# Muroidea

| Muroidea Temporal range: Gitnang Eoseno – kasalukuyan
PreЄ
Є
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N |
| --- |
|  |
| Karaniwang vole (*Microtus arvalis*) |
| Pag-uuring siyentipiko  |
| Kaharian: | Animalia |
| Pilo: | Chordata |
| Klase: | Mammalia |
| Orden: | Rodentia |
| Suborden: | Myomorpha |
| Superpamilya: | Muroidea Illiger, 1811 |
| Mga pamilya |
|
Platacanthomyidae
Spalacidae
Calomyscidae
Nesomyidae
Cricetidae
Muridae
**kapatid:** Dipodoidea |

Ang **Muroidea** ay isang malaking superpamilya ng mga rodentia, kabilang ang mga bubuwit, daga, vole, hamster, leming, gerbil, at maraming pang ibang kamag-anak. Bagaman, nagmula ang Muroidea sa Eurasya, sinasakop nila ang malawak na iba't ibang panirahan sa bawat lupalop maliban sa Antartika. Nilagay ng ilang awtoridad ang lahat ng kasapi ng grupo na ito sa isang nag-iisang pamilya, ang Muridae, dahil sa kahirapan sa pagtukoy sa mga subpamilya na may kaugnayan sa isa't isa. Marami sa mga pamilya sa loob ng subpamilyang Muroidea ay mayroong mas maraming baryasyon sa pagitan ng iba't ibang klado. Isang posibleng eksplanasyon para sa mga baryasyon sa mga rodentia ay dahil sa lokasyon ng mga rodensyang ito; ang mga pagbabago na ito ay maaring dahil sa radyasyon o ang kabuuang kapaligiran na nilapatan o pinagmulan nila. Binatay ang sumunod na taksonomiya sa kamakailang lubos na sinuportang pilohenyang molekular.

Inuuri ang mga muroid sa anim na pamilya, 19 subpamilya, at mga 280 henera, at hindi bababa sa 1,750 espesye.

## Taksonomiya

* Pamilya Platacanthomyidae (*spiny dormouse* at *pygmy dormice*)
* Pamilya Spalacidae (mga muroid na posoryal)
	+ Subpamilya Myospalacinae (mga zokor)
	+ Subpamilya Rhizomyinae (mga dagang kawayan at dagang ugat)
	+ Subpamilya Spalacinae (bulag na dagang mole)
* Klado Eumuroida – mga tipikal na muroid
	+ Pamilya Calomyscidae
		- Subpamilya Calomyscinae (mga hamster na parang bubuwit)
	+ Pamilya Nesomyidae
		- Subpamilya Cricetomyinae (mga bubuwit at dagang may supot)
		- Subpamilya Dendromurinae (bubuwit na umaakyat na Aprikano, bubuwit na gerbil, bubuwit na mataba at bubuwit gubat)
		- Subpamilya Mystromyinae (dagang may puting buntot)
		- Subpamilya Nesomyinae (bubuwit at dagang Malagasi)
		- Subpamilya Petromyscinae (bubuwit bato at umaakyat na bubuwit lati)
	+ Pamilya Cricetidae
		- Subpamilya Arvicolinae (mga vole, leming at muskrat)
		- Subpamilya Cricetinae (mga tunay na hamster)
		- Subpamilya Neotominae (mga daga at bubuwit sa Hilagang Amerika)
		- Subpamilya Sigmodontinae (mga daga at bubuwit sa Bagong Mundo)
		- Subpamilya Tylomyinae (mga dagang bispera at dagang umaakyat)
	+ Pamilya Muridae
		- Subpamilya Deomyinae (dagang matinik, bubuwit na sinuklay ang balahibo at *link rat*)
		- Subpamilya Gerbillinae (mga gerbil, jird at dagang buhangin)
		- Subpamilya Leimacomyinae (Bubuwit na Togo)
		- Subpamilya Lophiomyinae (dagang krestado)
		- Subpamilya Murinae (mga daga at bubuwit ng Lumang Mundo kabilang ang mga dagang vlei)

## Pilohenya

Kinikilala ang limang pangunahing klado nina Jansa & Weksler (2004).

* Pamilya **Spalacidae**: Spalacinae, Myospalacinae, at Rhizomyinae (mga espesyang posoryal ng Lumang Mundo)
* Pamilya **Calomyscidae**: Calomyscinae (Asya)
* Pamilya **Nesomyidae**: Petromyscinae, Mystromyinae, Cricetomyinae, Nesomyinae, at gitnang mga *dendromurine* (Aprika at Madagascar)
* Pamilya **Muridae**: Murinae, Otomyinae, Gerbillinae, Acomyinae, at Lophiomyinae (Lumang Mundo)
* Pamilya **Cricetidae**: Sigmodontinae, Arvicolinae, at Cricetinae (Bagong Mundo)

Magkasama, binubuo ng Muroidea at ang kapatid na pangkat nitong Dipodoidea ang suborden na Myomorpha.

Ang sumunod na pilohenya ng higit sa 70 Muroidea na henera, batay sa pilohenetikng molekular na pagsusuri ng heneng *Interphotoreceptor Retinoid Binding Protein* (IRBP), ay mula kina Jansa & Weksler (2004: 264). Bagaman hindi sinuri ang Platacanthomyidae nina Jansa & Weksler (2004), isang pag-aaral nina Fabre et al. noong 2012 ang minungkahi na ito ang pinakasaligang angkan ng Muroidea.

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| **Muroidea**  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | **Platacanthomyidae** |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Spalacidae**  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Spalacinae  | *Spalax* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Myospalacinae  | *Myospalax* |
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| Rhizomyinae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Tachyoryctes* |
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|  | *Rhizomys* |
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 |
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 |
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| Eumuroida  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Calomyscidae**  | *Calomyscus* |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Nesomyidae**  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Hypogeomys* |
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| --- | --- |
|  | *Nesomys* |
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|  | *Brachyuromys* |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- |
|  | *Monticolomys* |
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|  | *Macrotarsomys* |
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 |
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| --- | --- |
|  | *Brachytarsomys* |
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| --- | --- |
|  | *Gymnuromys* |
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| --- | --- |
|  | *Voalavo* |
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|  | *Eliurus* |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- | --- |
| Petromyscinae  | *Petromyscus* |
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| Mystromyinae  | *Mystromys* |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Cricetomys* |
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|  | *Beamys* |
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 |
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|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Saccostomus* |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Steatomys* |
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|  | *Dendromus* |
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| **Muridae**  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Lophiomyinae  | *Lophiomys* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Gerbillinae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Tatera* |
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|  | *Meriones* |
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 |
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| Acomyinae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Lophuromys* |
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| --- | --- |
|  | *Deomys* |
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|  | *Acomys* |
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 |
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 |
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 |
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| Murinae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Phloeomys* |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Micromys* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Maxomys* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Niviventer* |
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|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Sundamys* |
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|  | *Rattus* |
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 |
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 |
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 |
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 |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Rhynchomys* |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Otomys* |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Aethomys* |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Rhabdomys* |
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|  | *Grammomys* |
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 |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Tokudaia* |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Mus* |
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|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Mastomys* |
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|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Praomys* |
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|  | *Hylomyscus* |
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| **Cricetidae**  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Cricetinae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Cricetulus* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Phodopus* |
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|  | *Mesocricetus* |
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|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Tylomyinae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Tylomys* |
|  |
|  | *Nyctomys* |
|  |

 |
|  |
| Neotominae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Neotoma* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Scotinomys* |
|  |
|  | *Peromyscus* |
|  |

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 |
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|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Arvicolinae  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Microtus* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Eothenomys* |
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|  | *Clethrionomys* |
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| Sigmodontinae  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Sigmodon* |
|  |
|  | *Rheomys* |
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 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Scapteromys* |
|  |
|  | *Akodon* |
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 |
|  |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Reithrodon* |
|  |
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|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Thomasomys* |
|  |
|  | *Rhipidomys* |
|  |

 |
|  |

 |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Zygodontomys* |
|  |
|  | *Scolomys* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Oryzomys* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Oligoryzomys* |
|  |
|  | *Nectomys* |
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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Delomys* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Phyllotis* |
|  |
|  | *Calomys* |
|  |

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|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Juliomys* |
|  |
|  | *Irenomys* |
|  |

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|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Wiedomys* |
|  |
|  |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | *Notiomys* |
|  |
|  | *Abrothrix* |
|  |

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## Mga sanggunian