# Bolwetse jwa Sukiri

| Diabetes mellitus |
| --- |
|  |
| Universal blue circle symbol for diabetes. |
| Tlhanolo | * /ˌdaɪ əˈbi tiz**[unsupported input]**-tɪs/ /ˈmɛl ɪ təs**[unsupported input]**məˈlaɪ-/
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| Specialty | Endocrinology |
| Dikai | Frequent urination, increased thirst, increased hunger |
| Ditamorago | Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, heart disease, stroke, chronic kidney failure, foot ulcers, cognitive impairment, gastroparesis |
| Risk factors | **Type 1**: Family history **Type 2**: Obesity, lack of exercise, genetics |
| Diagnostic method | High blood sugar |
| Treatment | Healthy diet, physical exercise |
| Medication | Insulin, anti-diabetic medication like metformin |
| Frequency | 463 million (8.8%) |
| Deaths | 4.2 million (2019) |

**Bolwetse jwa sukiri** ( **DM** ), jo gantsi bo bidiwang **bolwetse jwa sukiri**, ke setlhopha sa mathata a metaboliki a a tlhaolwang ke selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa sukiri mo mading ka nako e telele. Dikai gantsi di akaretsa go tlhapologa kgapetsakgapetsa, go tshwarwa ke leyora thata le keletso e e tseneletseng ya dijo. Fa bolwetse jwa sukiri bo sa alafiwe bo ka baka mathata a le mantsi. Mathata a a masisi a ka akaretsa ketoacidosis ya sukiri, seemo sa go nna le sukiri e ntsi mo mading, kgotsa loso. Mathata a a masisi a nako e telele a akaretsa bolwetse jwa pelo le methapo, bolwetse jwa go swa Mohama, bolwetse jo bo sa foleng jwa diphilo, diso tsa dinao, go senyega ga ditshika, go senyega ga matlho le go sa kgone go dirisa tlhaloganyo sentle.

Bolwetse jwa sukiri bo bakwa ke go sa tlhagise insulin sentle ga satlhoko e e lekaneng, kgotsa disele tsa mmele ga di tsibogele insulin e e tlhagisiwang sentle. Go na le mefuta e meraro e megolo ya bolwetse jwa sukiri:

* Bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa Mofuta wa ntlha bo bakiwa ke go palelwa ga santlhoko go ntsha insulin e e lekaneng ka ntlha ya go latlhegelwa ke disele tsa beta. Mofuta ono o ne o bidiwa "bolwetse jwa sukiri jo bo ikaegileng ka insulin" (IDDM) kgotsa "bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa bana". Go latlhegelwa ke disele tsa beta go bakwa ke tsela e masole a mmele a tsibogelang ka yone. Se se bakang tsibogo eno ya masole a mmele ga se itsiwe.
* Bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa Mofuta wa bobedi bo simolola ka go sa kgone go dirisa insulin, e leng seemo se mo go sone disele di palelwang ke go tsibogela insulin sentle. Fa bolwetse bo ntse bo tswelela, go ka nna ga nna le go tlhoka insulin le gone. Mofuta ono o ne o bidiwa "bolwetse jwa sukiri jo bo sa ikaegang ka insulin" (NIDDM) kgotsa "bolwetse jwa sukiri jo bo simololang mo bagolong". Selo se se tlwaelegileng se se bakang seno ke kopano ya bokete jo bo feteletseng jwa mmele le go sa itshidila mmele.
* Bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa boimana ke mofuta wa boraro o mogolo, mme bo diragala fa basadi ba ba itsholofetseg ba ba senang hditso tsa bolwetse jwa sukiri mo nakong e e fetileng ba nna le selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa sukiri mo mading.

Bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa Mofuta wa 1 bo tshwanetse go laolwa ka go tlhabelwa insulin. Thibelo le kalafi ya bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa mofuta wa 2 e akaretsa go ja dijo tse di itekanetseng, go ikatisa mmele ka metlha, boima jwa mmele jo bo tlwaelegileng, le go tila go goga motsoko. Bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa mofuta wa bobedi bo ka alafiwa ka melemo e e jaaka di-sensitizer tsa insulin tse di nang le insulin kgotsa tse di senang yone. Go laola kgatelelo ya madi le go tlhokomela tlhokomelo e e siameng ya maoto le matlho go botlhokwa mo bathong ba ba nang le bolwetse jono. Insulin le melemo mengwe e e nowang di ka baka go nna le sukiri e e kwa tlase mo mading. Go arwa ga batho ba ba mmele motoa go fokotsa boima jwa mmele ka dinako tse dingwe ke tsela e e nang le matswela mo bathong ba ba nang le bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa mofuta wa 2. Bolwetse jwa sukiri jwa boimana gantsi bo rarabologa morago ga go tsholwa ga lesea.

Tempolete:Asof, an estimated 463 million people had diabetes worldwide (8.8% of the adult population), with type 2 diabetes making up about 90% of the cases. Rates are similar in women and men. Trends suggest that rates will continue to rise. Diabetes at least doubles a person's risk of early death. In 2019, diabetes resulted in approximately 4.2 million deaths. It is the 7th leading cause of death globally. The global economic cost of diabetes related health expenditure in 2017 was estimated at US$727 billion. In the United States, diabetes cost nearly US$327 billion in 2017. Average medical expenditures among people with diabetes are about 2.3 times higher.

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