000000085.58000085.58 |
|  | Piauí | PI | Teresina | &0000000000251529.200000251,529.2 | &0000000003006885.0000003,006,885 | &0000000000000011.95000011.95 |
|  | Rio de Janeiro | RJ | Rio de Janeiro | &0000000000043696.10000043,696.1 | &0000000015383407.00000015,383,407 | &0000000000000352.050000352.05 |
|  | Rio Grande do Norte | RN | Natal | &0000000000052796.80000052,796.8 | &0000000003003087.0000003,003,087 | &0000000000000056.88000056.88 |
|  | Rio Grande do Sul | RS | Porto Alegre | &0000000000281748.500000281,748.5 | &0000000010845087.00000010,845,087 | &0000000000000038.49000038.49 |
|  | Rondônia | RO | Porto Velho | &0000000000237576.200000237,576.2 | &0000000001534594.0000001,534,594 | &0000000000000006.4600006.46 |
|  | Roraima | RR | Boa Vista | &0000000000224299.000000224,299.0 | &0000000000391317.000000391,317 | &0000000000000001.7400001.74 |
|  | Santa Catarina | SC | Florianópolis | &0000000000095346.20000095,346.2 | &0000000005866568.0000005,866,568 | &0000000000000061.53000061.53 |
|  | São Paulo | SP | São Paulo | &0000000000248209.400000248,209.4 | &0000000040442795.00000040,442,795 | &0000000000000162.930000162.93 |
|  | Sergipe | SE | Aracaju | &0000000000021910.30000021,910.3 | &0000000001967761.0000001,967,761 | &0000000000000089.81000089.81 |
|  | Tocantins | TO | Palmas | &0000000000277620.900000277,620.9 | &0000000001305728.0000001,305,728 | &0000000000000004.7000004.70 |

## Pinanbasaran

## Bibliograpiya

* Azevedo, Aroldo. *O Brasil e suas regiões*. São Paulo: Companhia Editora Nacional, 1971. (Pinortuges)
* Barman, Roderick J. *Citizen Emperor: Pedro II and the Making of Brazil, 1825–1891.* Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. ISBN 0-8047-3510-7
* Boxer, Charles R.. *O império marítimo português 1415–1825*. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002. ISBN 85-359-0292-9 (Pinortuges)
* Bueno, Eduardo. *Brasil: uma História*. São Paulo: Ática, 2003. (Pinortuges) ISBN 85-08-08213-4
* Calmon, Pedro. *História da Civilização Brasileira*. Brasília: Senado Federal, 2002. (Pinortuges)
* Carvalho, José Murilo de. *D. Pedro II*. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2007. (Pinortuges)
* Coelho, Marcos Amorim. *Geografia do Brasil*. 4th ed. São Paulo: Moderna, 1996. (Pinortuges)
* Diégues, Fernando. *A revolução brasílica*. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2004. (Pinortuges)
* *Enciclopédia Barsa*. Volume 4: Batráquio – Camarão, Filipe. Rio de Janeiro: Encyclopædia Britannica do Brasil, 1987. (Pinortuges)
* Fausto, Boris and Devoto, Fernando J. *Brasil e Argentina: Um ensaio de história comparada (1850–2002)*, 2nd ed. São Paulo: Editoria 34, 2005. ISBN 85-7326-308-3 (Pinortuges)
* Gaspari, Elio. *A ditadura envergonhada*. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2002. ISBN 85-359-0277-5 (Pinortuges)
* Janotti, Aldo. *O Marquês de Paraná: inícios de uma carreira política num momento crítico da história da nacionalidade*. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1990. (Pinortuges)
* Lyra, Heitor. *História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Ascenção (1825–1870). v.1*. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1977. (Pinortuges)
* Lyra, Heitor. *História de Dom Pedro II (1825–1891): Declínio (1880–1891). v.3*. Belo Horizonte: Itatiaia, 1977. (Pinortuges)
* Lustosa, Isabel. *D. Pedro I: um herói sem nenhum caráter*. São Paulo: Companhia das letras, 2006. ISBN 85-359-0807-2 (Pinortuges)
* Moreira, Igor A. G. *O Espaço Geográfico, geografia geral e do Brasil*. 18. Ed. São Paulo: Ática, 1981. (Pinortuges)
* Munro, Dana Gardner. *The Latin American Republics; A History*. New York: D. Appleton, 1942.
* Peres, Damião (1949) *O Descobrimento do Brasil por Pedro Álvares Cabral: antecedentes e intencionalidade* Porto: Portucalense. (Pinortuges)
* Scheina, Robert L. *Latin America: A Naval History, 1810–1987*. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1987. ISBN 0-87021-295-8.
* Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz. *As barbas do Imperador: D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos*. 2nd ed. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1998. ISBN 85-7164-837-9. (Pinortuges)
* Skidmore, Thomas E. *Uma História do Brasil*. 4th ed. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, 2003. (Pinortuges) ISBN 85-219-0313-8
* Souza, Adriana Barreto de. *Duque de Caxias: o homem por trás do monumento*. Rio de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2008. (Pinortuges) ISBN 978-85-200-0864-5.
* Vainfas, Ronaldo. *Dicionário do Brasil Imperial*. Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, 2002. ISBN 85-7302-441-0 (Pinortuges)
* Vesentini, José William. *Brasil, sociedade e espaço – Geografia do Brasil*. 7th Ed. São Paulo: Ática, 1988. (Pinortuges)
* Vianna, Hélio. *História do Brasil: período colonial, monarquia e república*, 15th ed. São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1994. (Pinortuges)

## Dugang nga barasahon

* Alves, Maria Helena Moreira (1985). *State and Opposition in Military Brazil*. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
* Amann, Edmund (1990). *The Illusion of Stability: The Brazilian Economy under Cardoso*. World Development (pp. 1805–1819).
* "Background Note: Brazil". US Department of State. Ginkuhà 16 Hunyo 2011.
* Bellos, Alex (2003). *Futebol: The Brazilian Way of Life*. London: Bloomsbury Publishing plc.
* Bethell, Leslie (1991). *Colonial Brazil*. Cambridge: CUP.
* Costa, João Cruz (1964). *A History of Ideas in Brazil*. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
* Fausto, Boris (1999). *A Concise History of Brazil*. Cambridge: CUP.
* Furtado, Celso (1963). *The Economic Growth of Brazil: A Survey from Colonial to Modern Times*. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
* Leal, Victor Nunes (1977). *Coronelismo: The Municipality and Representative Government in Brazil*. Cambridge: CUP.
* Malathronas, John (2003). *Brazil: Life, Blood, Soul*. Chichester: Summersdale.
* Martinez-Lara, Javier (1995). *Building Democracy in Brazil: The Politics of Constitutional Change*. Macmillan.
* Prado Júnior, Caio (1967). *The Colonial Background of Modern Brazil*. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press.
* Schneider, Ronald (1995). *Brazil: Culture and Politics in a New Economic Powerhouse*. Boulder Westview.
* Skidmore, Thomas E. (1974). *Black Into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought*. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
* Wagley, Charles (1963). *An Introduction to Brazil*. New York, New York: Columbia University Press.
* *The World Almanac and Book of Facts: Brazil*. New York, NY: World Almanac Books. 2006.

## Mga sumpay ha gawas

* Official Tourist Guide of Brazil Ginhipos 2012-07-16 han Wayback Machine
* Brazilian Federal Government
* Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics
* Brazil Ginhipos 2008-07-05 han Wayback Machine at *UCB Libraries GovPubs*
* Brasil ngada ha Open Directory Project
* Country Profile from the U.S. Library of Congress (1997)
* Video report on Brazil in 1961 Ginhipos 2015-04-03 han Wayback Machine
* Brazil from the BBC News
* Key Development Forecasts for Brazil from International Futures
* Democracy in Brazil from the Dean Peter Krogh Foreign Affairs Digital Archives
* Mga buhat nga may pagkahisumpay han CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Brazil ha Wikisource
* Datos Heyograpiko nga may pagkahisumpay han Brasil ha OpenStreetMap