# Posporo (elemento)

Phosphorus, 00P|  |
| Phosphorus |
| Bigkas |  /ˈfɒsfərəs/ ​(*FOS-fər-əs*) |
| Allotropes | puti, pula, biyoleta, itim at iba pa (mga alotropo ng posporo) |
| Appearance | Colourless, waxy white, yellow, scarlet, red, violet, black |
|  |
| Standard atomic weight *A*r°(P) |
|  | * 30.973761998±0.000000005
* 30.974±0.001 (pinaikli)
 |
|  |
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| Abundance |
| in the Earth's crust | 5.2 (taking silicon as 100) |
|  |
| Phosphorus sa talahanayang peryodiko |
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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hydrogen |  | Helium |
| Lithium | Beryllium |  | Boron | Carbon | Nitrogen | Oxygen | Fluorine | Neon |
| Sodium | Magnesium |  | Aluminium | Silicon | Phosphorus | Sulfur | Chlorine | Argon |
| Potassium | Calcium |  | Scandium | Titanium | Vanadium | Chromium | Manganese | Iron | Cobalt | Nickel | Copper | Zinc | Gallium | Germanium | Arsenic | Selenium | Bromine | Krypton |
| Rubidium | Strontium |  |  | Yttrium | Zirconium | Niobium | Molybdenum | Technetium | Ruthenium | Rhodium | Palladium | Silver | Cadmium | Indium | Tin | Antimony | Tellurium | Iodine | Xenon |
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| Francium | Radium | Actinium | Thorium | Protactinium | Uranium | Neptunium | Plutonium | Americium | Curium | Berkelium | Californium | Einsteinium | Fermium | Mendelevium | Nobelium | Lawrencium | Rutherfordium | Dubnium | Seaborgium | Bohrium | Hassium | Meitnerium | Darmstadtium | Roentgenium | Copernicium | Nihonium | Flerovium | Moscovium | Livermorium | Tennessine | Oganesson |

 | N ↑ **P** ↓ As |
| silicon ← **phosphorus** → sulfur |

 |

 |
| Group | 15 |
| Period | 3 |
| Block |   p-block |
| Electron configuration | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 5 |
| Physical properties |
| Phase at STP | solid |
| Density (near r.t.) | white: 1.823 g·cm−3 red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3 violet: 2.36 g·cm−3 black: 2.69 g/cm3 |
| Heat of fusion | white: 0.66 kJ/mol  |
| Heat of vaporisation | white: 51.9 kJ/mol  |
| Molar heat capacity | white: 23.824 J/(mol·K)  |
| **Vapour pressure** (white)

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 279 | 307 | 342 | 388 | 453 | 549 |

 |
| **Vapour pressure** (red, b.p. 431 °C)

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 455 | 489 | 529 | 576 | 635 | 704 |

 |
| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states | **−3**, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, **+3**, +4, **+5** (isang katamtamang asidikong oksido) |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 2.19  |
| Ionisation energies | * 1st: 1011.8 kJ/mol
* 2nd: 1907 kJ/mol
* 3rd: 2914.1 kJ/mol
* (more)
 |
| Covalent radius | 107±3 pm  |
| Van der Waals radius | 180 pm  |
| **Mga linyang espektral ng phosphorus** |
| Other properties |
| Natural occurrence | primordiyal |
| Crystal structure |  ​*body-centred cubic* (bcc) |
| Thermal conductivity | white: 0.236 W/(m⋅K)  black: 12.1 W/(m⋅K)  |
| Magnetic ordering | white, red, violet, black: diamagnetic  |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | −20.8·10−6 cm3/mol (293 K) |
| Bulk modulus | white: 5 GPa red: 11 GPa  |
| CAS Number | 7723-14-0 (red) 12185-10-3 (white) |
| History |
| Discovery | Hennig Brand (1669) |
| Recognised as an element by | Antoine Lavoisier (1777) |
| Isotopes of phosphorus* t
* b
 |
| Template:infobox phosphorus isotopes does not exist |
|

Ang **posporo** (Ingles: *phosphorus*) ay isang elementong kimikal sa talahanayang peryodiko na sinasagisag ng simbolong **P** at nagtataglay ng atomikong bilang **15**.

Isang *multivalent* na hindi metal na kabilang sa grupo ng nitroheno, ang posporo ay kadalasang matatagpuan sa mga di-organikong batong phosphate. Ang Elementong posporo ay may dalawang uring laganap - puting posporo at pulang posporo. Bagamat ang ibig-sanihin ng salitang "*phosphorescence*" ay lumiwanag matapos ang pag-ilaw, mula sa salitang posporo, ang ilaw ng posporo ay nagmumula sa pag-o-oksihena ng puti-(ngunit di pula)-ng posporo at dapat tinatawag na *chemiluminescence*.

Dahil sa mataas nitong reaktibidad, ang posporo ay hindi kailanman nahahanap bilang malayang elemento sa kalikasan ng Daigdig. Ang kaunaunahang uri ng posporo (puting posporo, noong 1669) ay naglabas ng mahinang ilaw matapos matamaan ng oksiheno— kaya't binansagan itong (mula sa mitolohiyang Griyego) Φωσφόρος, na ang ibig-sabihin ay "tagadala ng liwanag" (wikang Latin: *Lucifer*), na sinasagisag ang "Tala ng Umaga", ang planetang Venus.

Ang posporo ay bahagi ng DNA, RNA, ATP, pati na ang lipidong-posporo na bahagi ng mga *cell membranes*. Ito ay isang esensyal na elemento para sa lahat ng buhay na *cell*. Karaniwan din itong makikita sa mga pataba, pulbura, kremang pansipilyo, *pestecide*, mga sabon panglaba, at siyempre, sa mga posporo mismo.

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