# Abibrem

*Wɔakyerɛw nsɛm yi wɔ **Akuapem** kasa mu*

Wɔ wiase afanaa nyinaa **Abibirem** na ɛtɔ so mmienu a ɛso wɔ wiase. Ɛfa wiase no asaase bɛyɛ nnum. Ɛne nsuo akɛseɛ na atwa Ahyia. Yɛwɔ amaman aduonum nan(54) a yɛagye wɔn atom ne wɔn a wɔnnan obiara wɔ abibirem, ɛna ɔhamu nkyekyɛmu du nan akyirepɔ nson(14.7)a ɛyɛ (ɔpepepe baako, ahanu ne du nsia) (1.216) a nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ wiase te hɔ. Ɛyɛ beaɛ a nnipa a ɛdikan baa wiase tenaeɛ.

Afrika twa equator ne prime meridian ho. Mediterranea Po no atwa asasepɔn no ho ahyia wɔ atifi fam, Arabia Mprɛte ne Aqaba Po no wɔ atifi fam apuei, India Po no wɔ anafo fam apuei ne Atlantic Po no wɔ atɔe fam. France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, ne Yemen wɔ wɔn nsasesin no afa horow a ɛwɔ Afrika asase so, na ne fa kɛse no ara yɛ nsupɔw.

Madagascar ne nsupɔw ahorow ka asasepɔn no ho. Ɛwɔ aman 54 a wogye wɔn tom koraa, nkurow ne nsupɔw awotwe a ɛka aman a wɔnyɛ Afrikafo ho, ne aman abien a wɔde wɔn ho ankasa a wonnye ntom anaasɛ wonnye ntom koraa. Saa akontaabu yi nka Malta ne Sicily a asase ho adesua yɛ Afrika asasepɔn no fa no ho. Algeria yɛ Afrika man a ɛso sen biara wɔ ne kɛse mu, na Nigeria yɛ ne kɛse sen biara wɔ nnipa dodow mu. Afrika aman nam Afrika Aman Nkabom Kuo a n’adwumayɛbea ti wɔ Addis Ababa a wɔhyehyɛ no so yɛ biako.

Afrika yɛ abɔdeɛ a nkwa wom kɛseɛ; ɛyɛ asasepɔn a ɛwɔ megafauna ahodoɔ pii, ɛfiri sɛ Pleistocene megafauna a wɔyeraeɛ no annya so nkɛntɛnsoɔ kɛseɛ. Nanso, nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho nsɛm pii nso aka Afrika kɛse, a anhweatam a ɛresɛe, kwae a wotutu, nsu a ɛho yɛ na, ne efĩ ka ho. Wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho haw ahorow a agye ntini yi bɛsɛe kɛse bere a wim nsakrae ka Afrika no. Amanaman Nkabom Aban Ntam Bagua a Ɛhwɛ Wim Tebea Nsakrae So no akyerɛ sɛ Afrika ne asasepɔn a wim nsakrae betumi ayɛ mmerɛw kɛse.

Afrika, titiriw Afrika Apuei fam, yɛ nea wogye tom kɛse sɛ ɛhɔ na nnipa ne Hominidae kuw a wɔsan frɛ no akraman akɛse no fi bae. Wɔakyerɛ sɛ hominids ne wɔn nananom a wodii kan bae no bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 7 a atwam ni, na wogye di sɛ Homo sapiens (nnɛyi onipa) fii ase wɔ Afrika mfe 350,000 kosi 260,000 a atwam ni. Wɔ mfirihyia apem a ɛto so 4 ne 3 A.Y.B 3000 A.Y.B. kosi 500 Y.B. Afrika ahemman ahorow bi ne Wagadu, Mali, Songhai, Sokoto, Ife, Benin, Asante, Fatimidfo, Almoravidfo, Almohadfo, Ayyubidfo, Mamlukfo, Kongo, Mwene Muji, Luba, Lunda, Kitara, Aksum, Ethiopia, Adal, Ajuran, Kilwa, Sakalava, Imerina, Maravi, Mutapa, Rozvi, . Mthwakazi, ne Zulu kasa. Ɛmfa ho sɛ na aman na ɛwɔ hɔ kɛse no, na aman pii yɛ nnipa a wɔyɛ soronko na wonni aman. Nkoa aguadi maa nnipa ahorow a wɔatu akɔtra mmeae foforo bae, titiriw wɔ Amerika. Efi afeha a ɛto so 19 awiei kosi afeha a ɛto so 20 mfiase, a Mfiridwuma mu Ɔsesɛw a Ɛto so Abien no na ɛkanyan no, Europa aman dii Afrika fa kɛse no ara so nkonim ntɛmntɛm na wɔyɛɛ no ​​atubrafo, gye Ethiopia ne Liberia nkutoo. Europa nniso nyaa Afrika aman so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, na wɔhwɛɛ atubra aman so a atirimpɔw no ne sɛ wɔde sikasɛm mu nneɛma bedi dwuma na wɔanya abɔde mu nneɛma. Mprempren aman dodow no ara fi adeyɛ bi a wɔde yii atubrafo fii hɔ wɔ Wiase Ko II akyi, na wɔde Afrika Biakoyɛ Ahyehyɛde sii hɔ wɔ afe 1963 mu, a edii Afrika Aman Nkabom no anim. Aman a na wɔrefi ase no sii gyinae sɛ wɔbɛkora wɔn atubrafo ahye so, na wɔde atetesɛm mu tumi nhyehyɛe ahorow dii dwuma wɔ nniso mu wɔ akwan horow so.

Statue representing Africa at Palazzo Ferreria, in Valletta, Malta
## Etymology ho adesua

*Afri* yɛ Latin din a wɔde kyerɛ nnipa a wɔte baabi a saa bere no na wɔfrɛ no Afrika atifi fam, a ɛwɔ Nil asubɔnten no atɔe fam, na wɔ ne ntease a ɛtrɛw mu no, ɛkyerɛ nsase a ɛwɔ Mediterranea anafo fam nyinaa, a wɔsan frɛ no Tete Libya. Ɛte sɛ nea mfiase no na saa din yi kyerɛ Libya abusuakuw bi a wɔyɛ kurom hɔfo, a wɔyɛ nnɛyi Berberfo nana; hwɛ Terence ma nkɔmmɔbɔ. Na wɔtaa de edin no bata Foinike asɛmfua ʿafar a ɛkyerɛ "mfutuma" ho, nanso 1981 mu nsusuwii hunu bi asi so dua sɛ efi Berber asɛmfua ifri (dodow kabea ifran) a ɛkyerɛ "ɔbodan", a ɛfa abodan mufo ho. Wobetumi ahu asɛmfua koro no ara wɔ Banu Ifran a wofi Algeria ne Tripolitania, Berber abusuakuw bi a wofi Yafran (a wɔsan frɛ no Ifrane) wɔ Libya atifi fam atɔe, ne Ifrane kurow a ɛwɔ Morocco no din mu.

Wɔ Roma nniso ase no, Carthage bɛyɛɛ ɔmantam a saa bere no na wɔtoo din Africa Proconsularis no ahenkurow, wɔ nkonim a Roma dii wɔ Carthagefo so wɔ Punic Ko a Ɛto so Abiɛsa mu wɔ afe 146 A.Y.B., a na nnɛyi Libya mpoano fa nso ka ho no akyi. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobetumi de Latin asɛmfua -ica adi dwuma de akyerɛ asase bi (e.g., wɔ Celtica mu a efi Celtae mu, sɛnea Julius Caesar de dii dwuma no). Nkramofo mantam a ɛbaa akyiri yi a wɔfrɛ no Ifriqiya, bere a odii Byzantine (Apuei Fam Roma) Ahemman no Exarchatus Africae so nkonim akyi no nso kora din no bi so.

Sɛnea Romafo kyerɛ no, Afrika da Misraim atɔe fam, bere a na wɔde "Asia" di dwuma de kyerɛ Anatolia ne nsase a ɛwɔ apuei fam. Asase ho nimdefo Ptolemy (85–165 Y.B.) na ɔtwee nsonsonoe pɔtee bi sii nsasepɔn abien no ntam, na ɛkyerɛɛ Alexandria wɔ Prime Meridian ho na ɛmaa Suez supɔw ne Po Kɔkɔɔ no yɛɛ Asia ne Afrika hye. Bere a Europafo bɛtee asasepɔn no kɛse ankasa ase no, adwene a ɛne sɛ "Afrika" no trɛwee wɔ wɔn nimdeɛ mu.

Wɔde etymological hypotheses afoforo ahyɛ tete din "Africa" ​​no ho asɛm:

* Afeha a ɛto so 1 mu Yudani abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Flavius ​​Josephus (Ant. 1.15) sii so dua sɛ wɔde Epher, Abraham banana sɛnea Gen. 25:4 kyerɛ no, a ɔkyerɛe sɛ n’asefo tow hyɛɛ Libya so no din.
* Isidore a ofi Seville wɔ ne afeha a ɛto so 7 Etymologiae XIV.5.2. kyerɛ sɛ "Africa" ​​fi Latin kasa mu aprica, a ɛkyerɛ "owia bɔ".
* Massey, wɔ 1881 mu, kae sɛ wonya Afrika fii Misrifo af-rui-ka mu, a ɛkyerɛ "sɛ wɔbɛdan akɔ Ka no bue mu." Ka yɛ onipa biara ahoɔden mmɔho abien na "Ka no bue" kyerɛ awotwaa anaa awobea. Wɔ Misrifo fam no, na Afrika bɛyɛ “awobea.”.
* Michèle Fruyt wɔ afe 1976 mu hyɛɛ nyansa sɛ wɔmfa Latin asɛmfua no bata africus "anafo fam mframa" ho, a ɛbɛyɛ nea efi Umbria na ɛkyerɛ mfiase no "osu mframa".
* Robert R. Stieglitz a ɔwɔ Rutgers Sukuupɔn mu wɔ 1984 mu no de nyansahyɛ mae sɛ: "Edin Afrika a wonya fii Latin kasa mu \*Aphir-ic-a mu no ne Hebri kasa mu Ophir [‘ɔdefo’] wɔ abusuabɔ."
* Ibn Khallikan ne abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo afoforo bi ka sɛ Afrika din fi Himyarite hene bi a wɔfrɛ no Afrikin ibn Kais ibn Saifi ("Afrikus Abraham ba") a ɔbrɛɛ Ifriqiya ase.
* Arabic afrīqā (ɔbea edin) ne ifrīqiyā, a seesei wɔtaa bɔ afrīqiyā (ɔbea) ‘Africa’, a efi ‘afara [’ = ‘ain, ɛnyɛ ‘alif] ‘sɛ ɛbɛyɛ mfutuma’ a efi ‘akyirikyiri ‘mfutuma, powder’ ne ‘afir ‘ayow, owia ayow, ayow’ ne ‘affara ‘sɛ ɛbɛyow wɔ owia mu anhwea a ɛyɛ hyew’ anaasɛ ‘sɛ wɔde mfutuma bɛpetepete so’.
* Ebia Foinikefo faraqa wɔ ntease a ɛne ‘tubraman, mpaapaemu’ mu.

Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis nnompe bi a wohuu wɔ Ethiopia Afar Triangle wɔ
## Abakɔsεm

**Afrika Ho Abakɔsεm**

Sɛnea Afrika amansan ho nimdeɛ kyerɛ no, Afrika abakɔsɛm mu nhumu buu abakɔsɛm mu nsakrae ne nea ɛkɔ so, nhyehyɛe ne atirimpɔw wɔ onipa ne nea atwa ne ho ahyia, anyame, ne ne nananom nhyehyɛe mu, na na ogye di sɛ ɔyɛ honhom mu ade a edi mũ no fa. Wɔ Afrika aman mu no, abakɔsɛm mu adeyɛ no yɛ ɔmanfo de kɛse, a adansefo a wɔde wɔn ani huu nsɛm, nsɛm a wɔtee, nkae, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a anisoadehu, adaeso, ne nsusuwii hunu a wɔayɛ no ayɛ no asɛm a wɔde ano ka atetesɛm a wɔyɛ na wɔde ma wɔ awo ntoatoaso ahorow mu.

Wɔ atetesɛm a wɔde ano ka mu no ɛtɔ mmere bi a bere yɛ anansesɛm ne asetra mu ade, na na wobu nananom sɛ abakɔsɛm mu agoruyɛfo. Adwene ne nkae na ɛhyehyɛ atetesɛm, bere a nsɛm a esisi no yɛ tiawa bere tenten na ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ mu yɛ clichés.[53]: 11 Ano atetesɛm betumi ayɛ exoteric anaasɛ esoteric. Ɛkasa kyerɛ nkurɔfo sɛnea wɔn ntease te, na ɛda ne ho adi sɛnea wɔn aptitudes te. Wɔ Afrika nimdeɛ ho adesua mu no, nimdeɛ asɛmti no "nya nimdeɛ ade no mu osuahu wɔ nkate, nkate, nkate mu ntease, adwene mu ntease mu, sen sɛ ɛnam abstraction nkutoo so, sɛnea ɛte wɔ Atɔe Fam nimdeɛ mu" sɛ ebedu "complete epistemology mu nimdeɛ", na sɛnea ɛte no, wɔde ano atetesɛm, nnwom, mmɛ, ne nea ɛtete saa dii dwuma wɔ nimdeɛ a wɔkora so ne nea wɔde ma mu.

**Abakɔsɛm a edi kan**

Tetefo nnipa dodow no ara bu Afrika sɛ ɛyɛ asase a akyɛ sen biara a nnipa te wɔ Asase so, a Nnipa ahorow no fi asasepɔn no so. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 20 mfinimfini no, nnipa ho animdefo huu tetefo nneɛma pii ne adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ebia nnipa na wɔte hɔ mfe ɔpepem ason a atwam ni (Ansa na na ɛreba no, BP). Nnipa a wɔte sɛ akraman a wodii kan bae a wosusuw sɛ wɔdannan wɔn ho bɛyɛɛ nnɛyi nnipa, te sɛ *Australopithecus* *afarensis* a wɔde radiometric kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 3.9–3.0 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo, *Paranthropus boisei* (bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 2.3–1.4 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo) ne *Homo ergaster* (bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 1.9–600,000 BP) no na wɔahu.

*Homo sapiens* adannandi bɛyɛ mfeɛ 350,000 kɔsi 260,000 BP wɔ Afrika akyi no, na abɔmmɔfoɔ-aboaboafoɔ akuo na wɔte asasepɔn no so titire. Saa nnɛyi nnipa a wodi kan yi fii Afrika na wɔtraa wiase no fa a aka no mu wɔ Out of Africa II atutra a efi bɛyɛ mfe 50,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no mu, na wofii asasepɔn no so twaa Bab-el-Mandeb wɔ Po Kɔkɔɔ no so, Gibraltar Asubɔnten a ɛwɔ Morocco, anaa Isthmus of Suez wɔ Misraim.

Wɔakyerɛ sɛ nnɛyi nnipa afoforo a wɔatu akɔtra Afrika asasepɔn no so no yɛ saa bere no, na adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔtraa ase mfiase no wɔ Afrika Kesee Fam, Afrika Kesee Fam Apuei, Afrika Atifi fam, ne Sahara.

Lucy, Australopithecus afarensis nnompe bi a wohuu wɔ Ethiopia Afar Triangle wɔ
### Anibue

Wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, Sahara kɛse a ɛsakra kɛse, na ne mpɔtam sakra ntɛmntɛm na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyera gyina wiase nyinaa wim tebea so. Wɔ Nsukyenee mfeɛ no awieeɛ, a wɔbu akontaa sɛ na ɛyɛ bɛyɛ 10,500 A.Y.B. Nanso, wim tebea a na ɛyɛ hyew na ɛyɛ kusuu no kyerɛe sɛ ebeduu afe 5,000 A.Y.B. Bɛyɛ afe 3500 A.Y.B., ɛnam sɛ Asase no kyinhyia no dane nti, Sahara nyaa bere bi a ɛyɛ anhweatam ntɛmntɛm. Nnipa no nantew fii Sahara mantam no mu kɔɔ Nil Bon a ɛwɔ Cataract a Ɛto so Abien no ase baabi a wɔtraa hɔ daa anaasɛ wɔtraa hɔ daa fa bi no. Wim tebea mu ɔhaw kɛse bi bae, na ɛmaa osu a ano yɛ den na ɛkɔ so tɔ wɔ Afrika Mfinimfini ne Apuei fam no so tew. Efi saa bere yi no, ɔpɛ tebea akɔ so wɔ Afrika Apuei Fam, na ɛkɔɔ so kɛse wɔ mfe 200 a atwam no mu no, Ethiopia.

Anantwi a wɔyɛn wɔn wɔ afieboa mu wɔ Afrika no dii kuayɛ anim na ɛte sɛ nea na ɛwɔ hɔ ka abɔmmɔfo ne mmoa a wɔboaboa ano amammerɛ ho. Wɔkyerɛ sɛ ebeduu afe 6,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no, na wɔyɛn anantwi wɔ Afrika Atifi fam. Wɔ Sahara-Nile mpɔtam hɔ no, nkurɔfo yɛɛ mmoa pii fie, a afurum ne abirekyi ketewaa bi a ne mmɛn yɛ nkɔnsɔnkɔnsɔn a na abu so fi Algeria kosi Nubia ka ho. Wɔ afe 10,000 ne 9,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no, wɔde wɔn ho yɛɛ nkuku wɔ Mali mantam mu wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam sare so. Wɔ Sahara ne Sahel sare ne sare so wɔ Afrika Atifi Atɔe fam no, nnipa a ebia wɔyɛ nnɛyi Nilo-Sahara ne Mandé amammerɛ nananom fii ase boaboaa wuram atoko ano,bɛyɛ afe 8,000 kosi 6,000 A.Y.B. Akyiri yi, wɔboaboaa gourds, watermelons, castor beans, ne cotton nso ano. Wodii kan yɛɛ Sorghum wɔ fie wɔ Sudan Apuei fam bɛyɛ afe 4,000 A.Y.B., wɔ kuayɛ ho nsɛm a edi kan wɔ adesamma abakɔsɛm mu no biako mu. Na ne kua no bɛtrɛw nkakrankakra wɔ Afrika nyinaa, ansa na ɛretrɛw akɔ India bɛyɛ afe 2000 A.Y.B.

Nnipa a wɔatwa nnɛyi Mauritania ho ahyia fii ase yɛɛ nkuku na wosisii abo atrae (e.g., Tichitt, Oualata). Mpataayi, a wɔde harpoon a nnompe ano yɛ adwuma di dwuma no bɛyɛɛ adwuma titiriw wɔ nsubɔnten ne atare pii a osu a ɛtɔe a ɛkɔɔ soro no mu bae no mu. Wɔ Afrika Atɔe fam no, nsu a ɛtɔe no de kwae a osu tɔ na owia bɔ kɛse wom ne sare a nnua wɔ so fi Senegal kosii Cameroon bae. Wɔ 9,000 ne 5,000 A.Y.B. Wɔde peas a aniwa tuntum ne voandzeia (Afrika asase so nnuadewa), yɛɛ afieboa, na okra ne kola nnuaba dii akyi. Esiane sɛ afifide dodow no ara nyin wɔ kwae mu nti, wɔn a wɔka Niger–Congo kasa no yɛɛ abo agyan a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ a wɔde betutu kwae mu.

Bɛyɛ afe 4,000 ansa na wɔrewo Kristo no, Sahara wim tebea fii ase yɛɛ kusuu ntɛmntɛm dodo. Wim nsakrae yi maa atare ne nsubɔnten so tew kɛse na ɛmaa anhweatam yɛɛ kɛse. Eyi nso maa asase dodow a ɛfata sɛ wɔtra hɔ no so tew na ɛhyɛɛ akuafo atutra kɔɔ Afrika Atɔe fam wim tebea a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kɛse no ho nkuran. Wɔ mfirihyia apem a edi kan A.Y.B., wuram aburow dodow a ɛso tew a ɛfa wim tebea a ɛresakra ho no maa ɛyɛɛ mmerɛw sɛ wɔbɛtrɛw akuafo mpɔtam hɔ na wɔagye aburow a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm wɔ Niger Asubɔnten no ho.

Eduu mfirihyia apem a edi kan A.Y.B. Bɛyɛ saa bere no nso ɛde sii hɔ wɔ Afrika Sahara anafo fam mmeae bi, ɛnam nneɛma a wɔyɛe wɔ hɔ anaasɛ ɛtrɛw fii atifi fam na ɛyerae wɔ tebea horow a wonnim mu bɛyɛ afe 500 A.D., na ɛkɔɔ so bɛyɛ mfe 2,000,[83] na ebeduu afe 500 A.Y.B. Wɔde dade adwuma sii hɔ koraa bɛyɛ afe 500 A.Y.B. Wɔatutu kɔbere nneɛma a efi Egypt, Afrika Atifi fam, Nubia, ne Ethiopia a efi bɛyɛ afe 500 A.Y.B.

Ahoni keseε a εwɔ Misrim firi afe1400 BC.
### Afe 8 kɔpem afe 1800

Bibini a ɔte pɔnkɔ so
Asantefoɔ bayerε Afahyε
1803
### Nkoasom

Nkoasom nfoni
Areas of Africa under the sovereignty or influence of the colonial powers in 1913, along with modern borders.
  Belgium
  Germany
  Spain
  France
  United Kingdom
  Italy
  Portugal
  independent

### Post-colonial Africa

Mobutu Sese Seko,
Afrika Anaafo Asrafoɔ
### Wiemu Nsakraeε

Afrika
### Mmoadɔm

Savanna at Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania
Tropical beach in Trou-aux-Biches, Mauritius
## Amanwɔsεm

### Abibiman Nakbomu Kuo

Kuro a εwɔ Abibiman Nkabom Kuo mu
## Kasa Ahodoɔ

## Amamerε

### Agodie

## εsom

|  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| The Holy Trinity Cathedral, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia | The Great Mosque of Kairouan, founded in 670, is the oldest mosque in North Africa; it is located in Kairouan, Tunisia | Vodun altar in Abomey, Benin | National Church of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria | A map showing religious distribution in Africa |

* Kristoman
* African Pentecostalism

## Ahyeε

## Nhwehwεmu