# อักษรอี๋

เอกสารที่เขียนด้วยอักษรอี๋รุ่นเก่า
**อักษรอี๋** (Yi Syllabary) ต้นกำเนิดของอักษรอี๋ไม่แน่นอน แต่อาจเป็นไปได้ว่าได้รับอิทธิพลจากอักษรจีน อักษรอี๋ที่เก่าที่สุดมีอายุราว พ.ศ. 2100 ใช้ในทางศาสนาและบันทึกลับ เป็นเวลาหลายศตวรรษ ผู้เขียนส่วนใหญ่เพิ่มอักษรใหม่เข้าไปเรื่อยๆ ในระยะหนึ่งอักษรนี้มีสัญลักษณ์ถึง 8,000 ตัว รูปแบบที่จัดมาตรฐานแล้วโดยรัฐบาลเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2518 เริ่มมีการสอนในโรงเรียนเมื่อ พ.ศ. 2519 ประมาณ พ.ศ. 2500 มีการนำอักษรโรมันมาเขียนภาษาอี๋ เรียก อักษรอี๋ดำ ใช้เฉพาะในหมู่ชาวคริสต์ ชาวอี๋ส่วนใหญ่ยังใช้อักษรอี๋

## ลักษณะ

สัญลักษณ์แต่ละตัวใช้แทนพยางค์ โดยแต่ละตัวมี 3 แบบ แทนเสียงวรรณยุกต์ 3 เสียง มี สัญลักษณ์ 819 ตัว สัญลักษณ์เหล่านี้ใช้กับคำภาษาอี๋ 756 ตัว ใช้สำหรับคำยืมจากภาษาจีนและภาษาอื่น 63 ตัว จัดเป็นอักษรพยางค์ที่ใหญ่ที่สุดก่อนการจัดมาตรฐาน

ต่อไปนี้เป็นตารางแสดงอักษรอี๋สมัยใหม่ที่ปรับมาตรฐานแล้ว

|   | - | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   | [p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m͡b] | [m̥] | [m] | [f] | [v] | [t] | [tʰ] | [d] | [n͡d] | [n̥] | [n] | [ɬ] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [ɡ] | [ŋ͡ɡ] | [h] | [ŋ] | [x] | [ɣ] | [t͡s] | [t͡sʰ] | [d͡z] | [nd͡z] | [s] | [z] | [t͡ʂ] | [t͡ʂʰ] | [d͡ʐ] | [nd͡ʐ] | [ʂ] | [ʐ] | [t͡ɕ] | [t͡ɕʰ] | [d͡ʑ] | [nd͡ʑ] | [ȵ] | [ɕ] | [ʑ] |
| it | [i̋] | ꀀ | ꀖ | ꀸ | ꁖ | ꁶ | ꂑ | ꂮ | ꃍ | ꃢ | ꄀ | ꄚ | ꄶ | ꅑ | ꅨ | ꅽ | ꆗ | ꆷ | ꇚ | ꇸ | ꈔ |   | ꉆ |   | ꉮ |   | ꊍ | ꊮ | ꋐ | ꋭ | ꌉ | ꌪ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏠ | ꏼ | ꐘ | ꐱ | ꑊ | ꑝ | ꑱ |
| ix | [ǐ] | ꀁ | ꀗ | ꀹ | ꁗ | ꁷ | ꂒ | ꂯ | ꃎ | ꃣ | ꄁ | ꄛ | ꄷ | ꅒ | ꅩ | ꅾ | ꆘ | ꆸ | ꇛ | ꇹ | ꈕ |   | ꉇ |   |   |   | ꊎ | ꊯ | ꋑ | ꋮ | ꌊ | ꌫ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏡ | ꏽ | ꐙ | ꐲ | ꑋ | ꑞ | ꑲ |
| i | [ī] | ꀂ | ꀘ | ꀺ | ꁘ | ꁸ | ꂓ | ꂰ | ꃏ | ꃤ | ꄂ | ꄜ | ꄸ | ꅓ | ꅪ | ꅿ | ꆙ | ꆹ | ꇜ | ꇺ | ꈖ |   | ꉈ |   |   |   | ꊏ | ꊰ | ꋒ | ꋯ | ꌋ | ꌬ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏢ | ꏾ | ꐚ | ꐳ | ꑌ | ꑟ | ꑳ |
| ip | [î] | ꀃ | ꀙ | ꀻ | ꁙ | ꁹ | ꂔ | ꂱ | ꃐ | ꃥ | ꄃ | ꄝ | ꄹ | ꅔ | ꅫ | ꆀ | ꆚ | ꆺ | ꇝ | ꇻ |   |   | ꉉ |   |   |   | ꊐ | ꊱ | ꋓ | ꋰ | ꌌ | ꌭ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏣ | ꏿ | ꐛ | ꐴ | ꑍ | ꑠ | ꑴ |
| iet | [ɛ̋] | ꀄ | ꀚ |   | ꁚ |   |   |   |   | ꃦ |   |   |   |   | ꅬ |   |   | ꆻ | ꇞ |   |   |   | ꉊ |   |   |   |   | ꊲ | ꋔ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏤ | ꐀ | ꐜ | ꐵ | ꑎ | ꑡ | ꑵ |
| iex | [ɛ̌] | ꀅ | ꀛ | ꀼ | ꁛ | ꁺ | ꂕ | ꂲ |   | ꃧ | ꄄ | ꄞ | ꄺ | ꅕ | ꅭ | ꆁ | ꆛ | ꆼ | ꇟ | ꇼ | ꈗ | ꈰ | ꉋ | ꉝ | ꉯ |   | ꊑ | ꊳ | ꋕ | ꋱ | ꌍ | ꌮ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏥ | ꐁ | ꐝ | ꐶ | ꑏ | ꑢ | ꑶ |
| ie | [ɛ̄] | ꀆ | ꀜ | ꀽ | ꁜ | ꁻ | ꂖ | ꂳ |   | ꃨ | ꄅ | ꄟ | ꄻ | ꅖ | ꅮ | ꆂ | ꆜ | ꆽ | ꇠ | ꇽ | ꈘ | ꈱ | ꉌ | ꉞ | ꉰ |   | ꊒ | ꊴ | ꋖ | ꋲ | ꌎ | ꌯ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏦ | ꐂ | ꐞ | ꐷ | ꑐ | ꑣ | ꑷ |
| iep | [ɛ̂] | ꀇ | ꀝ | ꀾ | ꁝ | ꁼ | ꂗ | ꂴ |   | ꃩ | ꄆ | ꄠ | ꄼ |   | ꅯ | ꆃ | ꆝ | ꆾ | ꇡ | ꇾ | ꈙ |   | ꉍ | ꉟ |   |   | ꊓ | ꊵ | ꋗ | ꋳ | ꌏ | ꌰ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꏧ | ꐃ | ꐟ | ꐸ | ꑑ | ꑤ | ꑸ |
| at | [a̋] | ꀈ | ꀞ | ꀿ | ꁞ | ꁽ | ꂘ | ꂵ | ꃑ | ꃪ | ꄇ | ꄡ | ꄽ | ꅗ | ꅰ |   | ꆞ | ꆿ | ꇢ | ꇿ | ꈚ | ꈲ | ꉎ | ꉠ | ꉱ | ꊀ | ꊔ | ꊶ | ꋘ | ꋴ | ꌐ | ꌱ | ꍆ | ꍡ |   | ꎔ | ꎫ | ꏆ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| ax | [ǎ] | ꀉ | ꀟ | ꁀ | ꁟ | ꁾ | ꂙ | ꂶ | ꃒ | ꃫ | ꄈ | ꄢ | ꄾ | ꅘ | ꅱ | ꆄ | ꆟ | ꇀ | ꇣ | ꈀ | ꈛ | ꈳ | ꉏ | ꉡ | ꉲ | ꊁ | ꊕ | ꊷ | ꋙ | ꋵ | ꌑ | ꌲ | ꍇ | ꍢ | ꍼ | ꎕ | ꎬ | ꏇ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| a | [ā] | ꀊ | ꀠ | ꁁ | ꁠ | ꁿ | ꂚ | ꂷ | ꃓ | ꃬ | ꄉ | ꄣ | ꄿ | ꅙ | ꅲ | ꆅ | ꆠ | ꇁ | ꇤ | ꈁ | ꈜ | ꈴ | ꉐ | ꉢ | ꉳ | ꊂ | ꊖ | ꊸ | ꋚ | ꋶ | ꌒ | ꌳ | ꍈ | ꍣ | ꍽ | ꎖ | ꎭ | ꏈ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| ap | [â] | ꀋ | ꀡ | ꁂ | ꁡ | ꂀ | ꂛ | ꂸ | ꃔ | ꃭ | ꄊ | ꄤ | ꅀ | ꅚ | ꅳ | ꆆ | ꆡ | ꇂ | ꇥ | ꈂ | ꈝ | ꈵ | ꉑ | ꉣ | ꉴ | ꊃ | ꊗ | ꊹ | ꋛ | ꋷ | ꌓ | ꌴ | ꍉ | ꍤ |   | ꎗ | ꎮ | ꏉ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| uot | [ɔ̋] |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꂹ |   |   |   | ꄥ |   |   |   |   |   | ꇃ | ꇦ |   | ꈞ |   | ꉒ | ꉤ | ꉵ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꍥ |   |   |   |   | ꏨ | ꐄ |   |   |   |   | ꑹ |
| uox | [ɔ̌] | ꀌ | ꀢ | ꁃ | ꁢ |   | ꂜ | ꂺ |   |   | ꄋ | ꄦ | ꅁ |   | ꅴ | ꆇ | ꆢ | ꇄ | ꇧ | ꈃ | ꈟ | ꈶ | ꉓ | ꉥ | ꉶ | ꊄ | ꊘ | ꊺ |   | ꋸ | ꌔ |   | ꍊ | ꍦ | ꍾ |   | ꎯ | ꏊ | ꏩ | ꐅ | ꐠ | ꐹ | ꑒ | ꑥ | ꑺ |
| uo | [ɔ̄] | ꀍ | ꀣ | ꁄ | ꁣ |   | ꂝ | ꂻ |   |   | ꄌ | ꄧ | ꅂ |   | ꅵ | ꆈ | ꆣ | ꇅ | ꇨ | ꈄ | ꈠ | ꈷ | ꉔ | ꉦ | ꉷ | ꊅ | ꊙ | ꊻ |   | ꋹ | ꌕ |   | ꍋ | ꍧ | ꍿ |   | ꎰ | ꏋ | ꏪ | ꐆ | ꐡ | ꐺ | ꑓ | ꑦ | ꑻ |
| uop | [ɔ̂] | ꀎ | ꀤ | ꁅ | ꁤ |   | ꂞ | ꂼ |   |   |   | ꄨ | ꅃ |   |   | ꆉ | ꆤ | ꇆ | ꇩ | ꈅ | ꈡ | ꈸ | ꉕ |   | ꉸ | ꊆ | ꊚ | ꊼ |   |   | ꌖ |   | ꍌ | ꍨ |   |   | ꎱ | ꏌ | ꏫ | ꐇ | ꐢ |   | ꑔ |   | ꑼ |
| ot | [ő] | ꀏ | ꀥ | ꁆ | ꁥ | ꂁ | ꂟ | ꂽ |   | ꃮ | ꄍ | ꄩ | ꅄ | ꅛ | ꅶ | ꆊ |   | ꇇ | ꇪ | ꈆ | ꈢ | ꈹ | ꉖ | ꉧ | ꉹ |   | ꊛ | ꊽ |   |   | ꌗ | ꌵ | ꍍ | ꍩ | ꎀ |   | ꎲ | ꏍ | ꏬ | ꐈ | ꐣ | ꐻ | ꑕ | ꑧ | ꑽ |
| ox | [ǒ] | ꀐ | ꀦ | ꁇ | ꁦ | ꂂ | ꂠ | ꂾ | ꃕ | ꃯ | ꄎ | ꄪ | ꅅ | ꅜ | ꅷ | ꆋ | ꆥ | ꇈ | ꇫ | ꈇ | ꈣ | ꈺ | ꉗ | ꉨ | ꉺ | ꊇ | ꊜ | ꊾ | ꋜ | ꋺ | ꌘ | ꌶ | ꍎ | ꍪ | ꎁ | ꎘ | ꎳ | ꏎ | ꏭ | ꐉ | ꐤ | ꐼ | ꑖ | ꑨ | ꑾ |
| o | [ō] | ꀑ | ꀧ | ꁈ | ꁧ | ꂃ | ꂡ | ꂿ | ꃖ | ꃰ | ꄏ | ꄫ | ꅆ | ꅝ |   | ꆌ | ꆦ | ꇉ | ꇬ | ꈈ | ꈤ | ꈻ | ꉘ | ꉩ | ꉻ | ꊈ | ꊝ | ꊿ | ꋝ |   | ꌙ | ꌷ | ꍏ | ꍫ | ꎂ | ꎙ | ꎴ | ꏏ | ꏮ | ꐊ | ꐥ | ꐽ | ꑗ | ꑩ | ꑿ |
| op | [ô] | ꀒ | ꀨ | ꁉ | ꁨ | ꂄ | ꂢ | ꃀ | ꃗ | ꃱ | ꄐ | ꄬ | ꅇ | ꅞ | ꅸ | ꆍ | ꆧ | ꇊ | ꇭ | ꈉ | ꈥ | ꈼ | ꉙ | ꉪ | ꉼ | ꊉ | ꊞ | ꋀ | ꋞ | ꋻ | ꌚ | ꌸ | ꍐ | ꍬ | ꎃ | ꎚ | ꎵ | ꏐ | ꏯ | ꐋ | ꐦ | ꐾ | ꑘ | ꑪ | ꒀ |
| et | [ɯ̋] |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꇮ | ꈊ | ꈦ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꍑ | ꍭ | ꎄ | ꎛ | ꎶ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| ex | [ɯ̌] | ꀓ | ꀩ |   | ꁩ |   |   | ꃁ |   | ꃲ | ꄑ | ꄭ | ꅈ | ꅟ | ꅹ | ꆎ | ꆨ | ꇋ | ꇯ | ꈋ | ꈧ | ꈽ | ꉚ | ꉫ | ꉽ | ꊊ | ꊟ | ꋁ | ꋟ | ꋼ | ꌛ | ꌹ | ꍒ | ꍮ | ꎅ | ꎜ | ꎷ | ꏑ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| e | [ɯ̄] | ꀔ | ꀪ |   | ꁪ |   |   | ꃂ |   |   | ꄒ | ꄮ | ꅉ | ꅠ | ꅺ | ꆏ | ꆩ | ꇌ | ꇰ | ꈌ | ꈨ | ꈾ | ꉛ | ꉬ | ꉾ | ꊋ | ꊠ | ꋂ | ꋠ | ꋽ | ꌜ | ꌺ | ꍓ | ꍯ | ꎆ | ꎝ | ꎸ | ꏒ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| ep | [ɯ̂] |   | ꀫ |   | ꁫ |   |   |   |   | ꃳ | ꄓ | ꄯ | ꅊ | ꅡ | ꅻ | ꆐ | ꆪ | ꇍ | ꇱ | ꈍ | ꈩ | ꈿ | ꉜ | ꉭ | ꉿ | ꊌ | ꊡ | ꋃ | ꋡ |   | ꌝ | ꌻ | ꍔ | ꍰ | ꎇ | ꎞ | ꎹ | ꏓ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| ut | [ű] |   | ꀬ | ꁊ | ꁬ | ꂅ | ꂣ | ꃃ | ꃘ | ꃴ | ꄔ | ꄰ | ꅋ | ꅢ | ꅼ | ꆑ | ꆫ | ꇎ | ꇲ | ꈎ | ꈪ | ꉀ |   |   |   |   | ꊢ | ꋄ |   |   | ꌞ | ꌼ | ꍕ |   | ꎈ | ꎟ | ꎺ | ꏔ | ꏰ | ꐌ | ꐧ |   | ꑙ |   | ꒁ |
| ux | [ǔ] |   | ꀭ | ꁋ | ꁭ | ꂆ | ꂤ | ꃄ | ꃙ | ꃵ | ꄕ | ꄱ | ꅌ | ꅣ |   | ꆒ | ꆬ | ꇏ | ꇳ | ꈏ | ꈫ | ꉁ |   |   |   |   | ꊣ | ꋅ | ꋢ | ꋾ | ꌟ | ꌽ | ꍖ | ꍱ | ꎉ | ꎠ | ꎻ | ꏕ | ꏱ | ꐍ | ꐨ | ꐿ | ꑚ |   | ꒂ |
| u | [ū] |   | ꀮ | ꁌ | ꁮ | ꂇ | ꂥ | ꃅ | ꃚ | ꃶ | ꄖ | ꄲ | ꅍ | ꅤ |   | ꆓ | ꆭ | ꇐ | ꇴ | ꈐ | ꈬ | ꉂ |   |   |   |   | ꊤ | ꋆ | ꋣ | ꋿ | ꌠ | ꌾ | ꍗ | ꍲ | ꎊ | ꎡ | ꎼ | ꏖ | ꏲ | ꐎ | ꐩ | ꑀ | ꑛ |   | ꒃ |
| up | [û] |   | ꀯ | ꁍ | ꁯ | ꂈ | ꂦ | ꃆ | ꃛ | ꃷ | ꄗ | ꄳ | ꅎ | ꅥ |   | ꆔ | ꆮ | ꇑ | ꇵ | ꈑ | ꈭ | ꉃ |   |   |   |   | ꊥ | ꋇ | ꋤ | ꌀ | ꌡ | ꌿ | ꍘ | ꍳ | ꎋ | ꎢ | ꎽ | ꏗ | ꏳ | ꐏ | ꐪ | ꑁ | ꑜ |   | ꒄ |
| urx | [ǔ̱] |   | ꀰ | ꁎ | ꁰ | ꂉ | ꂧ | ꃇ | ꃜ | ꃸ | ꄘ | ꄴ | ꅏ | ꅦ |   | ꆕ | ꆯ | ꇒ | ꇶ | ꈒ | ꈮ | ꉄ |   |   |   |   | ꊦ | ꋈ | ꋥ | ꌁ | ꌢ |   | ꍙ | ꍴ | ꎌ | ꎣ | ꎾ | ꏘ | ꏴ | ꐐ | ꐫ | ꑂ |   |   | ꒅ |
| ur | [ū̱] |   | ꀱ | ꁏ | ꁱ | ꂊ | ꂨ | ꃈ | ꃝ | ꃹ | ꄙ | ꄵ | ꅐ | ꅧ |   | ꆖ | ꆰ | ꇓ | ꇷ | ꈓ | ꈯ | ꉅ |   |   |   |   | ꊧ | ꋉ | ꋦ | ꌂ | ꌣ |   | ꍚ | ꍵ | ꎍ | ꎤ | ꎿ | ꏙ | ꏵ | ꐑ | ꐬ | ꑃ |   |   | ꒆ |
| yt | [ɿ̋] |   | ꀲ | ꁐ | ꁲ | ꂋ |   | ꃉ | ꃞ | ꃺ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꆱ | ꇔ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꊨ | ꋊ | ꋧ | ꌃ | ꌤ | ꍀ | ꍛ | ꍶ | ꎎ | ꎥ | ꏀ | ꏚ | ꏶ | ꐒ | ꐭ | ꑄ |   | ꑫ | ꒇ |
| yx | [ɿ̌] |   | ꀳ | ꁑ | ꁳ | ꂌ | ꂩ | ꃊ | ꃟ | ꃻ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꆲ | ꇕ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꊩ | ꋋ | ꋨ | ꌄ | ꌥ | ꍁ | ꍜ | ꍷ | ꎏ | ꎦ | ꏁ | ꏛ | ꏷ | ꐓ | ꐮ | ꑅ |   | ꑬ | ꒈ |
| y | [ɿ̄] |   | ꀴ | ꁒ | ꁴ | ꂍ | ꂪ | ꃋ | ꃠ | ꃼ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꆳ | ꇖ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꊪ | ꋌ | ꋩ | ꌅ | ꌦ | ꍂ | ꍝ | ꍸ | ꎐ | ꎧ | ꏂ | ꏜ | ꏸ | ꐔ | ꐯ | ꑆ |   | ꑭ | ꒉ |
| yp | [ɿ̂] |   | ꀵ | ꁓ | ꁵ | ꂎ | ꂫ | ꃌ | ꃡ | ꃽ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꆴ | ꇗ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꊫ | ꋍ | ꋪ | ꌆ | ꌧ | ꍃ | ꍞ | ꍹ | ꎑ | ꎨ | ꏃ | ꏝ | ꏹ | ꐕ | ꐰ | ꑇ |   | ꑮ | ꒊ |
| yrx | [ɿ̱̌] |   | ꀶ | ꁔ |   | ꂏ | ꂬ |   |   | ꃾ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꆵ | ꇘ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꊬ | ꋎ | ꋫ | ꌇ | ꌨ | ꍄ | ꍟ | ꍺ | ꎒ | ꎩ | ꏄ | ꏞ | ꏺ | ꐖ |   | ꑈ |   | ꑯ | ꒋ |
| yr | [ɿ̱̄] |   | ꀷ | ꁕ |   | ꂐ | ꂭ |   |   | ꃿ |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꆶ | ꇙ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꊭ | ꋏ | ꋬ | ꌈ | ꌩ | ꍅ | ꍠ | ꍻ | ꎓ | ꎪ | ꏅ | ꏟ | ꏻ | ꐗ |   | ꑉ |   | ꑰ | ꒌ |
|   |   | [p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m͡b] | [m̥] | [m] | [f] | [v] | [t] | [tʰ] | [d] | [n͡d] | [n̥] | [n] | [ɬ] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [ɡ] | [ŋ͡ɡ] | [h] | [ŋ] | [x] | [ɣ] | [t͡s] | [t͡sʰ] | [d͡z] | [nd͡z] | [s] | [z] | [t͡ʂ] | [t͡ʂʰ] | [d͡ʐ] | [nd͡ʐ] | [ʂ] | [ʐ] | [t͡ɕ] | [t͡ɕʰ] | [d͡ʑ] | [nd͡ʑ] | [ȵ] | [ɕ] | [ʑ] |
| - | b | p | bb | nb | hm | m | f | v | d | t | dd | nd | hn | n | hl | l | g | k | gg | mg | hx | ng | h | w | z | c | zz | nz | s | ss | zh | ch | rr | nr | sh | r | j | q | jj | nj | ny | x | y |

## ใช้เขียน

* ภาษาอี๋หรือโลโล ซึ่งเป็นภาษาตระกูลทิเบต-พม่า สาขาโลโล มีผู้พูด 2 – 5.5 ล้านคน ในยูนนานและเสฉวน ประเทศจีน

## อ้างอิง

* อักษรอี๋ (ในภาษาอังกฤษ)
* ข้อความ อักษรอี๋ ทั้งหมดมาพร้อมกับเสียง (ในภาษาอังกฤษ)