# بورون

| بورین |
| --- |
|  **5B** |
|

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 | – ↑ **B** ↓ Al |
| بلوصر ← **بورین** → فحم |

 |

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| بورین in the دوری جدول |
| ظاہرییت |
| سیاہ بھورا  |
| عام خصوصیات |
| نام, علامت, نمبر | بورین, B, 5 |
| گروپ, پيريڈ, بلاک | group n/a, [[period {{{period}}} element|{{{period}}}]], [[{{{block}}}-block|{{{block}}}]] |
| معیاری ایٹمی وزن | {{{atomic mass}}} |
| الیکٹران تشکیل | {{{electron configuration}}} 2, 3 |
| طبعی خصوصیات |
| Liquid کثافت at m.p. | 2.08 g·cm−3 |
| نقطہ پگھلاؤ | 2349 K, 2076 °C, 3769 °F |
| نقطہ کھولاؤ | 4200 K, 3927 °C, 7101 °F |
| Heat of fusion | 50.2 kJ·mol−1 |
| Heat of vaporization | 508 kJ·mol−1 |
| مولر حرارت گنجائش | 11.087 J·mol−1·K−1 |
| Vapor pressure |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| at T (K) | 2348 | 2562 | 2822 | 3141 | 3545 | 4072 |

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| جوہری خصوصیات |
| برقی منفیت | 2.04 (Pauling scale) |
| آیونائزیشن توانائیاں (مزید) | 1st: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1 |
| 2nd: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1 |
| 3rd: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1 |
| جوہری رداس | 90 پیکومیٹر |
| شریک گرفتی رداس | 84±3 pm |
| وانڈروال رداس | 192 pm |
| متفرقات |
| کرسٹل ساخت | rhombohedral
 |
| مقناطیسی ترتیب | دومقناطیسی |
| برقی مزاحمیت | (20 °C) ~106Ω·m |
| حرارتی موصلیت | 27.4 W·m−1·K−1 |
| حرارتی پھیلاؤ | (25 °C) β form: 5–7 µm·m−1·K−1 |
| آواز کی رفتار (thin rod) | (20 °C) 16,200 m·s−1 |
| موس پیمانہ | ~9.5 |
| کیمیائی شعبۂ اخلاص اندراجی عدد | 7440-42-8 |
| تاریخ |
| Discovery | Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard   (30 جون 1808)  |
| First isolation | سر ہمفری ڈیوی   (9 جولائی 1808)  |
| سب سے زیادہ مستحکم ہم جاء (آئسوٹوپ) |
| Main article: Isotopes of بورین |
|

| iso | NA | half-life | DM | DE (MeV) | DP |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 10B | 20% | 10B is مستحکم ہم جاء with 5 نیوٹرونs |
| 11B | 80% | 11B is stable with 6 neutrons |
| 10B content is 19.1–20.3% in natural samples, with the remainder being 11B. |

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**بورون** یا **بورین** (boron) ایک غیر دھاتی عنصر جو سہاگے (borax) میں کثرت سے پایا جاتا ہے۔ یہ مشکل کے ساتھ آزاد حالت میں کم ہو جاتا ہے، جب اسے کئی مختلف شکلوں میں حاصل کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ یعنی، ایک گہرے زیتون کے رنگ کے مادہ کے طور پر، نیم دھاتی شکل میں اور سختی اور دیگر خصوصیات میں ہیرے کی طرح بے رنگ چوکور کرسٹل میں۔ یہ فطرت میں بوراسائٹ، ڈیٹولائٹ، ٹورملین اور کچھ دیگر معدنیات میں بھی پایا جاتا ہے۔ اس کا جوہری عدد 5 ہے اور جوہری وزن 10.81 ہے۔

## مزید دیکھیے

تبادلۂ خیال:بورون

## حوالہ جات