# Southern African Development Community

Folaga ya SADCC
**Southern African Development Community (SADC**) ke lekgotla la dipuso tse di farologaneng, le ntlokgolo ya lone e leng kwa Gaborone, Botswana.

## Maikaelelo

Maikaelelo a lekgotla la SADC ke go nonotsha tirisano mmogo mo go tsa itsholelo, sepolotiki le tshireletso mo mafatsheng a le lesome le borataro mo borwa jwa Aforika. Le ntswa maikemisetso magolo a lekgotla le e le ditlhabololo, kgolo ya itsholelo le nyeletso lehuma, go boloka kagiso le gone go botlhokwa thata mo lekgotleng le.:70

## Maloko a lekgotla

Ka ngwaga wa 2022, maloko a lekgotla la SADC a ne a le lesome le borataro:

### Bogolo jwa moalo wa lefatshe le dipalo tsa batho mo mafatsheng a maloko a lekgotla la SADC

|  |  |  | Boleng jwa dikhumo tsa mafatshe (USD) |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Lefatshe | Bophara (km2 | Palo ya batho (2020) | lefatshe ka kakaretso (billions)  | motho ka bongwe | Dintlha ka boloko |
| Angola | 1,246,700 | 32,866,268 | 124.86 | 3,792.75 |  |
| Botswana | 582,000 | 2,351,625 | 18.42 | 7,519.2 |  |
| Comoros
 | 2,235 | 869,595 | 1.31 | 1,371.02 | Lefatshe la Comoros le dumeletswe mo lekgotleng la SADC kwa bokopanong jwa bo masome a mararo le bosupa jwa babusi ba mafatshe bo bo neng bo tshwaretswe kwa Pretoria, Aforika Borwa ka ngwaga wa 2017, se se tsisa palo ya maloko kwa go lesome le borataro. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 2,344,858 | 89,561,404 | 64.79 | 669.36 | Fa e sale 8 Lwetse 1997 |
| Eswatini | 17,363 | 1,160,164 | 4.65 | 4,035.54 |  |
| Lesotho | 30,355 | 2,142,252 | 2.56 | 1,212.57 |  |
| Madagascar | 587,295 | 27,691,019 | 14.61 | 504.31 | Le dumeletwe ka 18 Phatwe 2005. La busediwa mo bolokong ka 30 Firikgong 2014 morago ga go seegelwa fa thoko ka 2009 |
| Malawi | 118,484 | 19,129,955 | 12.04 | 545.06 |  |
| Mauritius | 1,969 | 1,265,740 | 11.26 | 8,892.11 | Fa e sale 28 Phatwe 1995 |
| Mozambique | 801,590 | 31,255,435 | 18.09 | 546.71 |  |
| Namibia | 824,268 | 2,540,916 | 13.01 | 5,016.17 | Fa e sale 21 Mopitlo 1990 (fa le tsaya boipuso) |
| Seychelles | 456 | 98,462 | 1.75 | 17,693.00 | Le nnile leloko la SADC go tswa ka 8 Lwetse 1997 go tsena 1 Phukwe 2004, la boela gape ka 2008. |
| South Africa | 1,221,037 | 59,308,690 | 426.17 | 6,979.44 | Fa e sale ka 30 Phatwe 1994 |
| Tanzania | 947,303 | 59,734,213 | 77.51 | 1,260.06 |  |
| Zambia | 752,612 | 18,383,956 | 26.66 | 1,330.37 |  |
| Zimbabwe | 390,757 | 14,862,927 | 36.38 | 2,300.56 |  |

Lefatshe la Burundi le ikopetse boloko.

## Tshimologo le ditso tsa SADC

Tshimologo ya SADC e nnile ka dingwaga tsa 1660 le 1970, fa babusi ba mafatshe le makgotla a kgololesego ya dichaba a ne a kopanela go lwantsha dikgwetlho tsa sepolotiki, tirisanommogo le sesole go fedisa go busiwa ke batho basweu mo borwa jwa Aforika. Mogogi wa tsa sepolotiki le tshireletsego wa lekgotla la gompieno la SADC e ne e le setlhopha sa Frontline States (FLS) le le simolodisitsweng ka ngwaga wa 1980.

Lekgotla la Southern African Development Coordination Conference(SADCC) lone le ne le eteletse pele itsholelo. Go amogela molao wa Lusaka ga mafatshe a ferabongwe a a mo borwa jwa Aforika ka kgwedi ya Moranang e tlhola gangwe ka ngwaga wa1980 ke gone go tlhagoletseng tshimolodiso ya SADCC ka Moranang 1980.

Boloko jwa FLS le SADCC bo ne bo farologana ka dinako tse dingwe.

SADCC e ne ya fetolwa go nna SADC ka ngwaga wa 1992 kgwedi ya Phatwe e le malatsi a le lesome le bosupa, e simolola ka go amogela molao wa Windhoek ke maloko a pele a SADCC le lefatshe le le neng janong le tsere boipuso la Namibia. Lekgotla la SADC la 1992, le ne le letlelela tirisanommogo mo go tsa itsholeleo le tshireletsego. FLS e ne ya fedisiwa ka ngwaga wa 1994, morago ga ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa. Maiteko a mangwe a go diragatsa tsa sepolotiki le tshireletsego mo diatleng tsa SADC a ne a pala.

Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe e le malatsi a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 2001, tumalano ya SADC e ne ya fetolwa. Phetogo e e ne ya tsisa paakanyo ya metheo, melao le ditsamaiso, mo go santseng go tsweletse. Nngwe ya diphetogo e ne ya nna gore tsa polotiki le tshireletso di nne ka fa tlase ga karolo ya Polotiki, tshireletso le pabalesego (Organ on Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS)); e e leng nngwe ya dikarolo tsa konokono tsa SADC. E mo tlhokomelong ya samiti e e diriwang ke babusi ba mafatshe.

Lekgotla le na le moletlo wa lone wa metshameko o o bidiwang SADC Games, o o neng wa tshwarwa e le lantlha kwa Maputo ka ngwaga wa 2004. Kakanyetso ya ntlha e e ne e le gore o tshwarelwe kwa Lesotho le Malawi, mme ga se ka ga kgonagala ka ntlha ya mathata a a nnileng teng mo lekgotleng, mme se sa lopa kotlhao ya $100,000 go tswa kwa lefatsheng la Malawi. Moletlo wa ntlha ka ngwaga wa 2004 kwa Maputo o ne wa baka gore banana ba feta sekete ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga masome a mabedi go tswa mo mafatsheng a le lesome ba tseye karolo mo metshamekong e akaretsa mabelo, kgwele ya dinao, bolotloa, mabole le baseketebolo.

Ka ngwaga wa 2012, SADC e ne ya romela baboloki ba kagiso kwa Democratic Republic of Congo go kganela tlhaselo ya batsuolodi.:70 Ditlhopa tsa sesolo tse di neng di rometswe si ne di tswa kwa mafatsheng a Tanzania, Malawi le Aforika Borwa.:70

Ka kgwedi ya Phatwe ngwaga wa 2019, SADC e ne ya amogela Swahili e le puo ya bone ya pereko fa godimo ga puo ya sekgowa, sefora le sepotokisi. Kiswahili ke puo e e fitlhelwang kwa botlhaba jwa Aforika le bontlha bongwe jwa borwa jwa Aforika, e tlhomamisitswe kwa Tanzania, Kenya le Uganda le kwa African Union.

## Ditsamaiso

Lekgotla la SADC le na le ditsamaiso tse di ka fa molaong di le masome a mabedi le bosupa tse di itebagantseng le tshireletso, tlhabololo, thekiso ya ditagi, go gweba le go tsamaya ka kgololesego ga batho.

* Tsamaiso ya kgotetso (1996) - e ikaelela go rotloetsa go dira melao e e itebagantseng le motlakase. Maano a a fa maikaelelo a a bonalang a dikago le mafaratlhatlha a kgotetso le le tse dingwe jaaka dikgong, lookwane, gase ya tlholego, motlakase, magala, le metswedi gore SADC le maloko ba kgone go di dirisa ka fa tshwanelong le go di somarela.
* Tsamaiso ya bong le tlhabologo - maloko a rotloediwa go oketsa maiteko a diphetogo mo matshelong a basadi le bana mo kgaolong. Tautona Mutharika o ne a supa tshwenyego mo dikgannyeng tse di golelang pele tsa tirisodikgoga bogolo jang mo go bomme le bana mo kgaolong e, mme a dirisa monyetla o go baya monwana maitlamo a go fedisa dinyalo tsa bana e le bontlhabongwe jwa letsholo la go fedisa dinyalo tsa bana mo Aforika.
* Tsamaiso ya tirisanommogo mo go tsa sepolotiki, tshireletso le pabalesego (2001 - e ikaelela gotlhotlheletsa tshireletso le pabalesego, go rotloetsa mowa wa kagiso, go ritibala ga sepolotiki le go laola dikgotlhang . Tsamaiso e e simolodisitse lekalana la Organ for Politics, Defence and Security (OPDS).

## SADC FTA

Lekalana la SADC Free Trade Area le simolotswe kwa ngwaga wa 2008 ka Phatwe, morago ga tshimolodiso ya tsamaiso ya SADC mo go tsa kgwebo ka ngwaga wa 2000,e e gwetlhileng tshimolodiso ya lekana le. Maloko a lone a pele e ne e le mafatshe a Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Eswatini, Tanzania, Zambia le Zimbabwe, mme Malawi le Seychelles ba nna maloko moragonyana. Mo mafatsheng a le lesome le botlhano a maloko, ke mafatshe a Angola le Democratic Republic of Congo fela a a iseng a tseye karolo, mme le fa go ntse jalo, tona wa tsa kgwebo wa Angola Joffre Van-Dusen Junior o ne a tlhalosa fa lephata la gagwe le bereka ka thata go dira ditsela tse ka tsone lefatshe la Angola le ka kgonang go anywa meamuso ya go gweba ntle le sekgoreletsi mo SADC ka ngwaga wa 2019.

Ka letsatsi la Laboraro masome a mabedi le bobedi ka kgwedi ya Phalane ngwaga wa 2008, SADC ya kopana le Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa le East African community go simolodisa lefelo la go gweba go sena kgoreletso, e akaretsa maloko a makgotla a o otlhe. Baeteledipele ba makgotla ao ka boraro jwa one ba dumalane go dira lefelo la go gweba ntle le sekgoreletsi sepe (African Free Trade Zone) le na le mafatshe a le masome a mabedi le borataro ka GDP e e akanyediwang go nna dibilione tsa di dolara tsa America di le makgolo a marataro, masome a mabedi le bone. Go solofelwa gore tumalano ya African Free Trade Zone e tla tokafatsa phitlhe;elo ya mebaraka mo lefelong leo mme e fedise mathata a a bakiwang ke go bo bontsi jwa mafatshe a maloko a le mo ditlhopeng tse dintsi.

African Free Trade Zone e na le dingwaga di le lekgolo e ntse e le mo tirisong - lefelo le le akaretsa Aforika ka bophara go tswa Kapa go ya Cairo e le mogopolo wa ga Cecil Rhodes le babusi ba bangwe ba dikolone ka dingwaga tsa 1980. Pharaloganyo ke gore African Free Trade Zone yone ke mafatshe a Aforika a ikemetse. Kakanyo ke gore e nne go gwebamo go senang kgoreletsego go tswa Kapa go ya Cairo (Cape Town kwa Aforika Borwa go tsena Cairo kwa Egypt)

Fa godimo ga go fokotsa boloko bo bo boelelang le bothata jwa gore maloko a mangwe a bo a tsaya karolo gape mo maanong a tirisanommogo le sepolotiki le tshireletso a a ka nyenyafatsang kgotsa a phadisanya, African Free Trade Zone e ikaelela gape go tokafatsa maatla a lekgotla mo dipuisanong tsa mafatshefatshe.

Go tlaleletsa seelo sa SADC sa tirisanommogo e e tseneletseng, mafatshe a Botswana le Namibia a beile mowana tumalano e e letlang banni ba mafatshe oo mabedi go tsaya maeto mo mafatsheng a o ba dirisa dikarata tsa sesupo sa boagedi fela go sa tlhokafale teseletso ya mosepele. Lefatshe la Botswana le nnile le bokopano le la Zimbabwe go diragatsa tumalano e e tshwanang mme le solofetswe go nna le dipuisano le la Zambia.

## Dikgwetlho tse di lebaneng mafatshe a maloko

Mafatshe a SADC a lebanwe ke dikgwetlho tse dintsi tsa selegae, tlhabololo, itsholelo, kgwebo, thuto, botsogo, botsalano, tshireletsego, pabalelo le sepolotiki. Dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse di ka rarabololwa ke maloko ka bonosi jwa one. Malwetsi a dikgomo le ditlhopha tsa batsoulodi ke dingwe tsa dikgwetlho tse. Ntwa mo lefatsheng le lengwe e kgona go ama le baagisanyi mme e ba senyetse itsholelo. Tlhabologo e e itshegeleditseng e e ka tsisiwang ke bogwebi e tshosediwa ke dikago le ditsela tse di sa nnang sentle, ditlhwatlhwa le melao le ditekanyetso tsa tse di rekisiwang.

Kgwetlho e nngwe e tona ke gore mafatshe a maloko a tsaya karolo gape mo mananeong a mangwe a sepolotiki, tshireletso le tirisanommogo a a ka phadisanyang kgotsa a nyenyafatsa maikaelelo a SADC. Sekai, mafatshe a South Africa le Botswana ke maloko a Southern Africa Customs Union, Zambia ke leloko la Common market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Tanzania ke leloko la East African Community.

Go ya ka Human Rights Watch, SADC e kgaletswe go nna boitseme mo go netefatseng gobaya ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa pele mo mafatsheng a e leng maloko a lone.

## Ditsela tsa go dira metheo le go tsaya ditshwetso

Lekgotla le na le ditlhopha di le thataro tsa konokono.

* Summit, e e dirwang ke bausi ba mafatshe
* Lekalana la poloiki, tshireletso le pabalesego
* Khansele ya matona a puso
* Baatlhodi ba SADC
* Komiti ya SADC
* Mokwaledi

Ditshwetso tsotlhe kwa ntle ga tsa bokwaledi, baatlhodi (e e leng kwa Windhoek, Namibia) le komiti, di tsewa ka tumalano kakaretso.

## Baeteledipele

### Badulasetilo

| Lefatshe | Modulasetilo | Lobaka |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Zambia | Levy Mwanawasa | 2007-2008 |
| South Africa | Kgalema Motlanthe | 2008-2009 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | Joseph Kabila | 2009-2010 |
| Namibia | Hifikepunye Pohamba | 2010-2011 |
| Angola | Jose Eduardo Dos Santos | 2011-2012 |
| Mozambique | Armando Guebuza | 2012-2013 |
| Malawi | Joyce BandaPeter Mutharika | 2013 -31 May 2014
31 May - 17 August 2014 |
| Zimbabwe | Robert Mugabe | 2014 - 17 August 2015 |
| Botswana | Ian Khama | 17 August 2015 - 2016 |
| Eswatini | King Mswati III | 2016 - 2017 |
| South Africa | Jacob ZumaCyril Ramaphosa | 2017 - 2018 |
| Namibia | Hage Geingob | 17 August 2018 - 17 August 2019 |
| Tanzania | John Magufuli | 17 August 2019 - 17 August 2020 |
| Mozambique | Filipe Nyusi | 17 August 2020 - 17 August 2021 |
| Malawi | Lazarus Chakwera | 17 August 2021 - 17 August 2022 |
| Democratic Republic of Congo | Felix Tshisekedi | 17 August 2022 - 17 August 2023 |
| Angola | Joao Lourenco | 17 August - Present |

### Bakwaledi bagolo

| Lefatshe | Leina | Lobaka |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Namibia | Kaire Mbuende | 1994 - 2000 |
| Mauritius | Prega Ramsamy | 2000 - 2021 (a tshwareletse)
2001 - 2005 |
| Mozambique | Tomaz Salomao | 2005 - 2013 |
| Tanzania | Stergomena Tax | 2013 - 2021 |
| Botswana | Elias Mpedi Magosi | 2021 - Present |

## Kitso Tlaleletso

* Southern African Development Community Mission in Mozambique (SAMIM)
* Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA)
* East African Community (EAC)
* Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS)
* Southern African Customs Union (SACU)
* Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)
* Ditlhwatlwa
* Free Trade Area
* Market Access
* List of Trade blocs

## Metswedi