# Igiris

Flag of United Kingdom-Kwo-ci Ingkoku(英國國旗)
# United Kingdom（英國）

Gaga kska Owcow ka United kingdom, 54 00 N, 2 00 W ka gaga na nniqan.
Kana ka knlbangan na o 243,610 sq km（hangan na o Tg80）
(knlbanga dxgal o 241,930 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 1,680 sq km).
Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 64,430,428 hiyi.
Gaga London ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 0 idas 0 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan.
Manu ka dxgal United kingdom ga wada sugan 71% ka dxgal qpahan, 11.90% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 17.10% na.

File:Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom.svg
Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Charles III

cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

# Ingkoku （英國）

File:Europe-UK (orthographic projection).svg
Tndxran Ingkoku mi miyah kingal murux bay tnayus dxral qnlhangan ka Tudaya Ireland, msdalih qnlhangan Ireland Konghkwo. Ingkoku u qriyan Tasiyang, tunarac ka Tudaya Ucilung, tuhunac ka Ucilung English, tuiwil hunac mquri hunac ka Ucilung Kyalt, tuhuy Ireland mkspaw Ucilung Ireland. Knkana knbeyhing dxral qnlhangan Ingkoku u 243,610 pinghwang km (94,060 pinghwang ingri), kiya tu80 knbuwan knbeyhing dxral knkana pusu biyax qnlangan mi tu11 bnkuwan knbeyhing dxral Oco na pusu biyax qnlhangan, ya bay 6636 knbkiyan knhbrawan hiyi sediq, knkana qnlangan tu21 bnkuwan mi tu3 bnkuwan Oco.

## Ri-s (歷史)

### Pusu tyawmu: Ryeynho Wangkwo Rikisi, Puryeytyeyn Cyuntaw Rikisi, Ta Ingtikwomi Ta Ingkwosyey.

Sani mita: Ingkoku Cyunwang, Splawa Ingkoku Wangsu, Ndanan Mccbu Ingkoku, Ndanan England, Ndanan Wales, Ndanan Scotland mi Ndanan Ireland.

| File:British Empire.svg | Ndanan tndxral Ta Ing Tikwo. | 歷史上的大英帝國領土。 |
| --- | --- | --- |

Mniq kcka dxral Ingkoku saya, ssediq mnniq hini mncbiyaw balay u malu dhqun mhraw ya bay 78 knbkiyan kngkawas na England, mniq England sndiyal qnbsyaqan bay buc sediq u malu bhraun dhuq 50 knbkiyan kngkawas brah. Jiday sediq saya mniq Smudal Btunux Jiday thiti mnniq hhiya, kiya mi tnpusu mniq hiya u 6000 kngkawas balay ka pnhyuwan dha. Tuhunac Puryeytyeyn saya, kiya ka knkana England mi Wales, mnRoma Tikwo 1 Singsng uri han.

| File:Commonwealth of Nations.svg | Ta Ing Kwosyey na pantu. | 大英國協的版圖 |
| --- | --- | --- |

Kngkawas 2019 idas 12 diyax 20, giying u 358 hyo mi 234 hyo wada muda, kndadax kngkawas 2020 idas 1 diyax 31 prading mlatac Omong.

## Ti-ri（地理)

| File:Uk topo en.jpg | Juga lnlingay hnyuwan Ingkoku. | 英國地形圖 |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Pusu tyawmu: Lnlingay dxral Ingkoku.

Knkana balay knbeyhing dxral Ingkoku pa ya bay 243,610 km (94,060 pinghwang ingri). Kiya kana ka nniqan Puryeytyeyn Cyuntaw, kcka niya u kiya ka knkana Turyeyntyeyn Taw, tunarac daya Ireland Taw (knbeyhing dxral Ireland Taw 1/6) mi duma mtqiri Puryeytyeyn Cyuntaw na tiping tawyu. Wa mniq iyax tudaya Tasiyang mi Ucilung Tudaya ka Ingkoku, tunarac hunac mkngahu ucilung u mquri France, msdalih tudaya mkngahu France 35km (22 ingri), kcka u wada psnakan Ucilung English, kiya u niqan 14 dxral ka wa mniq nganguc icil qnlangan ini pntna nniqan. Spuda ndanan smpu kngkawas 1993, 10％ dxral qnlhangan Ingkoku u lmiqu, kcka niya u 46％ ka ngalan tmabu tnbuwan, kiya mi niqan 25％ ka ngalan qqpahan pnwalang. London Greenwich Tyeynwentay ka Pncu Cuwuseyng na pnrdingan.

## Karc（氣候）

Ingkoku u wa mniq congwey, tnkawas dndulan bwihur tuiwil, muda hini ka muxul bwihur tudaya Tasiyang, tnkawas muxul mi ou quyux, kiya ka Muxul Ucilung Sing Kngkawas. Tnkawas knskuy karac u uka hari ka -11C°, uka hari ka kntlxan hmrinas 35C° uri. Idas 7 pndkanan kntlxan karac u 13℃-17℃. To bay snpeyyah tuiwil daya miyuk ka bwihur, madas knhuriq karac Tasiyang, tunarac u wa mniq tuiwil bwihur na nniqan msbukuy bwihur, so kiya tunarac nniqan u rmabang kndnguwan nniqan tuiwil. Rbawan cida knmuxul niya balay u wa mniq tuhunac England, alaw hiya u truma hari weytu niya mi mbiyax ka Mtilux Taw Alang Mkbrnux Syawing, kiya mi knskuy niya nniqan u kiya ka tubaraw weytu ka tudaya Scotland. Misan mi hana srwasaw dxral tubaraw u to bay beyhing huda.

## Ceng-c（政治）

### Pusu tyawmu: Seyji Ingkoku.

Sani mita: Tangpay Ingkoku, Seyhu Ingkoku mi Neyko Ingkoku.

| File:Elizabeth II greets NASA GSFC employees, May 8, 2007 edit.jpg | Saya bukung qridin Ingkoku mi bukung Ta Ingkwosyey Elizabeth 2su. | 現今英國女王及大英國協領袖伊莉莎白二世 |
| File:Yukiya Amano with Boris Johnson in London - 2018 (41099455635) (cropped).jpg | Ingkoku sosyang saya Alexander Boris de Pfeffel Johnson. | 現任英國首相亞歷山大 鮑里斯 德菲弗爾·強森 |

| File:Hdr parliament.jpg | Nniqan Ingkoku Kwohuy, wa mniq London mkngahu Yayung Thames Siminkong. | 英國國會所在地，位於倫敦泰晤士河畔的西敏宮 |

Ingkoku u dmuwi Pnwaya Bukung Phiyu Keyngpo ka waya muda qmlahang qnlhangan, bukung qridin Elizabeth 2su ka Ingkoku mi15 Ta Ingkwosyey ntumal niya qnlhangan na weynso qnlhangan, mquri Jersey Taw, Man Taw mi Guernsey Taw na dxral bukung u niqan biyax qmlahang, mniq hangan pa, ddxral bukung niyi u uxay na Ryeynho Wangkwo kiya, binaw spuda seyhu Ryeyho Wangkwo qmlahang mi knkana kwohwang mi uuda waycyaw uri, kiya ka spuda Ryeynho Wangkwo Gikay ka muda psdhu waya kana ddxral bukung niyi.

## Horicu（法律）

### Pusu tyawmu: Keyngpo Ingkoku.

Ingkoku ka knkana qnlangan 4 uka mndungus bay keyngpu na qnlhangan uri, keyngpo Ingkoku sunca pa, kiya ka kingal knkana lxanan waya mi seyji ticu na waya cngwen, waya lhayan mi kwanri na pnspuwan lmngaw. Balay bay keyngpo Ingkoku u kiya ka snquri balay bay psbalay syakay seyji knkana Ingkoku, kiya ka ndanan knpriyux uuda seyji ou kbkuy Ingkoku, uxay nsaya pnhiyu patas horicu. So kiya Keyngpo Ingkoku mi Talu hwasi u ini pntna. Ingkoku saya u snturung quri uuda snburah knpriyux keyngpo. Ingkoku u muda putong waya.

## Sing-cng Cyu-hwa（行政區劃）

### Pusu tyawmu: Ingkoku Sngcng Cyuhwa.

England英格蘭

Scotland 蘇格蘭

Wales威爾斯

Tudaya Ireland北愛爾蘭

Ryeynho Wangkwo knkingal pnspuwan qnlhangan u niqan nanaq, snpeyyah ini pspuwan Ryeynho Wangkwo brah cida ka pnwaya qqlahang dha, singcng cyuhwa. So kiya Ingkoku u uka ‘Knkana Qnlhangan Singcng Sitong’. Dhuq 19 th, singcng sitong u kiya hana niqan tikuh knpriyux. Binaw, knpriyux niyi pa ini uda knpriyux qmlahang sitong Scotland mi Wales mi England, ana so hiti uri u, qqlahang sitong u uka brahan pskngalan uri.

| **Pnspuwan Qnlhangan** | **Sohu** | **Knbeyhing dxral** | **Knhbrawan hiyi sediq** |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| England | London Su | 130,420 | 53,012,456 |
| Scotland | Edinburgh Su | 77,933 | 5,313,600 |
| Wales | Cardiff Su | 20,779 | 3,063,456 |
| Tudaya Ireland | Belfast Su | 14,130 | 1,810,863 |

| **Ingkoku Singcng Cyuhwa** |
| --- |
| **Qnlhangan Pusu Biyax** | Ingkoku (Ta Puryeytyeyn mi Tudaya Ireland Ryeynho Wangkwo) |
| **Biyax Qmlahang Horicu** | England mi Wales (Pnwaya Horicu England) | Pnwaya Horicu Tudaya Ireland | Pnwaya Horicu Scotland |
| **Pnsliyan Qnlhangan** | England (Singcng cyuhwa) | Wales (Singcng cyuhwa) | Wales (Singcng cyuhwa) | Tudaya Ireland (Singcng cyuhwa) | Scotland (Singcng cyuhwa) |
| **Ta Cyu** | Beyhing London | Tongci Cyuyu | Tongci Cyuyu |
| **Tubaraw** | London Cng | London Cyun | Tuhuy Cyun | Uxay Tuhuy Cyun | Pskingal Qmlahang Cyu ‘Uxay Tuhuy Cyun Cyu’ | Tukubeycu qnlhangan
Sili Cyuntaw  | ‘Pusu nniqan’ pskingal hwa | ‘Singcngcyu’Pskingal hwa | ‘Giyikay Cyu’Pskingal hwa |
| **Turahuc** |
| **Cyaw Cyu** | Fang | Mingcng Cyaw Cyu | Mincng Cyaw Cyu ‘Socyu | Mincng Cyaw Cyu | Mincng Cya Cyu ‘Socyu’ |
| **Congwey Cyu（Uxay singcng Cyu** | Mingyu Cyun | Rnngiyan Cyun | Cyun+2Cyun Cucu Su Cn | Congwey Cyu |

## Waycyaw(外交)

### Pusu tyawmu: Waycyaw Ingkoku.

Waycyaw mi Kwosyey Suwupu ka Ingkoku waycyaw cukwan pumn. Mniq 19th dhuq 20th prading Ta Ing Tikwo cida, Ingkoku mnniqan bay biyax dndulan niya qnlhangan. Saya pa ida kiya mniq UN Anrihuy 5 Cangjn Riji Qnlhangan uri ka Ingkoku, kiya wada tumal G7, G8, G20, NATO, OECD, WTO pssliyan kwoci, kiya mi mniq kcka Ta Ing Kwosyey u wada niqan balay biyax dndulan niya.

## Cyun-su(軍事)

### Pusu tyawmu: Heytay Ingkoku.

| File:HMS Queen Elizabeth.jpg | Ingkoku Hwancya Heytay Ucilung Elizabeth Bukung Qridin Ci na Elizabeth Bukung Qridin Haw, kiya ka burah bay hangkong mucyeyn heytay Ingkoku. | 英國皇家海軍伊麗莎白女王級的伊麗莎白女王號，是英軍最新的的航空母艦。 |
| --- | --- | --- |

Ingkoku u pnsltudan cyusu knbeyhing qnlhangan. Knbeyhing bay tongsway heytay Ingkoku ka Bukung Ingkoku; tongring Tudxral, Tucilung, Tukarac tu3 butay. Ingkoku Tudxral, Tucilung, Tukarac tu3 butay, spuda Ingkoku Kwohwangpu kwohwang weyyeynhuy (Defence Council of the United Kingdom) qmlahang.

## Cing-ci（經濟）

### Pusu tyawmu: Keyjay Ingkoku.

| File:The City London.jpg | London ka knkana qnlangan 3 knbeyhing cinjong congsin uri. | 倫敦是全世界三大金融中心之一。 |
| File:London.bankofengland.arp.jpg | Ginhang Englang. | 英格蘭銀行 |

## Congsu（綜述）

Ingkoku ka pusu balay mawyi suti, beyhing qnlhangan keyjay mi cinjong congsin, kiya ka knkana qnlangan tu5 knbeyhing cingcitisi, kiya ka knkana qnlangan qnbliqan mi keyjay mrana balay knbaraw bay mndungus kndusan na qnlhangan uri. Mniq cbiyaw iyax 30 kngkawas, seyhu u wada knou bay lihan dha cucan na qnlhangan, kiya mi muda mlih syakay snbliqan keykaku pkrana. 18th cida pneyyah tndxral tiping mugi prading ini baka Tudaya Mey Co knhnuk ka tiping mugi, malax knou bay pnhuma dha beyhing mugi, knou bay snpeyyah Mey Co cinko pnhuma pnwalang, kndudul mquri qqpahan tnbuwan ddapa mi mmiric ka pusu balay, kiya mi mssupu balay, knbaraw balay kikayhwa, mndungus balay: 1% rawtong jnko malu pttuku ya bay 60% ddiyun uuqun.

| File:Oil platform in the North SeaPros.jpg | Ucilung Tudaya qpahan gasoring. | 北海油田 |
| --- | --- | --- |

## Ppanan sediq mi hmaqun qqiya（運輸)

| File:Terminal 5 at London Heathrow Airport, 2008.jpg | London Ppanan Skoki Heathrow tu5 hangsya. Kiya ka knkana qnlangan mtbiyax balay ka ppanan skoki
niyi.  | 倫敦希斯洛機場第5航廈。該機場是世界上最繁忙、運量名列前茅的機場之一。 |
| File:Routemaster Bus, Piccadilly Circus.jpg | Mbanah basu London. | 倫敦紅色巴士 |

### Pusu tyawmu: Ppanan rulu Ingkoku.

Cyawtong wang Ingkoku pa kiya pnspuwan ppanan rulu, ppanan skoki, ppanan kisya mi ppanan asu, mslxan bay ka ppanan rulu pa kiya madas pkrana keyjay na lxanan. Ana so iyax Ingkoku knkingal alang mkbrnux, kcka alang mkbrnux, kiya uri u tuhuy Oco Talu mi duma nniqan qnlangan u, niqan ppanan tucilung mi ppanan tudxral mi ppanan tukarac ou kluwanan pnwaluk kana.

## Quri Pila（貨幣）

Pusu tyawmu: Ingpang

Ingpang (pnskraya: £) ka hangan pila ddiyun qnlhangan Ingkoku.

## Knhbrawan hiyi sediq（人口）

### Pusu tyawmu: Knhbrawan hiyi sediq.

| File:Population density UK 2011 census.png | Mitu knhbrawan hiyi sediq Ingkoku (Ndan smpu kngkawas 2011). | 英國人口密度 (2011年普查) |
| --- | --- | --- |

Jnko Cincuta (Ndan smpu kngkawas 2011).

| **Snaw**  | **Kngkawas**  | **Qridin**  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 2,075 | **100+** | 10,193 |
| 19,756 | **95-99** | 73,195 |
| 104,072 | **90-94** | 264,353 |
| 324,063 | **85-89** | 594,280 |
| 615,163 | **80-84** | 883,733 |
| 903,433 | **75-79** | 1,102,586 |
| 1,162,621 | **70-74** | 1,300,124 |
| 1,463,355 | **65-69** | 1,554,125 |
| 1,868,912 | **60-64** | 1,939,062 |
| 1,785,598 | **55-59** | 1,828,480 |
| 2,028,748 | **50-54** | 2,065,706 |
| 2,293,572 | **45-49** | 2,349,528 |
| 2,283,902 | **40-44** | 2,341,733 |
| 2,082,310 | **35-39** | 2,112,167 |
| 2,059,312 | **30-34** | 2,066,137 |
| 2,145,054 | **25-29** | 2,161,286 |
| 2,164,141 | **20-24** | 2,133,057 |
| 2,040,725 | **15-19** | 1,955,727 |
| 1,878,838 | **10-14** | 1,790,488 |
| 1,799,999 | **5-9** | 1,716,616 |
| 2,002,494 | **0-4** | 1,911,459 |

Spuda knburah balay smnpu, knhbrawan hiyi sediq Ingkoku u dhuq 6513 knbkiyan, kcka niya u 1/3 ka mnniq tunarac hunac pu England (sotu London daw niqan 860 knbkiyan). Spuda nniqan muda psanak pa, kcka sediq Englad u 83.9%; sediq Scotland 8.4%; kiya mi niqan sediq Wales 4.8% nina mi sediq Tudaya Ireland ka 2.9%.

Dhuq kngkawas 2019, knhbrawan hiyi sediq Ingkoku u niqan 66,959,016 hiyi sediq, kngkawas u ini khrinas 1% ka knrana niya.

## Kari（語言）

```
Pusu tyawmu: Skari Ingkoku mi Ingsu kari Ingkoku.
```

Ingkoku hangan u uka ddiyun kari seyhu, balay bay u dmuwi kari eygo ka pusu balay srngaw dha kari. Spuda snpuwan dha pa, 95% sediq Ingkoku u skari eygo ka srngaw dha kari kddiyax.

Mniq England pa, laqi muyas u kasi ka muda smluhay tu2 kari, dhuq 14 kngkawas. Kari France mi kari Doicu ka stusa balay tu2 kari England mi Scotland. Kana laqi muyas Wales u malu smruwa tmsa kari Wales ka ngalan tu2 kari na kyoiku.

## Alang mkbrnux（城市）

### Pusu tyawmu: Bnkuwan patas alang mkbrnux Ingkoku mi bnkuwan knhbrawan hiyisediq alang mkbrnux Ingkoku.

| Tnbkuwan knbeyhing alang mkbrnux Ingkoku
Ndan smpu knhbrawan hiyi sediq kngkawas 2011.  |
| --- |
|  | Bnkuwan | Hangan alang mkbrnux | Tuhuy Cyu | Knhbrawan hiyi sediq | Tnbkuwan | Hangan alang mkbrnux | Tuhuy Cyu | Knhbrawan hiyi sediq |  |
| File:London from a hot air balloon.jpgLondon | 1 | London | BeyhingLondon | 8,416,535 | 11 | Bristol | Bristol Tuhuy Cyu | 551,066 | File:Manchester from the Sky, 2008.jpgManchester |
| 2 | Birmingham | Tuiwil Midlands Tuhuy Cyu | 2,284,093 | 12 | Brighton | Brighton/ Worthing/ Little | 461,181 |
| File:Birmingham Skyline from Bartley Green.jpgBirmingham | 3 | Manchester | BeyhingManchester | 2,240,230 | 13 | Portsmouth | Portsmouth Tuhuy Cyu | 442,252 | RitzFile:Leedsnight.jpg |
| 4 | Ritz | Tuiwil Yorkshire
Tuhuy Cyu  | 1,499,465 | 14 | Leiceste Tuhuy Cyu | Leiceste Tuhuy Cyu | 441,213 |  |
| 5 | Glasgow | Taglasgow | 1,199,629 | 15 | Edinburgh | Edinburgh | 420,893 |  |
| 6 | BurahCastle | Tyneside | 879,996 | 16 | Duo Shi Tuhuy Cyu | Duo Shi Tuhuy Cyu | 383,713 |  |
| 7 | Liverpool | Liverpool Thuycyu | 816,216 | 17 | Redding/Wokingham Tuhuy Cyu | Redding/ Wokingham Tuhuy Cyu | 369,804 |  |
| 8 | Nottingham | Nottingham Tuhuy Cyu | 666,358 | 18 | Teesside | Teesside | 365,323 |  |
| 9 | Sheffield | Sheffield Tuhuy Cyu | 640,720 | 19 | Pottery Tuhuy Cyu | Pottery Tuhuy Cyu | 362,403 |  |
| 10 | Belfast | Belfast Tuhuy Cyu | 579,554 | 20 | Cardiff Tuhuy Cyu | Cardiff Tuhuy Cyu | 340,214 |  |

## Slhayan snhiyan（宗教）

| File:Westminster Abbey - West Door.jpg | Knkana Bukung Ingkoku to bay mniq Siminster muda psdhu phiyu. | 歷任英國君主皆於西敏加冕。 |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Pusu tyawmu: Slhayan snhiyan Ingkoku mi Slhayan qnlhangan Ingkoku.

Kngkawas 2016 Muslim u ya bay knkana knhbrawan hiyi sediq Ingkoku na 6.3%, sediq mnthdil kcka Ingkoku mi Muslim knbaraw mtuting laqi ryu u kiya ka dmudul pkrana knhbrawan hiyi sediq Muslim.

## Ttgsa（教育）

| File:KingsCollegeChapelWest.jpg | Pyasan sweyweyn Kwowang, mnPyasan Tubeyhing Cambridge uri, pnhiyu kngkawas
1209.  | 國王學院，劍橋大學的一部分，於1209年成立 |
| --- | --- | --- |

### Pusu tuawmu: Kyoiku Ingkoku, Pyasan tubeyhing Ingkoku mi Bnkuwan patas pyasan tubeyhing Ingkoku.

Kyoiku Ingkoku u sbuway dha truma ka biyax. Quri so kcka qnlhangan pnspuwan Ryeynho Wangkwo, ini pntna kana ka kyoiku sitong, ini pntna seyhu ka qmlahang uri: Seyhu Ingkoku seykining nniqan kyoiku England, seyhu Wales ka seykining kyoiku nniqan Wales, seyhu Scotland u seykinin kyoiku nniqan Scotland, Singcngcyu Tudaya Ireland (Northern Ireland Executive) ka seykining kyoiku nniqan Tudaya Ireland. Ana so wada dha subway trahuc ka biyax, binaw knkingal pnsliyan qnlhangan na kyoiku sitong u ida niqan ou bay pntna niya; laqi tiring Ingkoku u 5 kngkawas daw prading muyas da, 16 kngkawas tumal putong cngtu patas pnsdhuwan skeyng (GCSE) uxay daw Scotland mndungus cngci patas pnsdhuwan skeyng, 18 tumal tubaraw ci cngtu patas pnsdhuwan skeyng (GCE A-level) uxay daw Scotland cincyey patas pnsdhuwan skeyng. Dhiya u to bay dhuq pyasan tubeyhing uxay daw pyasan tubraw kyoiku sweyweyn lmutuc muyas dungan.

## Pqita narux（醫療）

| File:Royal Aberdeen Children's Hospital.jpg | Scotland Hwangcya Aberdeen byoing laqi tiping. | 蘇格蘭皇家亞伯丁兒童醫院 |
| --- | --- | --- |

Ingkoku u niqan knbeyhing bay mndungus pqita narux, snpeyyah kngkawas 1981 prading, sediq Ingkoku yuci knudus u kawas kawas kndudul mrana, kngkawas 2017 dhuq kngkawas 2019, yuci knudus snaw ka 79.4 kngkawas, qridin ka 83.1 kngkawas.

## Bungka（文化）

### Pusu tyawmu: Bungka Ingkoku.

Bungka Ingkoku u wada dndulan Mtrawah Mincu, Tawkwo, Beyhing Qnlhangan mi Snlhayan Snhiyan. Ingkoku u spuda England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland 4 nniqan pnspuwan, 4 nniqa u to bay niqan nanaq tukubeycu luhay dha mi pnskraya dha nanaq uri. Quri so pnsltudan Ingkoku pa uxay mnO Co, binaw wada dndulan balay bungka Oco ka Ingkoku, 2 niyi pspuwan pkrana daw wada mbungka Quri Tuiwil.

## Wen-swey（文學）

### Pusu tyawmu: Wenswey Ingkoku.

Weyswey Ingkoku uxay daw Puryeytyeyn Wenswey (British literature) ka quri so bnatas weyswey Ingkoku. Pnkrana weyswey u lmutuc cbiyaw Scotland mi England pnsltudan wenswey, kiya ka knkana mncbiyaw Kari Celtic, Anglo Saxon wenswey. Quri so rikisi, Ingkoku mniq ini pntna jiday u kiya ka knkana Englangd, Scotland, Wales, Tudaya Ireland, Man Taw mi Haysya Cyutaw ddxral niyi, so kiya Ingkoku weyswey u uxay wada kari Ingkoku, niqan ou kluwan kari wenswey uri.

### Wensweycya（文學家）

| File:Shakespeare.jpg | Alaw smnku niya u tu1 Chandos kongcwey, kiya ka wada dha ngalan ‘Juga Dqras Chandos’ ka Juga Dqras Willliam Shakespeare, wada mnngalan murux bay juga dqras mundus cida ka Willliam Shakespeare, saya u wa skuwan kcka Qnlhangan Syawsyangkwan. | 因為收藏者是第一任錢多斯公爵，而被稱為「錢多斯畫像」的威廉·莎士比亞畫像，曾一度被認為是唯一一幅莎士比亞還在世時就繪製的肖像畫，現收藏於國家肖像館中。 |
| File:Elgin Marbles British Museum.jpg | Ta Ing Powukwan. | 大英博物館 |

Ingkoku u niqan ou bay niqan hnhangan niya wensweycya, brah balay rmirih cwocya u niqan Joeso, Willliam Shakespeare mi John Milton. 18th cbiyaw Ingkoku wenswey u splawa dha Augustus wenswey. Cida u bbatas uyas u mkbalay balay (Mray so Alexander Pope). Ingkoku Syawswo u prading ryosing uri da, mtutuy ka Daniel Defoe na “Robinson Crusoe”, Henry Fielding na “Tom Jones”, kiya mi Samuel Richardson na “Pamela”.

## Ti-yu（體育）

### Pusu tyawmu: Tiyu Ingkoku.

| File:Wembley Stadium, illuminated.jpg | London Wembley Ssanan Cnbu Boru, kiya ka rikisi knkrayan bay smnluwan tiyu cangkwan uri. | 倫敦的溫布利球場，是有史以來造價最昂貴的體育場館之一。 |
| --- | --- | --- |

Lngkoku ka tiyu beyhing qnlhangan, mtur boru, boru dapa dmay, Ingsu tmana boru, pancyo, ubal boru, pingpong undo u snpeyyah Ingkoku kana. Kcka niya mtur boru ka tu1 undo Ingkoku, quri so mniq England, Scotlangd mi Tudaya Ireland u kiya ka undo skxlun dha balay, qnlhangan mtur boru dayhyo tuy ida so spruwan bay mita mi dkuhun dha bay sediq qnlhangan. Uxay wana sediq qnlhangan ka snkuxul mtur boru, seyhu mi dhuq Wangsu u ngalan dha pskingal tiyu undo uri, krinah balay ngalan dha knkana qnlhangan, minjoku na pnskrana bungka uri.

London ka Rbawan Olympic Undokay mnou bay yahan muda na alang mkbrnux, kngkawas 1908 mi kngkawas 1948, London u mniq kngkawas 2012 mn3 mangal biyax muda Olympic Undokay.

Ingkoku mniq beyhing kwoci congho undokay na cngci:

Rbawan Olympic Undokay: 263King 295Ging 289Dong 847 ka snadu (O Co tu1, qnlangan tu3).

Misan Olympic Undokay: 10King 4Ging 12Dong 26 ka snadu ( O Co tu14, qnlangan tu19).

Rbawan Beyhing Undokay: 62King 95Ging 101Dong 258 ka snadu (O Co tu10, qnlangan tu15).

Undokay: 47King 49Ging 66Dong 162 ka snadu (O Co tu5, qnlangan tu6).

Misan Beyhing Undokay: 3King 6Ging 3Dong 12 ka snadu (O Co tu21, qnlangan tu28).

Rbawan Mbbiyax Olympic Undokay: 3King 1Ging 5Dong 9 ka snadu (O Co tu9, qnlangan tu17).

Qnlangan Upwo Undokay: 1King 3Ging 4 ka snadu (O Co tu15, qnlangan tu24).

Misan Mbbiyax Olympic Undokay: 1Ging 1 ka snadu (O Co tu17, qnlangan tu24).

## Coswey Ssyang（哲學思想）

### Ssyangcya(思想家)

* John Locke, kawas niyi u pusa kari 3 biyax psnakan seyji cosweycya.
* Thoms More, kongsyang syakay cuyi na dayhyo sediq.
* Robert Owen, kongsyang syakay cuyi na dayhyo sediq.
* Bernard Bosanquet, Ingkoku Weysin Cuyi na dayhyo sediq.
* Francis Bacon, sanwen cwocya, coswecya, seyjicya, kiya ka kutyeyn cingyeyn na pusu balay sediq.
* David Hume, cosweycya, keyjay sweycya, rikisi sweycya.
* Adam Smith, keyjay sweycya, cosweycya, dayhyo sunca “Kwofurwen”.

## Mey-ti（媒體）

| File:Bbc broadcasting house front.jpg | Wa mniq London ka BBC Pradiyo Beyhing Sapah (Broadcasting House), kiya ka Ingkoku Pradiyo Kojyo Congpu. | 位於倫敦的BBC廣播大樓（Broadcasting House），是英國廣播公司總部。 |
| --- | --- | --- |

Ingkoku Pradiyo Kojyo, pnhiyu kngkawas 1922, kiya ka Ingkoku kongkong pradiyo ciko, kiya ka knkana qnlangan rikisi qnbsiyaq mi knbeyhing bay congho qpahan mpradiyo niya, pndungus deyntay, treybi mi uuda wangci wangru.

Ingkoku Dukuricu Treybitay, pnhiyu kngkawas 1955, kiya ka Ingkoku tu2 knbeyhing useyng treybi cingingsang.

Ingkoku T4tay, pnhiyu kngkawas 1982, kiya ka Ingkoku tu4 treybitay.

Uxay wana niyi, niqan Ingkoku Tu5tay, Ingkoku Karac Baraw Pradiyo mi UKTV ptreybi cyeymu.

## Inggaku（音樂）

Pusu tyawmu: Inggaku Ingkoku.

Jiday saya Ingkoku u niqan ou balay kluwanan inggaku bungka. Kutetn Inggaku, pneyyah Ingkoku niqan hnhangan na cyawsyang weytwan u kiya ka BBC Cyawsyang Weytwan, Hwangcya Aywey Weytwan, Aywey Weytwan, London Cyawsyang Weytwan, kiya mi London Aywey Weytwan uri. Nniqan bay hnhangan mpsalu uyas niya u niqan Purcell, Elgar, Holst, Vaughan Williams mi Andrew Lloyd Webber uri.

## Mmahun mi uuqun（飲食）

Pusu tyawmu: Mmahun mi uuqun.

Mmahun mi uuqun Ingkoku u ana so pdkanan duma qnlhangan O Co u mslxan ka Ingkoku, binaw uqan mrbu Ingsu mi duma qnlhangan O Co psdkanun qmita pa mndungus balay kiya. Ingkoku ryawri pnsltudan snbeyhing mita knux nanaq uuqun. Kiya u klaun balay qnlangan ka mmahun mi uuqun Ingkoku u kiya ka Uqun Mrbu Ingsu mi Uqan Kman Kurusmasu. Sediq Tnpusu Celtic minjoku u kiya ka niqan nanaq ddiyun dha balay kddiyax uuqun pnhuma mi ccamac qqpahan pnwalang, kiya mi Norman ka wada qmlahang England daw wada madas ou balay kluwan kndadax icil. Ta Ing Tikwo na nuda qmlahang u wada madas mbiyax bay knux malu sknxan mi iyu spriq ka sama India u dsanan dha Ingkoku uri.

## Jaysang hniti qnlangan（世界遺產）

（補照片）

* Kalenavon kongyeycyu cingkwan.

* Blenheim Kong
* Canterbury
* Gwynedd
* Bath
* Cornwall mi Tuiwil German kwangcyu cingkwan
* Ayu Yayung Derwent kongyeycyu.
* Dorset mi Mkngahu Ucilung Tunarac German
* Durham
* Dweriq Roman Tikwo
* Giant Titaw
* Burah Btunux Jiday Orkney na congsin
* Ayu Xiluy Hakaw
* Liverpool
* Burah Lanark
* Ddaun Qsiya Pantcysyllte
* St Kilda Taw
* Saltaire
* Stonehenge, Avebury mi Ssiyaw Hniti Ratuc Beyhing Btasil
* Stasley Hwangcya Kongweyn
* London
* Hakaw Forth
* Langu Cyu
* Mkngahu Yayung Zorrel Tyeynwentay

Hniti jaysang qnlangan tndxral Ingkoku: Mbanah ka hniti jaysang bungka, msama ka jaysang hniti ida nkiya, tmkarac ka jaysang hniti huho (St Kilda Taw). Duma hangan lihan mnlngu juga. London u kiya ka knkanna nniqan mkngahu ucilung Greenwich, London Kew Hwangcya Qqhuni Weyn mi Londonta, Siminster Kongtyeyn mi Pnrhulan mi Pnrhulan St Margaret.

Dhuq kngkawas 2020, tndxral Ingkoku mi dxral nganguc icil pa kana balay u 32 ka ida nkiya uxay daw hniti tuqar u wada tbkuwan pniq “Bntasan Patas Jaysang Hniti Qnlangan”, kcka niya u England ka 18, Scotland ka 5, Wells ka 3, Tudaya Ireland ka 1, kiya u niqan 1 ka pnspuwan England mi Scotland kiya, dxral wa mniq nganguc icil ka Bermuda, Gibraltar, Pitcairn Cyuntaw mi St. Helena pn1 nniqan. Ingkoku mwaya bay jaysang hniti qnlangan u kiya ka knkana ‘Elu Beyhing Sediq’ mi mkngahu ucilung niya, Knbeyhing Pnrhulan Durham mi Cngpaw, Hakaw XiluyGeorge Cyu, Stadley Hwangcya Kongweyn mi Hniti Tuqar Fountains Abbey, Stonehenge, Avebury mi Ssiyaw niya hniti tuqar Beyhing Btasil, kiya mi Castles mi Town Walls Bukung Edward Gwynedd, to bay mniq kngkawas wada mangal. Mthiti mangal niya ka England Jodrell Mkngahu Yayung Tyeynwentay, mniq kngkawas 2019 idas 7 cida ka wada malan pusa hangan.

## Diyax Smsung mi Sngayan.（節日假期）

| **Diyax sngayan** |
| --- |
| **Diyax** | Hangan telu | **Hangan Tndxlan** | **Nmalan kari** |
| Idas 1 diyax1 | Diyax smsung burah kngkawas | New Year's Day |  |
| Diyax 1 diyax 2 | Tu2 diyax smsung burah kngkawas | The Day following New Year's Day | Wada ddiyun mniq Scotland. |
| Idas 3 diyax 17 | Diyax smsung Sng Paycweyk | St. Patrick's Day | Diyax Smsung Teys kyo, wada ddiyun mniq Tudaya Lreland. |
| Ini pskingal diyax | Diyax qnlqilan Yesu | Good Friday | Diyax Smsung Tntuyan Yesu brah na tu5 diyax iyax sngayan |
| Ini pskingal diyax | Diyax Smsung Tntuyan Hnqilan Yesu Tu1 diyax sngayan | Easter Monday | Babaw Srwasaw tu1 mttuku idas tu1 diyax iyax sngayan, ini dungus ddiyun nniqan Scotland. |
| Ini pskingal diyax | Diyax Idas 5 Sngayan | Early May Bank Holiday | Diyax Smsung idas 5 tu1 diyax iyax sngayan. |
| Ini pskingal diyax | Diyax Smsung Sngayan Srwasaw | Spring Bank Holiday | Diyax Smsung idas 5 tu1 diyax iyax sngayan hiti balay |
| Idas 7 diyax 12 | Diyax Smsung Orange | Orangemen's Day（Battle of the Boyne's Day） | Wana nanaq dungus ddiyun Tudaya Ireland. |
| Ini pskingal diyax | Diyax Smsung SngayanRbawan | Summer Bank Holiday | Idas 8 hiti balay tu1 diyaxiyax sngayan. |
| Idas 11 diyax 5 | Bonfire Kman | Guy Fawkes Night | Uxay bnkuwan diyax sngayan seyhu. |
| Idas 12 diyax 25 | Diyax Smsung Mqaras Pntingan Yesu | Christmas Day |  |
| Idas 12 | Diyax Smsung Rmawah | Boxing Day |  |
| Idas 12 diyax 26 | Omiyagey. |  |  |

### Nmalan kara

1. Quri so nmalan kari (qtayi nmalan kari 1 bnkuwan) pa, tubaraw niya diyax sngayan u ddiyun quri nniqan dxral England, Wells, Scotland mi Tudaya Ireland.
2. Dyax sngayan u spuda Tudaya Ireland Ddaun Uuda Tacng (**Secretary of State for Northern Ireland**) ka muda pkla ka mndungus na balay.

## Pnyahan pnatas(資料來源)

* CIA
* 外交部
* Tnhjil kari seejiq Watan Diro(瓦旦 吉洛) mtabug.
* List of current heads of state and government