# Chad

| Republic of Chad République du Tchad |
| --- |
|
Folaga

Coat of arms

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| **Motto:**Tempolete:Vunblist |
| **Anthem:**Tempolete:Vunblist |
| Show globeShow map of Africa |
| Mošate and largest city | N'Djamena ﻿ / ﻿ |
| Diteme tsa semmusô | * Arabic
* French
 |
| Sedumedi (2020) | * 55.1% Islam
* 41.1% Christianity
* 2.4% no religion
* 1.3% Animism
* 0.1% others
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| Demonym(s) | Chadian |
| Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic under a hereditary dictatorship |
|  |
| • President  | Mahamat Déby |
| • Prime Minister  | Allamaye Halina |
|  |
| Legislature | Bicameral Parliament |
| • Upper house | Senate |
| • Lower house | National Assembly |
| Independence from France |
|  |
| • Colony established  | 5 September 1900 |
| • Autonomy granted  | 28 November 1958 |
| • Sovereign state  | 11 August 1960 |
|  |
| Fatshe |
| • Total | 1,300,000 km2 (500,000 sq mi) (20th) |
| • Water (%) | 1.9 |
| Batho |
| • 2024 estimate |  19,093,595 (66th) |
| • Bokete | 14.4/km2 (37.3/sq mi) |
| GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
| • Total |  $32.375 billion (147th) |
| • Per capita |  $1,806 (179th) |
| GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
| • Total |  $12.596 billion (145th) |
| • Per capita |  $702 (183rd) |
| Gini (2022) |  37.4 medium |
| Madi | Central African CFA franc (XAF) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (West Africa Time) |
| • Summer (DST) | (Not Observed) |
| Calling code | +235 |
| Internet TLD | .td |

Lefatshe la **Chad**, le le bidiwang **Republic of Chad** ka semmuso ke lefatshe le le dikaganyeditsweng ke mafatshe a mangwe, ka bokone le legare la Aforika di kopanang teng. Le tlhakanetse melelwane le la Libya kwa bokone, la Sudan kwa botlhaba le la Central African Republic kwa borwa, Cameroon kwa borwa-bophirima, Nigeria kwa borwabophirma (kwa nokeng ya Chad) le Niger kwa bophirima. Lefatshe la Chad le na le palo ya batho e ka tshwara didikadike di le lesome le borataro, sedikadike se le sengwe le borataro jwa batho ba koo ba nna mo toropokgolo N'Djamena. Lefatshe la Chad ke labotlhano ka bogolo jwa bophara jwa lefatshe mo Aforika, la bo masome a mabedi mo lefatsheng lotlhe, ka bophara jwa 1,300,000km.

Lefatshe la Chad le na le dikgaolo di le mmalwa: sekaka sa Sahara kwa bokone, lefelo le le omeletseng kwa legareng le le itsegeng ka the Sahel, le le le bongola kwa borwa la Sudanian Savanna. Noka ya Chad, e lefatshe le biditsweng ka yone, ke yone kgaolo ya bobedi ka botona, ee bokgola mo Aforika. Diteme tse di tlhomamisitsweng semmuso ke ya seArabea (Arabic) le seFora (French). Ke legae la merafe e feta makgolo a mabedi.Islam le SeKeresete ke tsone ditumelo tse dikgolo tse di salwang morago kwa Chad.

Go simolola ka meleniamo wa bosupa BC, batho ba ne ba fudugela kwa mokgatsheng wa Chad ka dipalo tse di kwa godimo. Fa meleniamo wa ntlha o ya bokhutlong, magosi le dikgaolo ka go tlhatlologana di ne di wa di tsoga, bangwe le bangwe ba ba itebagantse le go laola ditsela tsa thekiso tsa trans-Sahara tse di ralalang kgaolo ya Chad. Lefatshe la France le ne la fenya kgaolo e ka ngwaga wa 1920, mme la le tsenya go nna bontlha jwa French Equatorial Africa, ka ngwaga wa 1960, lefatshe la Chad le ne la tsaya boipuso le eteletswe pele ke Francois Tombalbaye. Batho ba tumelo ya Islam ba ba kwa bokone ba ne ba le kgatlhanong le melao ya aggwe, mme se sa baka ntwa ya mo gae ka ngwaga wa 1965. Ka ngwaga wa 1979, ditsuolodi di ne tsa fenya toropokgolo mme ba fedisa puso ya batho ba borwa.

Le fa diphathi tsa polotiki di le dintsi di tsere karolo mo pusong ya Chad, maatla a puso a ne a le mo diatleng tsa phathi ya Patriotric Salvation Movement ka puso ya ga Idriss Deby, o batho ba neng ba bona a busa ka kgatelelo.

## Tlholego

Lefatshe la Chad ke lefatshe le legolo le le dikaganyeditsweng ke mafatshe a mangwe, le ralala bokone-legare la Aforika. Le sephara sa dikhilometara di le sedikadike, dikete di le makgolo a mabedi, masome a ferabobedi le bone. Lefatshe la Chad ka selekanyo, le lennye mo go la Peru mme le feta la Aforika Borwa go le gonnye.

Lefatshe la Libya, le kwa bokone jwa Chad, fa la Sudan le le kwa botlhaba, a Niger, Nigeria le Cameroon kwa bophirima fa la Central African Republic le le kwa borwa. Toropokgolo ya lefatshe le e dikhilometara di le sekete, le masome a marataro go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa lewatle la Douala kwa Cameroon.

## Dipalopalo

### Merafe

Batho ba lefatshe la Chad ke dikokomane tsa batho ba kwa botlhaba, legare, bophirima le bokone jwa Aforika.

Lefatshe la Chad le na le merafe e feta makgolo a mabedi, se se dira gore go nne le pharologanyo ya ka fa go tshelwang ka teng. Dipuso tse di tswang kwa ntle le tse di ikemetseng di lekile go aga sechaba se sengwe, mme baagi ba Chad ka bontsi ba duela gore sechaba sa mo gae ke sone se leng botlhokwa thata kwa ntle ga ba lolwapa. Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba Chad ba ka supiwa ka kgaolo e ba tshelang mo go yone.

Kwa borwa go nna batho ba ba seng matlhagatlhaga ba lotso lwa Sara, ba e leng bone morafe o motona. Kwa Sahel batho ba ba seng matlhagatlhaga ba nna go bapa le ba ba kgarakgatshegang jaaka maArabea ba e leng setlhopha sa bobedi ka bogolo. Kwa bokone go nna bakgarakgatshegi, bogolo jang ba Toubous.

### Diteme

Diteme tsa kwa Chad tse di tlhomamisitsweng semmuso ke ya Se Arabea (Arabic) le ya se Fora (French), mme go buiwa diteme di feta lekgolo. Ka ntlha ya seabe sa barekisi bareki ba ma Arabea, teme ya Chadian Arabic jaanong ke teme e e dirisiwang thata.

### Thuto

Barutabana ba itemogela mathata a a farologaneng ka ntlha ya go phatlhalala ga banni le go ikgoga ga batsadi fa ba tshwanetse go isa bana sekolong. Le ntswa go le botlhokwa gore ba tle sekolong malatsi otlhe, 68% fela ya bana ba basimane ke yone e tsenang sekolo,mme baagi ba fetsa sephatlo ga baa rutega. Thuto e kgolwane e tsenwa kwa sekolong sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of N'Djamena. Lefatshe la Chad le na le palo e ekwa tlase thata mo Sub-Saharan Africa ya batho ba ba sa rutegang, ka 33%.

## Metswedi