# Zinc

Zinc, 30Zn|  |
| Zinc |
| Appearance | silver-gray |
|  |
| Standard atomic weight *A*r°(Zn) |
|  | * 65.38±0.02
* 65.38±0.02 (pinaikli)
 |
|  |
| Zinc sa talahanayang peryodiko |
|

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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Hydrogen |  | Helium |
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| Francium | Radium | Actinium | Thorium | Protactinium | Uranium | Neptunium | Plutonium | Americium | Curium | Berkelium | Californium | Einsteinium | Fermium | Mendelevium | Nobelium | Lawrencium | Rutherfordium | Dubnium | Seaborgium | Bohrium | Hassium | Meitnerium | Darmstadtium | Roentgenium | Copernicium | Nihonium | Flerovium | Moscovium | Livermorium | Tennessine | Oganesson |

 | – ↑ **Zn** ↓ Cd |
| tanso ← **Zinc** → galyo |

 |

 |
| Atomikong bilang (*Z*) | 30 |
| Group | 12 |
| Period | 4 |
| Block |   d-block |
| Electron configuration | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 |
| Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 18, 2 |
| Physical properties |
| Phase at STP | solido |
| Melting point | 692.68 K ​(419.53 °C, ​787.15 °F)  |
| Boiling point | 1180 K ​(907 °C, ​1665 °F)  |
| Density (near r.t.) | 7.14 g/cm3 |
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 6.57 g/cm3  |
| Heat of fusion | 7.32 kJ/mol  |
| Heat of vaporization | 115 kJ/mol  |
| Molar heat capacity | 25.470 J/(mol·K)  |
| **Vapor pressure**

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 610 | 670 | 750 | 852 | 990 | 1179 |

 |
| Atomic properties |
| Oxidation states | −2, 0, +1, **+2** (isang anpoterong oksido) |
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.65  |
| Ionization energies | * 1st: 906.4 kJ/mol
* 2nd: 1733.3 kJ/mol
* 3rd: 3833 kJ/mol
* (more)
 |
| Atomic radius | empirical: 134 pm  |
| Covalent radius | 122±4 pm  |
| Van der Waals radius | 139 pm  |
| **Mga linyang espektral ng Zinc** |
| Other properties |
| Natural occurrence | primordiyal |
| Crystal structure |  ​*hexagonal close-packed* (hcp) |
| Thermal expansion | 30.2 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)  |
| Thermal conductivity | 116 W/(m⋅K)  |
| Electrical resistivity | 59.0 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)  |
| Magnetic ordering | diymagnetiko  |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | −11.4×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K) |
| Young's modulus | 108 GPa  |
| Shear modulus | 43 GPa  |
| Bulk modulus | 70 GPa  |
| Speed of sound thin rod | 3850 m/s (at r.t.) (nakarolyo) |
| Poisson ratio | 0.25  |
| Mohs hardness | 2.5  |
| Brinell hardness | 327–412 MPa  |
| CAS Number | 7440-66-6  |
| History |
| Discovery | Mga metalurhistang Indiyano (before 1000 BCE) |
| First isolation | Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1746) |
| Kinilalang bilang kakaibang metal ni | Rasaratna Samuccaya (1300) |
| Isotopes of Zinc* t
* b
 |
| Template:infobox Zinc isotopes does not exist |
|

Ang **zinc** (Espanyol: *zinc*, Ingles: *zinc* ; mula sa Aleman: *zink*) ay isang mabughaw-bughaw na puti at makisap na metalikong elementong malutong kung nasa pangkaraniwang temperatura. Nagiging madali ang pukpok dito kapag nag-iinit, kaya't ginagamit bilang sangkap sa mga aloy o balahak na katulad ng bronse at tansong dilaw. Ginagamit din itong sangkap sa paghihinang at maging bilang pantubog sa yero ng bubungan. Naibukod ni Andreas Sigismund Marggraf ang elementong ito noong 1746.

Ang zinc ay isang elementong kemikal na may simbolong **Zn** at bilang atomiko 30. Mayroon itong kumikinang na malaabong itsura kapag tinanggal ang oksidasyon. Ito ang unang elemento sa grupong 12 (IIB) sa talahanayang peryodiko. Sa ilang aspeto, kimikal na katulad ng zinc ang magnesyo: parehong elemento na nagtataglay ng isa lamang na karaniwang katuyan ng oksidasyon (+2), at pareho ang laki ng ion ng Zn2+ at Mg2+. Ika-24 na pinakasaganang elemento sa *crust* o pang-ibabaw ng Daigdig ang zinc at may limang matatag na isotopo. Ang pinakakaraniwang mambato (o *ore*) ay espalerita (blendang zinc), isang mineral na sulpurong zinc. Ang pinakamalaking gumaganang batumbakal ay nasa Australya, Asya, at Estados Unidos. Pinipino ang zinc sa pamamagitan ng pagpapalutang ng *froth* o espuma (o bula) ng mambato, pag-iihaw, at panghuling ekstraksyon gamit ang kuryente (elektrodeposisyon).

Isang mahalagang elementong nababakas ang zinc para sa mga tao, hayop, halaman at para sa mga mikroorganismo at kinakailangan para sa bago at pagkatapos ng panganganak. Ito ang ikalawang pinakasaganang metal na nababakas sa tao pagkatapos ng bakal at ito lamang ang metal na lumilitaw sa lahat ng mga uring ensima. Mahalagang sustansya din ang zinc para paglago ng koral, habang isa itong mahalagang kasamang salik para sa maraming ensima.

Nakakaapekto ang kakulangan sa zinc sa mga dalawang bilyong tao sa umuunlad na bansa at naiiugnay sa maraming mga sakit. Sa mga bata, nagdudulot ng retardasyon sa paglago ang kakulangan, gayon din ang naantalang maturasyong seksuwal, madaling tablan ng impeksyon, at diyareya. Ang mga ensima na may isang atomong zinc sa gitnang reaktibo ay laganap sa biyokimika, tulad ng alkohol-deshidrohenasa sa mga tao. Maaring magdulot ang labis na pagkonsumo ng zinc ng pagkalampa, katamlayan, at kakulangan sa tanso. Sa mga biyomang marina, kapansin-pansin ang mga rehiyong polo, maaring makompromiso ng kakulangan ng zinc ang sigla ng mga pangunahing pamayanang alga, na may potensyal na gibain ang masalimuot na mga estrakturang tropikong marina at dahil dito, apektuhan ang biyodibersidad.

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