# Фосфор

Фосфор, 15P| waxy white (yellow cut), red (granules centre left, chunk centre right), and violet phosphorus |
| Фосфор |
| Талаффуз | /ˈfɒsfərəs/ ​(*FOS-fər-əs*) |
| Номи дигар | phosphorus |
| Намуди зоҳирӣ | беранг, сафаед, зард, сурхи баланд, сурх, бунафшранги мумӣ |
| Вазни атомии муқаррарӣ *A*r, std(P) | 7001309737619980000♠30.973761998(5) |
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| Фосфор дар ҷадвали даврӣ |
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|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ҳидроген |  | ҳелий |
| литий | бериллий |  | бор (элемент) | карбон | натрий | оксиген | фтор | неон |
| натрий | магний |  | алюминий | силитсий | фосфор | сулфур | хлор | аргон |
| калий | калсий | скандий |  | титан (элемент) | ванадий | хром | манган | оҳан | кобалт | никел | мис | руҳ | галлий | германий | арсен | селен | бром | криптон |
| рубидий | стронсий | иттрий |  |  | сирконий | ниобий | молибден | технетсий | рутений | родий | палладий | нуқра | кадмий | индий | қалъагӣ | сурма | теллур | йод | ксенон |
| сезий | барий | лантан | серий | празеодим | неодим | прометий | самарий | европий | гадолиний | тербий | диспрозий | ҳолмий | эрбий | тулий | иттербий | лютесий | ҳафний | тантал | волфрам | рений | осмий | иридий | платина | тилло | симоб | таллий | сурб | висмут | полоний | астат | радон |
| франcий | радий | актиний | торий | протактиний | уран (элемент) | нептуний | плутоний | америcий | кюрий | берклий | калифорний | эйнштейний | фермий | менделевий | нобелий | лоуренсий | резерфордий | дубний | сиборгий | борий | ҳассий | мейтнерий | дармштадтий | рентгений | коперниcий | ниҳоний | флеровий | московиум | ливерморий | теннесин | оганессон |

 | N ↑ **P** ↓ As |
| силитсий ← **фосфор** → сулфур |

 |

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| Рақами атомӣ (*Z*) | 15 |
| Гурӯҳ | гурӯҳи 15 (гурӯҳи азот) |
| Давр | даври 3  |
| Блок | p-блок  |
| Категорияи элемент |   Ғайриметали реактивӣ |
| Конфигуратсияи электрон | [Ne] 3s2 3p3 |
| Электронҳо аз рӯӣ ҷилд | 2, 8, 5 |
| Хосиятҳои физикӣ |
| Фаза дар ҲФМ | сахт |
| Нуқтаи гудозиш | white: 317.3 K ​(44.15 °C, ​111.5 °F)  red: ∼860 K (∼590 °C, ∼1090 °F) |
| Ҳарорати ҷӯшиш | white: 553.7 K ​(280.5 °C, ​536.9 °F)  |
| Нуқтаи сублиматсия | red: ≈689.2–863 K ​(≈416–590 °C, ​≈780.8–1094 °F)  violet: 893 K (620 °C, 1148 °F) |
| Зичӣ (наздик ба ҳ.х.) | white: 1.823 g/cm3 red: ≈2.2–2.34 гр/см3 violet: 2.36 гр/см3  black: 2.69 гр/см3  |
| Ҳарорати гудозиши хос | white: 0.66 кҶ/мол  |
| Ҳарорати буғшавии хос | white: 51.9 кҶ/мол  |
| Гармигунҷоиши молярӣ | white: 23.824 Ҷ/(мол·К)  |
| **Буғи сершуда** (white)

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 279 | 307 | 342 | 388 | 453 | 549 |

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| **Буғи сершуда** (red, b.p. 431 °C)

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 455 | 489 | 529 | 576 | 635 | 704 |

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| Хосиятҳои атомӣ |
| Дараҷаҳои оксидшавӣ | **−3**, −2, −1, +1, +2, **+3**, +4, **+5** (a mildly acidic oxide) |
| Электроманфиият | Ҷадвали Полинг: 2.19  |
| Қувваҳои иондоршавӣ | * 1-ум: 1011.8 кҶ/мол
* 2-юм: 1907 кҶ/мол
* 3-юм: 2914.1 кҶ/мол
* (бештар)
 |
| Радиуси ковалентӣ | 107±3 пм  |
| Радиуси Ван дер Ваалс | 180 пм  |
| Color lines in a spectral range**Хатҳои спектрии Фосфор** |
| Дигар хосиятҳо |
| Сохтори булӯрӣ |  ​body-centered cubic (bcc) |
| Гармигузаронандагӣ | white: 0.236 W/(m·K)  black: 12.1 W/(m·K)  |
| Тартибории магнитӣ | сафед, сурх, бунафшранг, сиёҳ: диамагнетик
</ref>  |
| Таъсирпазирии магнитӣ | −20.8·10−6 см3/мол (293 K) |
| Модули чандирии ҳаҷмдор | white: 5 GPa red: 11 ГПа  |
| Рақами CAS | 7723-14-0 (red) 12185-10-3 (white) |
| Таърих |
| Кашф | Hennig Brand (1669) |
| Recognised as an element by | Антуан Лавуазйе (1777) |
| Изотопҳои асосии фосфор |
|

| Изо­топ | Мавҷу­дият | Давраи ним­таҷзия (*t*1/2) | Тарзи таҷзия | Маҳ­сул |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 31P | 100% | собит |
| 32P | trace | 14.28 d | β− | 32S |
| 33P | trace | 25.3 d | β− | 33S |

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**Фосфор** (англ. phosphorus) — унсури химиявӣ, рақами атомиаш 15 буда бо рамзи **P** ишора карда мешавад.

Дар ҷадвали даврии ҳозира замон, Фосфор дар блоки p ва дар 15-ум гурӯҳи элементҳо ҷойгир мебошад.

## Хосиятҳо

### Физикӣ

### Химиявӣ

### Атомӣ

### Изотопҳо

### Мавҷудият дар табиат

## Таърих

### Кашфв

### Номгузорӣ

## Пайвандҳо

* Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимёӣ

## Эзоҳ

## Адабиёт

* *Менделеев Д. И.* Элементы химические // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.

## Ҳаволаҳои беруна

Анбори Википедиа дар бораи ин мавзӯъ гурӯҳ дорад:
Фосфор