# Рубидий

Рубидий, 37Rb|  |
| Рубидий |
| Талаффуз | /ruːˈbɪdiəm/ ​(*roo-BID-ee-əm*) |
| Номи дигар | rubidium |
| Намуди зоҳирӣ | сафеди хокистартоб |
| Вазни атомии муқаррарӣ *A*r, std(Rb) | 7001854678000000000♠85.4678(3) |
| Рубидий дар ҷадвали даврӣ |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ҳидроген |  | ҳелий |
| литий | бериллий |  | бор (элемент) | карбон | натрий | оксиген | фтор | неон |
| натрий | магний |  | алюминий | силитсий | фосфор | сулфур | хлор | аргон |
| калий | калсий | скандий |  | титан (элемент) | ванадий | хром | манган | оҳан | кобалт | никел | мис | руҳ | галлий | германий | арсен | селен | бром | криптон |
| рубидий | стронсий | иттрий |  |  | сирконий | ниобий | молибден | технетсий | рутений | родий | палладий | нуқра | кадмий | индий | қалъагӣ | сурма | теллур | йод | ксенон |
| сезий | барий | лантан | серий | празеодим | неодим | прометий | самарий | европий | гадолиний | тербий | диспрозий | ҳолмий | эрбий | тулий | иттербий | лютесий | ҳафний | тантал | волфрам | рений | осмий | иридий | платина | тилло | симоб | таллий | сурб | висмут | полоний | астат | радон |
| франcий | радий | актиний | торий | протактиний | уран (элемент) | нептуний | плутоний | америcий | кюрий | берклий | калифорний | эйнштейний | фермий | менделевий | нобелий | лоуренсий | резерфордий | дубний | сиборгий | борий | ҳассий | мейтнерий | дармштадтий | рентгений | коперниcий | ниҳоний | флеровий | московиум | ливерморий | теннесин | оганессон |

 | K ↑ **Rb** ↓ Cs |
| криптон ← **рубидий** → стронсий |

 |

 |
| Рақами атомӣ (*Z*) | 37 |
| Гурӯҳ | гурӯҳи 1: H ва металлҳои ишқорӣ |
| Давр | даври 5  |
| Блок | s-блок  |
| Категорияи элемент |   Металли ишқорӣ |
| Конфигуратсияи электрон | [Kr] 5s1 |
| Электронҳо аз рӯӣ ҷилд | 2, 8, 18, 8, 1 |
| Хосиятҳои физикӣ |
| Фаза дар ҲФМ | сахт |
| Нуқтаи гудозиш | 312.45 K ​(39.30 °C, ​102.74 °F)  |
| Ҳарорати ҷӯшиш | 961 K ​(688 °C, ​1270 °F)  |
| Зичӣ (наздик ба ҳ.х.) | 1.532 гр/см3 |
| ҳангоми моеъ будан (дар н.г.) | 1.46 гр/см3  |
| Нуқтаи сечанда | 312.41 K, ​? кПа  |
| Нуқтаи бӯҳронӣ | 2093 K, 16 МПа *(extrapolated)* |
| Ҳарорати гудозиши хос | 2.19 кҶ/мол  |
| Ҳарорати буғшавии хос | 69 кҶ/мол  |
| Гармигунҷоиши молярӣ | 31.060 Ҷ/(мол·К)  |
| **Буғи сершуда**

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 434 | 486 | 552 | 641 | 769 | 958 |

 |
| Хосиятҳои атомӣ |
| Дараҷаҳои оксидшавӣ | −1, **+1** (a strongly basic oxide) |
| Электроманфиият | Ҷадвали Полинг: 0.82  |
| Қувваҳои иондоршавӣ | * 1-ум: 403 кҶ/мол
* 2-юм: 2632.1 кҶ/мол
* 3-юм: 3859.4 кҶ/мол
*
 |
| Радиуси атом | эмпирикӣ: 248 пм  |
| Радиуси ковалентӣ | 220±9 пм  |
| Радиуси Ван дер Ваалс | 303 пм  |
| Color lines in a spectral range**Хатҳои спектрии Рубидий** |
| Дигар хосиятҳо |
| Сохтори булӯрӣ |  ​body-centered cubic (bcc) |
| Суръати овоз  thin rod | 1300 м/с (дар 20 °C)  |
| Васеъшавии ҳароратӣ | 90 µm/(m·K) (at r.t.) |
| Гармигузаронандагӣ | 58.2 W/(m·K)  |
| Муқобилияти нисбӣ | 128 nΩ·m (дар 20 °C)  |
| Тартибории магнитӣ | парамагнетик  |
| Таъсирпазирии магнитӣ | +17.0·10−6 см3/мол (303 K) |
| Модули Юнг | 2.4 ГПа  |
| Модули чандирии ҳаҷмдор | 2.5 ГПа  |
| Сахтии Моос | 0.3  |
| Сахтӣ аз рӯи Бринелл | 0.216 МПа  |
| Рақами CAS | 7440-17-7  |
| Таърих |
| Кашф | Роберт Бунсен and Густав Кирхҳоф (1861) |
| Ҷудогузории аввалин | George de Hevesy |
| Изотопҳои асосии рубидий |
|

| Изо­топ | Мавҷу­дият | Давраи ним­таҷзия (*t*1/2) | Тарзи таҷзия | Маҳ­сул |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 83Rb | синт | 86.2 d | ε | 83Kr |
| γ | – |
| 84Rb | syn | 32.9 d | ε | 84Kr |
| β+ | 84Kr |
| γ | – |
| β− | 84Sr |
| 85Rb | 72.17% | собит |
| 86Rb | syn | 18.7 d | β− | 86Sr |
| γ | – |
| 87Rb | 27.83% | 4.9×1010 y | β− | 87Sr |

 |
|

**Рубидий** (лот. rubidium) — унсури химиявӣ, рақами атомиаш 37 буда бо рамзи **Rb** ишора карда мешавад.

Дар ҷадвали даврии ҳозира замон, Рубидий дар блоки s ва дар 1-ум гурӯҳи элементҳо ҷойгир мебошад.

## Хосиятҳо

### Физикӣ

### Химиявӣ

### Атомӣ

### Изотопҳо

### Мавҷудият дар табиат

## Таърих

### Кашф

### Номгузорӣ

## Пайвандҳо

* Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимёӣ

## Эзоҳ

## Адабиёт

* *Менделеев Д. И.* Элементы химические // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.

## Ҳаволаҳои беруна

Анбори Википедиа дар бораи ин мавзӯъ гурӯҳ дорад:
Рубидий