# Бром

Бром, 35Br|  |
| Бром |
| Талаффуз | /ˈbroʊmiːn, -mɪn, -maɪn/ ​(*BROH-meen, -⁠min, -⁠myn*) |
| Номи дигар | bromine |
| Вазни атомии муқаррарӣ *A*r, std(Br) | [7001799010000000000♠79.901, 7001799070000000000♠79.907] conventional: 7001799040000000000♠79.904 |
| Бром дар ҷадвали даврӣ |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ҳидроген |  | ҳелий |
| литий | бериллий |  | бор (элемент) | карбон | натрий | оксиген | фтор | неон |
| натрий | магний |  | алюминий | силитсий | фосфор | сулфур | хлор | аргон |
| калий | калсий | скандий |  | титан (элемент) | ванадий | хром | манган | оҳан | кобалт | никел | мис | руҳ | галлий | германий | арсен | селен | бром | криптон |
| рубидий | стронсий | иттрий |  |  | сирконий | ниобий | молибден | технетсий | рутений | родий | палладий | нуқра | кадмий | индий | қалъагӣ | сурма | теллур | йод | ксенон |
| сезий | барий | лантан | серий | празеодим | неодим | прометий | самарий | европий | гадолиний | тербий | диспрозий | ҳолмий | эрбий | тулий | иттербий | лютесий | ҳафний | тантал | волфрам | рений | осмий | иридий | платина | тилло | симоб | таллий | сурб | висмут | полоний | астат | радон |
| франcий | радий | актиний | торий | протактиний | уран (элемент) | нептуний | плутоний | америcий | кюрий | берклий | калифорний | эйнштейний | фермий | менделевий | нобелий | лоуренсий | резерфордий | дубний | сиборгий | борий | ҳассий | мейтнерий | дармштадтий | рентгений | коперниcий | ниҳоний | флеровий | московиум | ливерморий | теннесин | оганессон |

 | Cl ↑ **Br** ↓  I  |
| селен ← **бром** → криптон |

 |

 |
| Рақами атомӣ (*Z*) | 35 |
| Гурӯҳ | гурӯҳи 17 (ҳалогенҳо) |
| Давр | даври 4  |
| Блок | p-блок  |
| Категорияи элемент |   Ғайриметали реактивӣ |
| Конфигуратсияи электрон | [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5 |
| Электронҳо аз рӯӣ ҷилд | 2, 8, 18, 7 |
| Хосиятҳои физикӣ |
| Фаза дар ҲФМ | моеъ |
| Нуқтаи гудозиш | 265.8 K ​(−7.2 °C, ​19 °F)  |
| Ҳарорати ҷӯшиш | 332.0 K ​(58.8 °C, ​137.8 °F)  |
| Зичӣ (наздик ба ҳ.х.) | Br2, liquid: 3.1028 гр/см3 |
| Нуқтаи сечанда | 265.90 K, ​5.8 кПа  |
| Нуқтаи бӯҳронӣ | 588 K, 10.34 МПа  |
| Ҳарорати гудозиши хос | (Br2) 10.571 кҶ/мол  |
| Ҳарорати буғшавии хос | (Br2) 29.96 кҶ/мол  |
| Гармигунҷоиши молярӣ | (Br2) 75.69 Ҷ/(мол·К)  |
| **Буғи сершуда**

| *P* (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| at *T* (K) | 185 | 201 | 220 | 244 | 276 | 332 |

 |
| Хосиятҳои атомӣ |
| Дараҷаҳои оксидшавӣ | **−1**, **+1**, **+3**, +4, **+5**, +7 (a strongly acidic oxide) |
| Электроманфиият | Ҷадвали Полинг: 2.96  |
| Қувваҳои иондоршавӣ | * 1-ум: 1139.9 кҶ/мол
* 2-юм: 2103 кҶ/мол
* 3-юм: 3470 кҶ/мол
*
 |
| Радиуси атом | эмпирикӣ: 120 пм  |
| Радиуси ковалентӣ | 120±3 пм  |
| Радиуси Ван дер Ваалс | 185 пм  |
| Color lines in a spectral range**Хатҳои спектрии Бром** |
| Дигар хосиятҳо |
| Сохтори булӯрӣ |  ​orthorhombic |
| Суръати овоз | 206 м/с (at 20 °C) |
| Гармигузаронандагӣ | 0.122 W/(m·K)  |
| Муқобилияти нисбӣ | 7.8×1010 Ω·m (дар 20 °C)  |
| Тартибории магнитӣ | диамагнетик  |
| Таъсирпазирии магнитӣ | −56.4·10−6 см3/мол |
| Рақами CAS | 7726-95-6  |
| Таърих |
| Кашф ва ҷудогузории аввалин | Antoine Jérôme Balard and Carl Jacob Löwig (1825)**Хатои ибора: Аломати нуқтагузории шинохтанашуда "ё"** |
| Изотопҳои асосии бром |
|

| Изо­топ | Мавҷу­дият | Давраи ним­таҷзия (*t*1/2) | Тарзи таҷзия | Маҳ­сул |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 79Br | 51% | собит |
| 81Br | 49% | собит |

 |
|

**Бром** (англ. bromine) — унсури химиявӣ, рақами атомиаш 35 буда бо рамзи **Br** ишора карда мешавад.

Дар ҷадвали даврии ҳозира замон, Бром дар блоки p ва дар 17-ум гурӯҳи элементҳо ҷойгир мебошад.

## Хосиятҳо

### Физикӣ

### Химиявӣ

### Атомӣ

### Изотопҳо

### Мавҷудият дар табиат

## Таърих

### Кашф

### Номгузорӣ

## Пайвандҳо

* Ҷадвали даврии унсурҳои кимёӣ

## Эзоҳ

## Адабиёт

* *Менделеев Д. И.* Элементы химические // Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона : в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.). — СПб., 1890—1907.

## Ҳаволаҳои беруна

Анбори Википедиа дар бораи ин мавзӯъ гурӯҳ дорад:
Бром