# Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto

| Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto  |
| --- |
|  |
| Uri | Alpabeto, bahagyang may tampok |
| Mga wika | Ginagamit sa ponetiko at ponemikong transkripsyon ng anumang wika |
| Panahon | mula 1888 |
| Mga magulang na sistema |
Alpabetong Romiko* Alpabetong Ponotipiko
	+ Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto
 |
| ISO 15924 | Latn, 215 |
| Direksyon | Kaliwa-kanan |
| Alyas-Unicode | Latin |

Ang **Internasyonal na Ponetikong Alpabeto** (Ingles: *International Phonetic Alphabet*, **IPA**) ay isang sistemang alpabetiko ng notasyon na nakabase sa alpabetong Latin. Ito ay nilathala ng International Phonetic Association sa huling bahagi ng ika-19 siglo bilang isang pamantayan ng mga tunog ng mga wika. Ang IPA ay ginagamit para sa mga leksikograpiya, mga estudyante at gurong banyaga, lingguwistiko, *speech-language pathologist*, mang-aawit, aktor, mga tagalikha ng mga wikang guni-guni, at tagapagsalin.

Ang IPA ay dinisenyo at nirepresenta lamang sa kalidad ng pananalita na nasa wikang malalakas: phones, phonemes, intonation at mga isang salita at patnig. Para madagdagan ng kalidad ng pananalita, kagaya ng paggnashing sa ngipin, sigmatismo, at mga tunog na cleft lip and cleft palate, ang mga pinalawig na mga simbulo, ang mga pinalawig na International Phonetic Alphabet, ay puwedeng gamitin.

Ang mga simbolo sa IPA ay naka-kompos sa o maraming elemento ng dalawang karaniwang uri, mga titik at tuldik.

## Mga titik

### Pulnomikong katinig

Ang pulmonikong katinig ay isang katinig na ginawa ng mga glottis o oral cavity, at ito ay makapunta sa labas ng hangin mula sa baga. Pulnomikong katinig ang nakakagawa ng mga katiunig sa IPA, pati na rin sa mga wikang pantao. Lahat ng mga katinig sa wikang Ingles at makikita sa kategorya.

Ang tsart ng pulnomikong katinig, na nakakalagay ng napakaraming katinig, ay nakalagay sa pahiga na nakadisenyo ng manner of articulation, na ang kahulugan nito ay paano na katinig ay nakalaman, at ang mga patayo ay nakadisenyo sa place of articulation, na ang kahulugan ay ang mga trakt na patinig ay nakalaman.

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| Saan → | Labi | Harapan | Likuran | Lalamunan |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Paano ↓ | Parehong labi | Labi-ngipin | Labi-dila | Ngipin | Gilagid | Likurang gilagid | Dilang pulupot | (Gilagid-)​paleta | Ngala-ngala | Tilao | Lalaugan | Tagukan |
| Pailong | m̥ | m | ɱ̊ | ɱ |  | n̼ | n̪̊ | n̪ | n̥ | n | n̠̊ | n̠ | ɳ̊ | ɳ | ɲ̊ | ɲ | ŋ̊ | ŋ | ɴ̥ | ɴ |  |  |  |  |
| Pasara | p | b | p̪ | b̪ | t̼ | d̼ | t̪ | d̪ | t | d |  |  | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | ɡ | q | ɢ | ʡ |  | ʔ |  |
| Matinis na pasutsot |  |  |  |  |  |  | s̪ | z̪ | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ɕ | ʑ |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Di-matinis na pasutsot | ɸ | β | f | v | θ̼ | ð̼ | θ | ð | θ̠ | ð̠ | ɹ̠̊˔ | ɹ̠˔ | ɻ̊˔ | ɻ˔ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| Palapit |  | β̞ |  | ʋ |  |  |  | ð̞ |  | ɹ |  | ɹ̠ |  | ɻ |  | j |  | ɰ |  |  |  |  |  | ˷ |
| Simpleng pakatal |  | ⱱ̟ |  | ⱱ |  |  |  |  | ɾ̥ | ɾ |  |  | ɽ̊ | ɽ |  |  |  |  |  | ɢ̆ |  | ʡ̮ |  |  |
| Matinding pakatal | ʙ̥ | ʙ |  |  |  |  |  |  | r̥ | r |  | r̠ | ɽ̊r̥ | ɽr |  |  |  |  | ʀ̥ | ʀ | ʜ | ʢ |  |  |
| Pasutsot pagilid |  |  |  |  |  |  | ɬ̪ |  | ɬ | ɮ |  |  | ꞎ | 𝼅 | 𝼆 | ʎ̝ | 𝼄 | ʟ̝ |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Palapit pagilid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | l̪ | l̥ | l |  | l̠ | ɭ̊ | ɭ | ʎ̥ | ʎ | ʟ̥ | ʟ |  | ʟ̠ |  |  |  |  |
| Simpleng pakatal pagilid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ɺ̥ | ɺ |  |  | 𝼈̊ | 𝼈 |  | ʎ̮ |  | ʟ̆ |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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| * tulong
* tunog
* buo
* padron
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## Mga sanggunian