# Sekgwaripana

| Smallpox |
| --- |
| Maina a mangwe | Variola, variola vera, pox, red plague |
|  |
| A child with smallpox in Bangladesh in 1973. The bumps filled with thick fluid and a depression or dimple in the center are characteristic. |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Dikai | * **Early**: Fever, vomiting, mouth sores
* **Later**: Fluid filled blisters which scab over
 |
| Ditamorago | Scarring of the skin, blindness |
| Ditshimologo tse ditwaelesegileng | 1 to 3 weeks following exposure |
| Duration | About 4 weeks |
| Causes | *Variola major*, *Variola minor* (spread between people) |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms and confirmed by PCR |
| Differential diagnosis | Chickenpox, impetigo, molluscum contagiosum, monkeypox |
| Prevention | Smallpox vaccine |
| Treatment | Supportive care |
| Medication | Tecovirimat, brincidofovir, cidofovir |
| Prognosis | 30% risk of death |
| Frequency | Eradicated (last wild case in 1977) |

**Bolwetse jwa sekgwaripana** e ne e le bolwetse jo bo tshelanwang jo bo bakiwang ke nngwe ya mefuta e mebedi ya megare, *e leng Variola e kgolo* le *Variola e nnye*. Kgetse ya bofelo e e neng ya tlhaga ka tlholego e ne ya lemogiwa ka kgwedi ya Phalane, ngwaga wa 1977, mme Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Boitekanelo (WHO) o ne wa tlhomamisa gore bolwetse jono bo fedisitswe mo lefatsheng lotlhe ka ngwaga wa 1980. Kotsi ya loso morago ga go tsenwa ke bolwetse e ne e ka nna 30%, ka dikelo tse di kwa godimo mo maseeng. Gantsi ba ba neng ba falola ba ne ba nna le mabadi a mantsi mo letlalong la bone, mme bangwe ba ne ba sala ba foufetse.

Dikai tsa ntlha tsa bolwetse jono di ne di akaretsa letshoroma le go kgwa. Se se ne sa latelwa ke go nna teng ga dintho mo ganong le letshoroma la letlalo. Mo malatsing a le mmalwa letshoroma la letlalo le ne la fetoga go nna diso tse di tletseng metsitse di nang le lephatlha fa gare. Diso di ne tsa tlhotlhorega mme thubega tsa tlogela mabadi. Bolwetse bo anamisitswe magareng ga batho kgotsa ka dilo tse di kgotletsweng. Thibelo e ne e le thata ka mokento wa sekgwaripana. Fa bolwetse jono bo setse bo simolotse, melemo mengwe e e lwantshang megare e ka tswa e ile ya thusa.

Ga go itsiwe gore bolwetse jwa sekgwaripana bo tswa kae. Bosupi jwa ntlha jwa bolwetse bo simolotse ka lekgolo la boraro la dingwaga BCE mo di-mummy tsa kwa Egepeto. Bolwetse bo kile jwa tlhagelela ka go runya. Kwa Yuropa ya lekgolo la bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga, go akanyediwa gore batho ba le 400 000 ka ngwaga ba ne ba bolawa ke bolwetse jono, mme nngwetharong ya batho ba ba neng ba bolawa ke bolwetse jono e ne ya felela ka gore ba foufale. Dintsho tseno di ne di akaretsa dikgosi di le thataro. Go akanyediwa gore sekgwaripana se bolaile batho ba ka nna di milione di le makgolo a mararo le lesome mo lekgolong la bo masome mabedi la dingwaga le mo e ka nnang dimilione di le makgolo a matlhano mo dingwageng di le lekgolo tsa bofelo tsa go nna teng ga yone. Bosheng jaana ka ngwaga wa1967, Go diragetse dikgetse dile dimilione di le lesome le botlhano ka ngwaga.

Go bonala go kentela bolwetse jwa sekgwaripana go simolotse kwa China ka dingwaga tsa bo 1500. Yuropa e ne ya amogela mokgwa ono go tswa kwa Asia mo sephatlong sa ntlha sa lekgolo sa bo lesome le borobabobedi la dingwaga. Ka ngwaga wa 1796 Edward Jenner o ne a tlhagisa mokento wa segompieno wa sekgwaripana. Ka ngwaga wa 1967, WHO e ne ya oketsa maiteko a go fedisa bolwetse jono. Bolwetse jwa sekgotlho ke bongwe jwa malwetse a mabedi a a tshelanwang a a fedisitsweng, jo bongwe ke jwa segajaja sa dikoko ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le motso (2011). Leina "setlhogo" le ne la dirisiwa la ntlha kwa Boritane mo tshimologong ya lekgolo la bo lesome le borataro la dingwaga go farologanya bolwetse jono le bolwetse jwa mogare, jo ka nako eo bo neng bo itsege jaaka "setlhogo se segolo". Maina a mangwe a ditso a bolwetse jono a akaretsa pox, speckled monster le sebetso se sehibidu.

## Ditshupiso