# Çiğdem

| *Crocus* |
| --- |
|  |
| Korunma durumu |
| *Değerlendirilmedi* (IUCN 3.1) |
| Biyolojik sınıflandırma  |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Âlem: | Plantae
 |
| Şube: | Tracheophyta
 |
| Sınıf: | Liliopsida
 |
| Takım: | Asparagales
 |
| Familya: | Iridaceae
 |
| Cins: | Crocus L. |

 |
| Sinonimler |
| * *Crociris* - Schur
* *Geanthus* - Raf.
* *Safran* - Medik.
 |

Crocus veya **Çiğdem**, Iridaceae familyasına bağlı bir bitki cinsidir.

## Taksonomi

Crocus cinsine bağlı türler (2024):

1. *Crocus abantensis*
2. *Crocus abracteolus*
3. *Crocus adami*
4. *Crocus adamioides*
5. *Crocus adanensis*
6. *Crocus aerius*
7. *Crocus akdagensis*
8. *Crocus akkayaensis*
9. *Crocus alatavicus*
10. *Crocus albocoronatus*
11. *Crocus aleppicus*
12. *Crocus alexandri*
13. *Crocus almehensis*
14. *Crocus ancyrensis*
15. *Crocus angustifolius*
16. *Crocus antalyensioides*
17. *Crocus antalyensis*
18. *Crocus antherotes*
19. *Crocus arizelus*
20. *Crocus armeniensis*
21. *Crocus artvinensis*
22. *Crocus asumaniae*
23. *Crocus athous*
24. *Crocus atrospermus*
25. *Crocus atticus*
26. *Crocus autranii*
27. *Crocus autumnalis*
28. *Crocus babadagensis*
29. *Crocus balansae*
30. *Crocus banaticus*
31. *Crocus baytopiorum*
32. *Crocus berytius*
33. *Crocus beydaglarensis*
34. *Crocus bifloriformis*
35. *Crocus biflorus*
36. *Crocus boissieri*
37. *Crocus boryi*
38. *Crocus boulosii*
39. *Crocus bowlesianus*
40. *Crocus brachyfilus*
41. *Crocus caelestis*
42. *Crocus calanthus*
43. *Crocus cambessedesii*
44. *Crocus cancellatus*
45. *Crocus candidus*
46. *Crocus caricus*
47. *Crocus carpetanus*
48. *Crocus cartwrightianus*
49. *Crocus caspius*
50. *Crocus chrysanthus*
51. *Crocus cilicius*
52. *Crocus clusii*
53. *Crocus coloreus*
54. *Crocus concinnus*
55. *Crocus corsicus*
56. *Crocus crewei*
57. *Crocus croceus*
58. *Crocus cvijicii*
59. *Crocus cyprius*
60. *Crocus dalmaticus*
61. *Crocus damascenus*
62. *Crocus danfordiae*
63. *Crocus danubensis*
64. *Crocus demirizianus*
65. *Crocus dilekyarensis*
66. *Crocus dispathaceus*
67. *Crocus duncanii*
68. *Crocus duplex*
69. *Crocus etruscus*
70. *Crocus fauseri*
71. *Crocus fibroannulatus*
72. *Crocus filis-maculatis*
73. *Crocus flavus*
74. *Crocus fleischeri*
75. *Crocus fritschii*
76. *Crocus gargaricus*
77. *Crocus geghartii*
78. *Crocus gembosii*
79. *Crocus georgei*
80. *Crocus gilanicus*
81. *Crocus gotoburgensis*
82. *Crocus goulimyi*
83. *Crocus graveolens*
84. *Crocus gunae*
85. *Crocus hadriaticus*
86. *Crocus hartmannianus*
87. *Crocus haussknechtii*
88. *Crocus hermoneus*
89. *Crocus heuffelianus*
90. *Crocus hittiticus*
91. *Crocus hybridus*
92. *Crocus hyemalis*
93. *Crocus ilvensis*
94. *Crocus imperati*
95. *Crocus incognitus*
96. *Crocus ionopharynx*
97. *Crocus iranicus*
98. *Crocus isauricus*
99. *Crocus jablanicensis*
100. *Crocus jessoppiae*
101. *Crocus kangalensis*
102. *Crocus karamanensis*
103. *Crocus karduchorum*
104. *Crocus kartaldagensis*
105. *Crocus katrancensis*
106. *Crocus kerndorffiorum*
107. *Crocus kofudagensis*
108. *Crocus korolkowii*
109. *Crocus kosaninii*
110. *Crocus kotschyanus*
111. *Crocus laevigatus*
112. *Crocus lazicus*
113. *Crocus leichtlinii*
114. *Crocus leucostylosus*
115. *Crocus lifloris*
116. *Crocus ligusticus*
117. *Crocus longiflorus*
118. *Crocus luteus*
119. *Crocus lyciotauricus*
120. *Crocus lycius*
121. *Crocus lydius*
122. *Crocus malatyensis*
123. *Crocus malyi*
124. *Crocus marasensis*
125. *Crocus mathewii*
126. *Crocus mawii*
127. *Crocus mazziaricus*
128. *Crocus mediotauricus*
129. *Crocus melantherus*
130. *Crocus mersinensis*
131. *Crocus michelsonii*
132. *Crocus micranthus*
133. *Crocus minimus*
134. *Crocus minutus*
135. *Crocus moabiticus*
136. *Crocus mouradi*
137. *Crocus multicostatus*
138. *Crocus munzurense*
139. *Crocus musagecitii*
140. *Crocus mysius*
141. *Crocus naqabensis*
142. *Crocus neapolitanus*
143. *Crocus neglectus*
144. *Crocus nerimaniae*
145. *Crocus nevadensis*
146. *Crocus nivalis*
147. *Crocus niveus*
148. *Crocus novicii*
149. *Crocus nubigena*
150. *Crocus nudiflorus*
151. *Crocus ochroleucus*
152. *Crocus olivieri*
153. *Crocus oreocreticus*
154. *Crocus oreogenus*
155. *Crocus orphei*
156. *Crocus pallasii*
157. *Crocus pamphylicus*
158. *Crocus paschei*
159. *Crocus pelistericus*
160. *Crocus pelitensis*
161. *Crocus pestalozzae*
162. *Crocus ponticus*
163. *Crocus pseudonubigena*
164. *Crocus pulchellus*
165. *Crocus pulchricolor*
166. *Crocus punctatus*
167. *Crocus puringii*
168. *Crocus rechingeri*
169. *Crocus reinhardii*
170. *Crocus reticulatus*
171. *Crocus rhodensis*
172. *Crocus robertianus*
173. *Crocus romuleoides*
174. *Crocus rujanensis*
175. *Crocus sakaltutanensis*
176. *Crocus salurdagensis*
177. *Crocus salzmannii*
178. *Crocus sativus*
179. *Crocus scardicus*
180. *Crocus scharojanii*
181. *Crocus schneideri*
182. *Crocus siculus*
183. *Crocus sieberi*
184. *Crocus sieheanus*
185. *Crocus simavensis*
186. *Crocus sivasensis*
187. *Crocus sozenii*
188. *Crocus speciosus*
189. *Crocus stevensii*
190. *Crocus striatulus*
191. *Crocus stridii*
192. *Crocus suaveolens*
193. *Crocus suworowianus*
194. *Crocus tahtaliensis*
195. *Crocus taseliensis*
196. *Crocus tauri*
197. *Crocus tauricus*
198. *Crocus thirkeanus*
199. *Crocus thomasii*
200. *Crocus thracicus*
201. *Crocus tommasinianus*
202. *Crocus tournefortii*
203. *Crocus vallicola*
204. *Crocus variegatus*
205. *Crocus veluchensis*
206. *Crocus veneris*
207. *Crocus vernus*
208. *Crocus versicolor*
209. *Crocus vitellinus*
210. *Crocus wattiorum*
211. *Crocus weldenii*
212. *Crocus xanthosus*
213. *Crocus yakarianus*
214. *Crocus yaseminiae*
215. *Crocus yataganensis*
216. *Crocus zetterlundii*
217. *Crocus ziyaretensis*
218. *Crocus zubovii*

## Dağılım ve habitat

Akdeniz ve Kuzey Afrika'dan orta ve güney Avrupa'ya, Orta Doğu'dan Asya'ya ve Çin'in batısına doğru dağılım gösterir. Çoğu türü Türkiye'ye özgüdür ve diğer bölgelere tanıtılmıştır.

## Galeri

* *Crocus alatavicus*
* *Crocus aleppicus*
* *Crocus ancyrensis*
* *Crocus banaticus*
* *Crocus biflorus*
* *Crocus cancellatus*
* *Crocus carpetanus*
* *Crocus cartwrightianus*
* *Crocus caspius*
* *Crocus chrysanthus*
* *Crocus corsicus*
* *Crocus etruscus*
* *Crocus flavus*
* *Crocus goulimyi*
* *Crocus graveolens*
* *Crocus hyemalis*
* *Crocus imperati*
* *Crocus kotschyanus*
* *Crocus laevigatus*
* *Crocus longiflorus*
* *Crocus malyi*
* *Crocus minimus*
* *Crocus nevadensis*
* *Crocus nudiflorus*
* *Crocus olivieri*
* *Crocus pallasii*
* *Crocus pulchellus*
* *Crocus serotinus clusii*
* *Crocus serotinus salzmannii*
* *Crocus scharojanii*
* *Crocus tournefortii*
* *Crocus versicolor*
*
*
*
*
*

## Konuyla ilgili yayınlar

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* Caiola, Maria Grilli; Faoro, Franco (2011). "Latent virus infections in Crocus sativus and Crocus cartwrightianus". *Phytopathologia Mediterranea*. **50** (2): 175-182. JSTOR 26458691.
* Challenger, Charlie (March 1986). "The Pleasures of Crocus". *The New Zealand Garden Journal (Journal of the Royal New Zealand Institute of Horticulture)*. **1** (1): 12-17.
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* Day, Jo (2011). "Crocuses in context: A Diachronic Survey of the Crocus Motif in the Aegean Bronze Age". *Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens*. **80** (3): 337. doi:10.2972/hesperia.80.3.0337.
* Dewan, Rachel (2015). "Bronze Age Flower Power: The Minoan Use and Social Significance of Saffron and Crocus Flowers" (PDF). *Chronika*. **5**: 42-55.
* Harrison, Richard G.; Larson, Erica L. (1 Aralık 2014). "Hybridization, Introgression, and the Nature of Species Boundaries". *Journal of Heredity*. **105** (S1): 795-809. doi:10.1093/jhered/esu033. PMID 25149255.
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* Kandeler, R.; Ullrich, W. R. (25 Kasım 2008). "Symbolism of plants: examples of European-Mediterranean culture presented with biology and history of art: JANUARY: Crocus". *Journal of Experimental Botany*. **60** (1): 6-8. doi:10.1093/jxb/ern360. PMID 19213723.
* Mathew, Brian (1986). "George Maw and his monograph". *The Kew Magazine*. **3** (4): 186-189. JSTOR 45066517.
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* Pastor-Férriz, Teresa; De-los-Mozos-Pascual, Marcelino; Renau-Morata, Begoña; Nebauer, Sergio G.; Sanchis, Enrique; Busconi, Matteo; Fernández, José-Antonio; Kamenetsky, Rina; Molina, Rosa V. (3 Mart 2021). "Ongoing Evolution in the Genus Crocus: Diversity of Flowering Strategies on the Way to Hysteranthy". *Plants*. **10** (3): 477. doi:10.3390/plants10030477 . PMC 7999489 . PMID 33802494.
* Rix, Alison (May 2008). "George Maw, Joseph Hooker and the genus Crocus". *Curtis's Botanical Magazine*. **25** (2): 176-187. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8748.2008.00616.x.
* Rudall, Paula; Mathew, Brian (1990). "Leaf Anatomy in Crocus (Iridaceae)". *Kew Bulletin*. **45** (3): 535-544. doi:10.2307/4110516. JSTOR 4110516.
* Sharifi, G. (January 2010). "Etymology, history and application of saffron (Crocus sativus l.) in ancient Iran". *Acta Horticulturae* (850): 309-314. doi:10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.850.53.
* Trakoli, Anna (16 Haziran 2021). "Minoan Art, The 'Saffron Gatherers', c1650 BC". *Occupational Medicine*. **71** (3): 124-126. doi:10.1093/occmed/kqab019 .
* Rana, Yudhvir (20 Haziran 2021). "Himachal Pradesh set for commercial cultivation of saffron". *The Times of India*. Erişim tarihi: 13 Ocak 2022.
* Harpke, Dörte; Kerndorff, Helmut; Raca, Irena; Pasche, Erich (23 Eylül 2017). "A New Serbian Endemic Species Of The Genus Crocus (Iridaceae)". *Biologica Nyssana*. **8** (1): 7-13. doi:10.5281/zenodo.962907.
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* Kerndorff, H; Pasche, E; Blattner, FR; Harpke, D (2013). "Fourteen New Species of Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae) from West, South-West and South-Central Turkey" (PDF). *Stapfia*. **99**: 145-158.
* Miljković, Milica; Ranđelović, Vladimir; Harpke, Dörte (9 Haziran 2016). "A new species of Crocus (Iridaceae) from southern Albania (SW Balkan Peninsula)". *Phytotaxa*. **265** (1): 39-49. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.265.1.3.
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* Raca, Irena; Harpke, Dörte; Shuka, Lulëzim; Ranđelović, Vladimir (19 Ekim 2020). "A new species of Crocus ser. Verni (Iridaceae) with 2 n = 12 chromosomes from the Balkans". *Plant Biosystems*. **156**: 36-42. doi:10.1080/11263504.2020.1829735.
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* Baker, John Gilbert (1874). "A Classified Synonymic List of all the Known Crocuses, with their Native Countries, and References to the Works where they are Figured". *Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London*. **4** (14): 111-119.
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* Aronsson, Mora (2004) Thomas Karlssons Kärlväxtlista

## Kaynakça

## Dış bağlantılar

* European Commission (2022). "Krokos Kozanis PDO". *Food, Farming, Fisheries: EU Quality Food and Drink*. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ocak 2022.
* "Elenco delle specie - Genere: Crocus - Famiglia: Iridaceae". *Flora Italiana*. 2022. Erişim tarihi: 5 Ocak 2022.
* Harris, Stephen (2022). "Crocus species (Iridaceae)". *Oxford University Plants 400*. Department of Plant Sciences, Oxford University. Erişim tarihi: 8 Ocak 2022.
* Porcher, Michel H. (25 Haziran 2013). "Sorting Crocus names". *Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database*. Department of Agriculture and Food Systems, Melbourne School of Land and Environment, University of Melbourne. Erişim tarihi: 22 Ocak 2022.
* Boland, Todd (20 Eylül 2008). "Crocus to Brighten the Spring Garden". *Dave's Garden*. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2022.
* NCBI (2022a). "CID 5281233, Crocin". *PubChem*. Bethesda MD: National Library of Medicine. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ocak 2022.
* NCBI (2022b). "CID 5281232, Crocetin". *PubChem*. Bethesda MD: National Library of Medicine. Erişim tarihi: 24 Ocak 2022.
* "Distribution area of the genus Crocus subdivided into five different geographic regions (A-E)". *Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution* (Map). **66** (3): 617-627: Supplementary material. March 2013.
* IBS. "Crocus". International Bulb Society. 3 Eylül 2013 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 15 Ocak 2022.
* PBS (5 Mart 2021). "Crocus". *Photographs and Information*. Erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2022.
* Bowles (2022). "Crocus Collection". *E. A. Bowles of Myddelton House Society*. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2022.
* Lonsdale, John. "Crocus". *The Lonsdale Collection*. The Alpine Garden. 25 Şubat 2014 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2022.
* Lonsdale, John (2022). "Crocuses". *The Lonsdsale Garden*. Edgewood Gardens. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2022.
* Goode, Tony (2022). "Crocus Pages". Alpine Garden Society. Erişim tarihi: 23 Ocak 2022.
* "*Crocus*". *World Checklist of Selected Plant Families*. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Erişim tarihi: 4 Ocak 2022.
	+ Crocus türleri listesi
* Çin florası
	+ Zhao, Yu-tang; Noltie, Henry J.; Mathew, Brian F. (2004). "Crocus Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 36. 1753". s. 313. Erişim tarihi: 6 Ocak 2022. , in Flora of China online vol. 24
	+ Wencai, Wang; Bartholomew, Bruce (2004). "Pulsatilla Miller, Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4. [1136]. 1754". s. 329. Erişim tarihi: 10 Ocak 2022. , in Flora of China online vol. 6
* Ali, S. I.; Mathew, Brian (2011). "Crocus L". *Flora of Pakistan*. Missouri Botanical Garden. 7 Ocak 2022 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 7 Ocak 2022.
* GBIF. "Crocus L". 7 Haziran 2017 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi. Erişim tarihi: 9 Ocak 2022.
* Wikimedia Commons'ta **Çiğdem** ile ilgili çoklu ortam belgeleri bulunur.
* Vikitür'de Çiğdem ile ilgili ayrıntılı taksonomik bilgiler bulunur.