# toki Inli majuna

| toki Inli majuna/toki Enli
 *Englisċ anu Ænglisċ* |
| --- |
|  |
| ni li sitelen lon lipu musi pi jan Pejowa. ona li sitelen pi "ofer hron rade", "sewi nasin pi kala suli (telo suli)". ni li jo e ilo sitelen Kenin (toki Inli majuna la "Kenning"), ni li ilo sitelen pi wan e nimi tu tawa sona wan |
| ma | ma Juke |
| kulupu toki | Palata Elopa
* Kemani
	+ Kemani lon ma pi pini suno
		- Inkajewone
			* Anli Pisiki
				+ Anli
					- toki Inli majuna
 |
| nanpa toki |
| ISO 639-2 | `ang` |
| ISO 639-3 | `ang` |
| Glottolog | `olde1238` |

**toki Inli majuna** (toki Inli majuna la "*Englisc*" anu "*Ænglisc*", [ˈeŋɡliʃ] anu [ˈæŋɡliʃ]) li toki moli, ona li toki mama pi kulupu toki Anli kin. nimi "*Englisc*" en nimi "*Ænglisc*" li wan e nimi "*Ængle*" (nimi pi jan Inli), e nimi kipisi "-isc" (nimi kipisi toki).

## sitelen

toki Inli majuna li kepeken e nasin sitelen Lasina. sitelen ni li sitelen kepeken: **a æ b c d ð e f ȝ h i l m n o p r s t u ƿ x y þ**.

sitelen pi toki Inli majuna| sitelen suli | sitelen lili | nimi sitelen | kalama sitelen |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| A | a | a | [ɑ/ɑː]a |
| Æ | æ | æsc | [æ/æː]a |
| B | b | be | [b/v] |
| C | c | ce | [k/tʃ] |
| D | d | de | [d] |
| Ð | ð | eð | [θ/ð] |
| E | e | e | [e/eː]a |
| F | f | eff | [f/v] |
| Ȝ | ȝ | ȝoȝ | [g/ɣ/j/dʒ] |
| H | h | há | [h/ç/x] |
| I | i | i | [ɪ/iː]a |
| L | l | ell | [l] |
| M | m | emm | [m] |
| N | n | enn | [n/ŋ] |
| O | o | o | [o/oː]a |
| P | p | pe | [p] |
| R | r | err | [r] |
| S | ſ | eſſ | [s/z] |
| T | t | te | [t] |
| U | u | u | [u]a |
| Ƿ | ƿ | ƿynn | [w] |
| X | x | ex | [ks/xs/çs] |
| Y | y | yr | [y/yː]a |
| Þ | þ | þorn | [θ/ð] |

^a tenpo ni la, jan li ken sitelen e kalama pi tenpo suli kepeken sitelen palisa (ā/ǣ/ē/ī/ō/ū/ȳ).

## kalama

### kalama pini

ni li kalama pini pi toki Inli majuna.

|  | open uta | kiwen uta | nena uta | monsi nena uta | sewi kiwen | sewi ko | lupa |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| nena sinpin | m |  | n |  |  | (ŋ) |  |
| pini toki | p b |  | t d | tʃ (dʒ) |  | k (g) |  |
| pini kon | f (v) | θ (ð) | s (z) | ʃ | (ç) | x ɣ | (h) |
| poka nena uta |  |  | l (l̥) r (r̥) |  | j | (ʍ) w |  |

kalama lon insa pi sitelen sike ("(z)") li kalama ante ala pi kalama ante:

* /j/ li [dʒ] lon monsi pi kalama [n], anu ona li kalama tu.
* /n/ li [ŋ] lon sinpin pi kalama [k] anu kalama [g].
* /f, θ, s/ li [v, ð, z] lon insa kalama open tu anu kalama pi toki suli.
* /x/ li [h] lon sinpin nimi, en ona li [ç] lon monsi kalama open sinpin.
* /ɣ/ li [g] lon monsi /n/ anu ona li kalama tu.
* /l, r, w/ li [l̥, r̥, ʍ] lon monsi [h] lon insa kulupu kalama sama /#xl, #xr, #xw/.

ni li sama mute toki Inli pi tenpo ni, taso [ç, x, ɣ, l̥, n̥, r̥] (en jan mute la [ʍ]) li weka, /v, ð, z, dʒ, ʒ, ŋ/ li lon kin.

### kalama open

ni li kalama open pi toki Inli majuna.

kalama open pi kalama wan|  | sinpin | monsi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| sike ala | sike |
| sewi | ɪ iː | y yː | u uː |
| insa | e eː |  | o oː |
| anpa | æ æː |  | ɑ ɑː (ɒ) |

/ɑ/ li [ɒ] lon kulupu kalama suli lon kalama pi nena sinpin (/n, m/). jan li sitelen sama ⟨a⟩ anu ⟨o⟩.

kalama open pi kalama tu|  | tenpo lili | tenpo suli |
| --- | --- | --- |
| sewi | iy̯ | iːy̯ |
| insa | eo̯ | eːo̯ |
| anpa | æɑ̯ | æːɑ̯ |

### ante kalama

ante kalama pi toki Inli majuna li ni:

* [ɑ(ː)] li ante tawa [æ(ː)] lon sinpin kalama pi nena sinpin ala.
* kalama pi kalama tu [ai] li ante tawa kalama pi kalama wan.
* lili la kalama open pi kalama wan li ante tawa kalama open pi kalama tu.
* [k], [ɡ], [ɣ], [sk] li ante tawa [tʃ], [dʒ], [j], [ʃ] lon poka kalama open sinpin.
* ante pi kalama /i/ (ni la, toki Inli la "soweli lili wan" li "mouse", taso "soweli lili mute" li "mice" en ona li "\*mouses" ala).

## lawa toki

lawa toki pi toki Inli majuna li ante mute lon toki Inli; ni tan lawa toki pi toki Inli majuna li ante e nimi mute. toki Inli la, "mi lukin e ilo tawa telo" li "I see a boat" (nimi pi lipu nimi li "I", "see", "a", "boat"), taso toki Inli majuna la, "mi lukin e ilo tawa telo" li "iċ seah sċip" (nimi pi lipu nimi li "iċ", "seón", "sċip").

### nimi ijo

toki Inli majuna li ante mute e nimi ijo. toki ni li jo kipisi tu wan pi nimi ijo en kipisi luka pali pi nimi ijo.

#### kule nimi

nimi ijo li kule tu wan pi toki mama Palata Elopa: ni li mije, li meli, li meso. nimi ijo ale li mije anu meli anu meso; nimi pi toki e ijo li ante tawa kule pi nimi ijo. toki Inli majuna la nimi "ni" li nimi "sē" pi nimi ijo mije; nimi "ni" li nimi "sēo" pi nimi ijo meli; nimi "ni" li nimi "þæt" pi nimi ijo meso. monsi pi nimi pi toki e ijo li ante: *hring* ("sike luka") li mije, en *cuppe* ("poki telo") li meli, sike luka pi kiwen jelo li *gylden hring* taso poki telo pi kiwen jelo li *gylden**u** cuppe.*

nimi pi nanpa lili li jo ala e kule toki pi kule ona ala; taso, ona li lon, ni la nimi *mæȝden* li meso ("jan meli lili").

##### kipisi nimi pi ante tawa meli

tenpo mute la, toki Inli li jo e nimi tu pi jan; nimi wan pi jan ale, en nimi wan pi jan meli. jan li kepeken nimi kipisi mute meli.

* nimi mije anu meli la, jan li kepeken *-en*. *god* ("jan sewi") → *gyden* ("jan sewi meli"), *ielf* ("jan lili nasa") → *ielfen* ("jan lili nasa meli"), *þeȝn* ("jan anpa") → *þiȝnen* ("jan anpa meli").
* *-estre* li sama *-ere* en *-end*, ni li kipisi nimi pi jan pali, taso *-estre* li meli. *sangere* ("jan pi kalama musi") → *sangestre* ("jan meli pi kalama musi"), *lufiend* ("jan olin") →*lufestre* ("jan olin meli"), *bæcere* ("jan pan") → *bæcestre* ("jan pan meli").
* *-e* li sama *-a*, taso ni li meli. *-a* en *-e* li kipisi nimi pi sona ala anu ona li kisipi nimi ante pi jan pali. *wyrhta* ("jan pali") → *wyrhte* ("jan pali meli"), *foregenȝa* ("jan pi tenpo tawa") → *foregenȝe* ("jan meli pi tenpo tawa").

#### ilo nimi

toki Inli majuna li sama e toki Keman ante; ona li jo e nimi ilo luka. ni li nimi pali en nimi pilin en nimi jo en nimi tawa en nimi kepeken.

* **nimi pali**: ni li ijo anu jan pi pali e ijo. *Hē* *lufode hiē* ("ona li olin e ona"), *þæt mæȝden rann* ("jan meli ni li tawa"). nimi lon poka jasima pi nimi "li" li nimi pali kin. lipu *wyrd is eall* ("pini li ale") la, "pini" en "ale" li nimi pali.
* **nimi pilin**: ijo pi nimi pali li pali e. *Hē lufode hiē* ("ona li olin e ona"), *sē ridda ācwealde þone dracan* ("jan utala pi len kiwen li utala e soweli wawa suli pi kon seli").
* **nimi jo**: ni li ijo pi jo e ijo. *Ȝesawe þū þæs hundes bān?* ("sina alasa ala alasa e pali kiwen soweli?").
* **nimi tawa**: ni li ijo pi ijo li pali tawa. *Iċ sealde hire þone beall* ("mi pana e ijo sike tawa ona").
* **nimi kepeken**: ni li nimi pi ijo pali li pali kepeken. *Hwæl mē meahte mid āne sleȝe besenċan oþþe ofslēan* ("kala suli li ken pakala e mi kepeken utala wan").

#### kulupu nimi

nasin sama la nimi ale li ante tawa nanpa en ilo. taso, nimi ijo ale li lon kulupu wan; kulupu luka tu wan li lon, kulupu ale li jo e kipisi nimi ante kin.

##### kulupu A

kulupu nimi a li kulupu pi nimi mute. ona li mije anu meso. ona li kulupu A tan toki mama Keman la monsi ona li -*az* (mije) anu *-ą* (meso). taso, toki Inli majuna la ona tu li weka. nimi mije en nimi meso li ante lon nimi pali/pilin mute taso kin.

nimi mije ale pi kulupu A li sama. taso, nimi meso tu pi kulupu A li lon: ilo pali/pilin la mute li jo e kipisi nimi *-u* (nimi "lili"), taso ante li jo ala e kipisi nimi (nimi "suli").

kipisi nimi pi kulupu A|  | nimi mije
*hund*, "soweli" | nimi meso |
| --- | --- | --- |
| nimi meso lili
*sċip*, "ilo tawa telo"  | nimi meso suli
*hūs*, "tomo" |
| wan | mute | wan | mute | wan | mute |
| nimi pali/pilin | hund | hund**as** | sċip | sċip**u** | hūs | hūs |
| nimi jo | hund**es** | hund**a** | sċip**es** | sċip**a** | hūs**es** | hūs**a** |
| nimi tawa | hund**e** | hund**um** | sċip**e** | sċip**um** | hūs**e** | hūs**um** |

##### kulupu Ō

kulupu Ō li jo e nimi mute kin. nimi ale pi kulupu Ō li meli.

kulupu Ō li jo e "Ō" tan toki mama Keman la monsi ona li *-ō*, taso toki Inli majuna la ni li ante tawa *-u* anu ni li weka. nimi pali wan la, nimi kulupu Ō "lili" li jo e *-u*, taso nimi kulupu Ō "suli" li jo ala e *-u*.

kipisi nimi pi kulupu Ō|  | nimi "lili"
*ȝiefu*, "ijo pana" | nimi "suli"
*rād*, "tawa lon sewi" |
| --- | --- | --- |
| wan | mute | wan | mute |
| nimi pali | ȝief**u** | ȝief**a** | rād | rād**a** |
| nimi pilin | ȝief**e** | ȝief**a**, **-e** | rād**e** | rād**a**, **-e** |
| nimi jo | ȝief**a** | rād**a** |
| nimi tawa | ȝief**um** | rād**um** |

##### kulupu N

nimi pi kulupu N li ken kule ale, taso nimi pi nanpa lili li meso: *ēage* ("lukin") en *ēare* ("kute") en *wange* ("sinpin lawa") en nimi pi monsi e ni (*þunwange*, "tomo sewi lawa"). nimi ante pi kulupu N li kulupu lili, tan kipisi nimi li "lili"; nimi ijo mute li jo e *-an* lon monsi.

nimi mije pi kulupu N en nimi meli pi kulupu N li sama, taso nimi wan pali la nimi mije li jo e *-a* lon monsi en nimi meli li jo e *-e* lon monsi.

kipisi nimi pi kulupu N|  | nimi mije
*mōna*, "mun" | nimi meli
*sunne*, "suno" | nimi meso
*ēage*, "lukin" |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| wan | mute | wan | mute | wan | mute |
| nimi pali | mōn**a** | mōn**an** | sunn**e** | sunn**an** | ēag**e** | ēag**an** |
| nimi pilin | mōn**an** | sunn**an** |
| nimi jo | mōn**ena** | sunn**ena** | ēag**an** | ēag**ena** |
| nimi tawa | mōn**um** | sunn**um** | ēag**um** |

##### kulupu I

kulupu I li jo e "I" tan toki mama Keman la ona li jo e *-iz* lon monsi, taso toki Inli majuna la, ni li ante tawa *-e* (lon nimi "lili") anu ni li weka (lon nimi "suli"). nimi ni li kule ala, taso nimi meso pi kulupu I li jo e nanpa lili.

lipu pi toki Inli majuna la, kulupu ni li wan e kulupu ante; nimi mije en nimi meso li wan e nimi pi kulupu A, nimi meli li sama poka e kulupu Ō.

ante li nimi pilin wan pi nimi suli:

kipisi nimi meli pi kulupu I| *tīd*, "tenpo" |
| --- |
|  | wan | mute |
| nimi pali | tīd | tīd**a** |
| nimi pilin | tīd, tīd**e** | tīd**a**, **-e** |
| nimi jo | tīd**e** | tīd**a** |
| nimi tawa | tīd**um** |

##### kulupu U

nimi pi kulupu U ale li jo e kipisi nimi sama:

kipisi nimi pi kulupu U|  | nimi lili
*sunu*, "jan pana mije" | nimi suli
*hand*, "luka" |
| --- | --- | --- |
| wan | mute | wan | mute |
| nimi pali/pilin | sun**u** | sun**a** | hand | hand**a** |
| nimi jo | sun**a** | hand**a** |
| nimi tawa | sun**um** | hand**um** |

kulupu U li jo e nanpa lili, taso nimi mute pi kulupu U li kepeken mute: *duru* ("lupa"), *medu* ("telo nasa suwi"), *wudu* ("kiwen kasi").

##### kulupu nimi pini

kulupu nimi pini li kulupu lili. nimi pi pini sama kalama pini li lon kulupu ni.

nimi pani anu pilin mute en nimi tawa wan la, nimi ni li ante e kalama open insa tawa sinpin. toki Inli pi tenpo ni la, nimi pi kalama open tawa sinpin li tan ni: *man* / *men*, *foot* / *feet*, *tooth* / *teeth*.

nimia ale pi kulupu nimi pini li mije anu meli.

kipisi nimi pi kulupu nimi pini|  | mije
*mann*, "jan" | meli |
| --- | --- | --- |
| nimi lili
*hnutu*, "kili kiwen" | nimi suli
*gōs*, "waso ike" |
| wan | mute | wan | mute | wan | mute |
| nimi pali/pilin | mann | m**e**nn | hnut**u** | hn**y**t**e** | gōs | g**ē**s |
| nimi jo | mann**es** | mann**a** | hnut**e** | hnut**a** | gōs**e** | gōs**a** |
| nimi tawa | m**e**nn | mann**um** | hn**y**t**e** | hnut**um** | g**ē**s | gōs**um** |

##### kulupu Nd

kulupu Nd li jo e *-end* lon monsi; ni li pali e nimi pi jan pali: *āgan* ("jo") → *āgend* ("jan jo"). nimi ale pi kulupu Nd li mije.

kipisi nimi li jo e kalama open lon monsi la nimi Nd pi kulupu kalama wan li ken taso lon. ni la, kulupu Nd li jo e nanpa lili nimi. nimi tu wan pi kulupu Nd li lon: *frēond* ("jan pona") ←*frēoȝan* ("olin"), *fēond* ("jan ike") ← *fēoȝan* ("pilin ike"), *tēond* ("jan pi toki e lipu ike") ← *tēon* ("toki e lipu ike"). ona li sama e nimi mije:

kipisi nimi pi kulupu Nd (kulupu kalama wan)| *frēond* ("jan pona") |
| --- |
|  | wan | mute |
| nimi pali/pilin | frēond | fr**īe**nd |
| nimi jo | frēond**es** | frēond**a** |
| nimi tawa | frī**e**nd | frēond**um** |

nimi Nd pi kulupu kalama mute li ante mute:

kipisi nimi pi kulupu Nd (kulupu kalama mute)| *ymbstandend* "jan lon poka" |
| --- |
|  | wan | mute |
| nimi pali/pilin | ymbstandend | ymbstandend, **-e**, **-as** |
| nimi jo | ymbstandend**es** | ymbstandend**ra** |
| nimi tawa | ymbstandend**e** | ymbstandend**um** |

##### kulupu R

kulupu R li jo e nimi luka: *fæder* ("mama mije") en *mōdor* ("mama meli") en *brōþor* ("jan mije pi mama sama") en *sweostor* ("jan meli pi mama sama") en *dohtor* ("jan pana meli") li nimi ni.

kipisi nimi pi kulupu R|  | fæder | mōdor | brōþor | sweostor | dohtor |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| wan | mute | wan | mute | wan | mute | wan | mute | wan | mute |
| nimi pali/pilin | fæder | fæder**as** | mōdor | mōdr**u**, **-a** | brōþor | (ȝe)brōþor, -r**u**, -r**a** | sweostor | (ȝe)sweostor, -r**u**, -r**a** | dohtor | dohtor, -r**u**, -r**a** |
| nimi jo | fæder**a** | mōdr**a** | (ȝe)brōþr**a** | (ȝe)sweostr**a** | dohtr**a** |
| nimi tawa | fæder**um** | m**ē**dor | mōdr**um** | brēþor | (ȝe)brōþr**um** | (ȝe)sweostr**um** | d**e**hter | dohtr**um** |

##### kulupu Z

kulupu Z li jo e nimi pi tu tu. ale li meso. kipisi nimi pi kulupu Z li sama e kipisi nimi lili meso pi kulupu A, taso kipisi nimi pi ijo mute li jo e *-r-*. nimi ni li *ċild* ("jan lili"), *ǣȝ* ("kiwen pi waso sin"), *lamb* ("soweli suwi lili"), *ċealf* ("soweli mani lili").

kipisi nimi pi nimi *lamb*|  | wan | mute |
| --- | --- | --- |
| nimi pali/pilin | lamb | lamb**ru** |
| nimi jo | lamb**es** | lamb**ra** |
| nimi tawa | lamb**e** | lamb**rum** |

## lipu tan