# ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ

| ไทย ᥗᥭᥰ |
| --- |
| ᥔᥦᥒᥴ ᥔᥣ ᥕᥣᥛᥱ |
| ภาษาไทย *ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥗᥭᥰ* |
|  |
| ᥔᥥᥒᥴ ᥟᥩᥐᥱ | pʰāːsǎː tʰāj |
| ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥟᥪᥒᥱ ᥖᥤ | ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ |
| ᥟᥣ ᥛᥥᥝᥰ | ᥗᥭᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥑᥥᥱ |
| ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥪᥒᥱ ᥖᥤ |  ၄၀ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥨᥢᥲ ᥔᥩᥒᥴ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥘᥣᥰ၊ ᥟᥤᥱ ᥔᥣᥛᥴ၊ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥟᥛᥱ ᥘᥢᥴ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥣᥱ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ (၂၀၀၁) |
| ᥛᥧᥒᥳ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ | ᥖᥭᥰ -ᥐᥣᥳ ᥖᥭᥰ
* ᥖᥭᥰ
	+ (ᥗᥭᥰ) ᥓᥥᥒᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥨᥐᥱ
		- ᥐᥥᥒᥰ ᥔᥦᥢᥴ
			* **ไทย ᥗᥭᥰ**
 |
| ᥙᥫᥒ ᥘᥣᥭᥰ ᥖᥦᥛᥲ ᥘᥤᥐ | ᥖᥨᥝ ᥛᥥ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥖᥣ ᥛᥩᥖᥱ |
| ᥔᥣᥭᥴ ᥒᥣᥭ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥖᥣᥰ ᥘᥣᥰ |
| ᥘᥩᥒ ᥟᥝ ᥕᥧᥒᥱ ᥖᥪᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥘᥧᥛᥰ | ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ |
| ᥚᥧᥱ ᥗᥤᥒᥰ ᥔᥤᥛᥰ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥑᥣᥒᥱ | ထိုင်းနိုင်ငံတော်ဝင်အသင်း |
| ᥑᥨᥖ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ |
| ISO 639-1 | `th` |
| ISO 639-2 | `tha` |
| ISO 639-3 | `tha` |
| Glottolog | `thai1261` |
| Linguasphere | `47-AAA-b` |
|  |

ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥣᥱ ᥙᥥᥴ ᥟᥝ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥘᥩᥰ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥓᥥᥒᥱ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥨᥐᥱ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥖᥩᥢᥲ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥐᥛᥰ။ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ภาษาไทย ᥘᥭᥳ ᥔᥣ ᥕᥣᥛᥴ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥝᥣ ᥟᥛᥱ ᥘᥢᥴ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥖᥩᥢᥲ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥝᥣ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥕᥧᥒᥱ ᥖᥪᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥘᥧᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥝᥣ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥒᥝᥲ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥑᥝᥲ ᥙᥣᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥓᥧᥛᥰ ᥑᥫᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥓᥧᥛᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ -ᥐᥣᥳ ᥖᥭᥰ Tai-Kadai Language ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥑᥫᥒ ᥙᥣᥭ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥐᥥᥐᥳ ᥟᥝ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥙᥣᥱ ᥘᥤ၊ ᥔᥐᥳ ᥐᥖ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥥᥢᥴ ᥙᥣᥢ ᥐᥝᥱ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥨᥝᥰ ᥝᥭᥳ။ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥔᥥᥒᥴ ᥑᥪᥢᥲ ᥔᥥᥒᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥰ (Tonal)ᥔᥥᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥓᥦᥐᥱ ᥕᥦᥐ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥙᥫᥒ ᥘᥫᥒ။ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥐᥢ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥩᥒ ᥖᥦᥛᥲ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥙᥦᥐᥱ ᥙᥫᥒ ᥐᥢ ᥟᥤᥖᥴ ᥟᥩᥖᥴ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥙᥨᥝᥰ ᥟᥝ ᥟᥣ ᥛᥥᥝᥰ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥝᥣ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥐᥢ ᥕᥝᥳ။

## ᥖᥨᥝ ᥛᥥ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ

ᥖᥨᥝ ᥛᥥ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ อักษรไทย ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥖᥣᥱ ᥖᥪᥰ ᥖᥦᥛᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥖᥣᥒᥱ ᥟᥣ ᥛᥥᥝᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥞᥝᥳ ။ ᥛᥥ ᥔᥥᥒᥴ พยัญชนะ ᥛᥤᥰ 44 ᥖᥨᥝ၊ ᥛᥥ ᥓᥣᥙ สระ ᥛᥤᥰ 15 ᥖᥨᥝ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥙᥨᥝᥰ ᥓᥣᥙ ᥐᥢ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥐᥣᥱ ᥛᥥ ᥓᥣᥙ 28 ᥖᥨᥝ။ ᥗᥝᥴ ᥔᥥᥒᥴ 4 ᥔᥥᥒᥴ။

#### Alphabetic

| ᥛᥥᥖ ᥛᥣᥭᥴ
 | ᥓᥪ ᥞᥩᥒᥳ
 | RTGS
 | IPA
 | ᥑᥐᥴ ᥔᥥᥒᥴ
 |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| ᥗᥭᥰ | RTGS | ᥖᥤ ᥙᥩᥒᥱ | ᥔᥥᥒᥴ ᥒᥝᥲ | နောံဆုံး | ကနဦး | နောံဆုံး
 |
| ก
က

 | ก ไก่
ᥐᥩ ᥐᥭᥱ

 | *ko kai* | ᥐᥭᥱ
 | k | k | [k] | [k̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ข
ခ

 | ข ไข่
ᥑᥩ ᥑᥭᥱ

 | *kho khai* | ᥑᥭᥱ
 | kh | k | [kʰ] | [k̚] | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ฃ
ခ

 | ฃ ขวด
ᥠᥩ ᥠᥨᥖᥱ

 | *kho khuat* | ᥖᥝ
 | kh | k | [kʰ] | [k̚] | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ค
ဂ

 | ค ควาย
ᥑᥩ ᥑᥩᥭ

 | *kho khwai* | ᥑᥣᥭᥰ | kh | k | [kʰ] | [k̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ฅ
ဂ

 | ฅ คน
ᥑᥩ ᥑᥨᥢ

 | *kho khon* | ᥐᥨᥢᥰ | kh | k | [kʰ] | [k̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ฆ
ဃ

 | ฆ ระฆัง
ᥑᥩ ᥢᥣᥳ u ᥑᥒ

 | *kho ra-khang* | ᥞᥤᥒᥱ | kh | k | [kʰ] | [k̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ง
င

 | ง งู
ᥒᥩ ᥒᥧ

 | *ngo ngu* | ᥒᥧᥰ | ng | ng | [ŋ] | [ŋ] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| จ
စ

 | จ จาน
ᥓᥩ ᥓᥣᥢ

 | *cho chan* | အပြား | ch | t | [tɕ] | [t̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ฉ
ဆ

 | ฉ ฉิ่ง
ᥡᥩ ᥡᥤᥒᥱ

 | *cho ching* | ᥔᥦᥒᥱ ᥔᥤᥒᥰ | ch |  – | [tɕʰ] | – | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ช
ဇ

 | ช ช้าง
ᥡᥩ ᥡᥣᥒᥳ

 | *cho chang* | ᥓᥣᥒᥳ | ch | t | [tɕʰ] | [t̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ซ
ဇ

 | ซ โซ่
ᥔᥩ ᥔᥨᥝᥳ

 | *so so* | ᥓᥦᥒ | s | t | [s] | [t̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ฌ
ဈ

 | ฌ เฌอ
ᥡᥩ ᥡᥫ

 | *cho choe* | ᥖᥨᥢᥲ ᥛᥭᥳ | ch |  – | [tɕʰ] | – | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ᥗᥦᥛᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥥᥐᥳ:Font ည
ᥗᥦᥛᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥥᥐᥳ:Ref

 | ญ หญิง
ᥕᥩ ᥕᥤᥒᥴ

 | *yo ying* | ᥕᥤᥒᥰ | y | n | [j] | [n] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ฎ
ဋ

 | ฎ ชฎา
ᥖᥩ ᥡᥣᥳ ᥖᥣ

 | *do cha-da* | ᥟᥢ ᥛᥣᥖᥱ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ | d | t | [d] | [t̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ฏ
ဋ
 || style="text-align: left" | ฏ ปฏัก
ᥖᥩ ᥙᥣ ᥖᥐᥱ

 | *to pa-tak* | ᥞᥩᥐᥱ ᥘᥦᥛᥴ၊ ᥔᥣᥛᥲ | t | t | [t] | [t̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ᥗᥦᥛᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥥᥐᥳ:Font ဌᥗᥦᥛᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥥᥐᥳ:Ref | ฐ ฐาน
ᥗᥩ ᥗᥣᥢᥴ

 | *tho than* | ᥙᥧᥢᥳ ᥒᥝᥲ | th | t | [tʰ] | [t̚] |
ᥔᥧᥒᥴ

 |
| ฑ
ဍ

 | ฑ มณโฑ
ᥗᥩ ᥛᥨᥢ ᥗᥨᥝ

 | *tho montho* | ᥘᥣᥒᥰ ᥛᥨᥢ ᥗᥨᥝ | th | t | [tʰ] | [t̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ฒ
ဎ

 | ฒ ผู้เฒ่า
ᥗᥩ ᥚᥧᥲ ᥗᥝᥲ

 | *tho phu-thao* | ᥚᥧᥱ ᥗᥝᥲ | th | t | [tʰ] | [t̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ณ ဏ | ณ เณร
ᥢᥩ ᥢᥥᥢ

 | *no nen* | ᥓᥝᥲ ᥔᥣᥒᥱ | n | n | [n] | [n] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ด
ဒ

 | ด เด็ก
ᥖᥩ ᥖᥥᥐᥱ

 | *do dek* | ᥘᥧᥐ ᥟᥩᥢᥱ | d | t | [d] | [t̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ต
တ

 | ต เต่า
ᥖᥩ ᥖᥝᥱ

 | *to tao* | ᥖᥝᥱ | t | t | [t] | [t̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ถ
ထ

 | ถ ถุง
ᥗᥩᥴ ᥗᥨᥒᥴ

 | *tho thung* | ᥗᥨᥒᥴ | th | t | [tʰ] | [t̚] | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ท
ဒ

 | ท ทหาร
ᥗᥩ ᥗᥣᥳ ᥞᥣᥢᥴ

 | *tho thahan* | ᥔᥫᥐᥱ ᥞᥣᥢᥴ | th | t | [tʰ] | [t̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ธ
ဓ

 | ธ ธง
ᥗᥩ ᥗᥨᥒ

 | *tho thong* | ᥖᥧᥒᥰ(ᥟᥣ ᥘᥣᥛᥱ ᥓᥩᥛ ᥙᥤᥝ) | th | t | [tʰ] | [t̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| น
န

 | น หนู
ᥢᥩ ᥢᥧᥴ

 | *no nu* | ᥘᥧᥴ | n | n | [n] | [n] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| บ
ပ

 | บ ใบไม้
ᥙᥩ ᥙᥭ ᥛᥭᥳ

 | *bo baimai* | ᥛᥬ ᥛᥭᥳ | b | p | [b] | [p̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ป
ပ

 | ป ปลา
ᥙᥩ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥣ

 | *po pla* | ᥙᥣ | p | p | [p] | [p̚] | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ผ
ဖ

 | ผ ผึ้ง
ᥚᥩᥴ ᥚᥪᥒᥲ

 | *pho phueng* | ᥚᥪᥒᥲ | ph |  – | [pʰ] | – | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ฝ
ဖ

 | ฝ ฝา ᥚᥩᥴ ᥚᥣᥴ
 | *fo fa* | ᥚᥣᥲ ᥞᥨᥛᥱ | f |  – | [f] | – | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| พ
ဗ

 | พ พาน
ᥚᥩ ᥚᥣᥢ

 | *pho phan* | ᥙᥣᥢᥳ | ph | p | [pʰ] | [p̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ฟ
ဗ

 | ฟ ฟัน
ᥜᥩ ᥜᥢ

 | *fo fan* | ᥑᥥᥝᥲ(ᥜᥢᥰ) | f | p | [f] | [p̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ภ
ဘ

 | ภ สำเภา
ᥚᥩ ᥔᥛᥴ ᥚᥝ

 | *pho sam-phao* | ᥞᥫᥰ ᥘᥣᥒᥰ ᥕᥣᥢᥰ | ph | p | [pʰ] | [p̚] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ม
မ

 | ม ม้า
ᥛᥩ ᥛᥣᥳ

 | *mo ma* | ᥛᥣᥳ | m | m | [m] | [m] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ย
ယ

 | ย ยักษ์
ᥕᥩ ᥕᥐᥰ

 | *yo yak* | ᥕᥐᥱ ᥚᥤᥴ ᥘᥧᥰ | y | – or nᥗᥦᥛᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥥᥐᥳ:Ref | [j] | – or [n] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ร
ရ

 | ร เรือ
-

 | *ro ruea* | ᥞᥫᥰ | r | n | [r] | [n] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ล
လ

 | ล ลิง
ᥘᥩ ᥘᥤᥒ

 | *lo ling* | ᥘᥤᥒᥰ | l | n | [l] | [n] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ว
ဝ

 | ว แหวน
ᥝᥩ ᥝᥦᥢᥴ

 | *wo waen* | ᥛᥩᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥭᥰ၊ ᥞᥣᥒᥴ ᥓᥩᥙᥱ | w | –ᥗᥦᥛᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥥᥐᥳ:Ref | [w] | – | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| ศ
ၐ

 | ศ ศาลา
ᥔᥩ ᥔᥣ ᥘᥣ

 | *so sala* | ᥔᥣᥴ ᥘᥣᥰ(ᥓᥣ ᥘᥩᥙ) | s | t | [s] | [t̚] | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ษ
ၑ

 | ษ ฤๅษี
ᥔᥩ ᥘᥪᥳ ᥔᥤᥴ

 | *so rue-si* | ᥓᥝᥲ ᥕᥣ ᥔᥥᥰ | s | t | [s] | [t̚] | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ส
သ

 | ส เสือ
ᥔᥩ ᥔᥫᥴ ᥟᥣᥱ

 | *so suea* | ᥔᥫᥴ | s | t | [s] | [t̚] | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ห
ဟ

 | ห หีบ
ᥞᥩ ᥞᥤᥙᥱ

 | *ho hip* | ᥖᥫᥐ | h | – | [h] | – | ᥔᥧᥒᥴ
 |
| ฬ
ဠ

 | ฬ จุฬา
ᥘᥩ ᥓᥧ ᥘᥣ

 | *lo chu-la* | ᥐᥣ ᥝᥣᥝᥱ၊ ᥘᥣᥒᥰ ᥕᥣᥢᥰ | l | n | [l] | [n] | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| อ
အ
 || style="text-align: left" | อ อ่าง
ᥟᥩ ᥟᥣᥒᥱ

 | *o ang* | ᥟᥣᥒᥱ | –ᥗᥦᥛᥰ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥥᥐᥳ:Ref |  – | [ʔ] | – | ᥐᥣᥒ
 |
| ฮ
ဂှ

 | ฮ นกฮูก
ᥞᥩ ᥢᥨᥐᥳ ᥞᥨᥐ

 | *ho nok-huk* | ᥘᥨᥐ ᥐᥝᥳ | h |  – | [h] | – | ᥖᥛᥱ
 |
| Notes1. **^** The lower curves of the letter ญ are removed when certain letters are written below them, such as ญ + the mark *nikkhahit* (lower dot) = ญฺ, etc.
2. **^** The lower curves of the letter ฐ are removed when certain letters are written below them, such as ฐ + the vowel mark ุ = ฐุ, etc.
3. **^** When ย ends a syllable, it is usually part of the vowel. For example, *mai* (หมา**ย**, [maːj˩˥]), *muai* (หมว**ย**, [muaj˩˥]), *roi* (โร**ย**, [roːj˧]), and *thui* (ทุ**ย**, [tʰuj˧]). There are some cases in which ย ends a syllable and is not part of the vowel (but serves as an independent ending consonant). An example is *phi**n**yo* (ภิ**ย**โย, [pʰĩn˧.joː˧]).
4. **^** When ว ends a syllable, it is always part of the vowel. For example, *hio* (หิ**ว**, [hiw˩˥]), *kao* (กา**ว**, [kaːw˧]), *klua* (กลั**ว**, [kluːa˧]), and *reo* (เร็**ว**, [rew˧]).
5. **^** อ is a special case in that at the beginning of a word it is used as a silent initial for syllables that start with a vowel (all vowels are written relative to a consonant — see below). The same symbol is used as a vowel in non-initial position.
 |

## ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥐᥙᥴ ᥐᥣᥭᥱ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ

ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥕᥧᥒᥱ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥘᥧᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ 20 ᥘᥣᥢᥳ (ᥙᥤ 2000) ᥘᥫᥴ ᥘᥫᥴ။ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥕᥧᥒᥱ ᥑᥪᥖᥴ ᥐᥣᥙ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥐᥩᥐᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥓᥢᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥘᥫᥴ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥖᥩᥢ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥒᥝᥲ ᥒᥣᥱ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ Tai Language ᥘᥧᥰ ᥐᥩᥢᥱ။ ᥚᥧᥱ ᥘᥥᥙ ᥞᥥᥢᥰ ᥙᥣᥭᥰ ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥝᥣ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥐᥝᥱ ᥝᥨᥝᥰ ᥞᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥐᥝᥱ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥘᥩᥒ ᥐᥩᥒᥳ ᥐᥣᥭᥱ ᥐᥢ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥭᥴ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥣᥳ ᥟᥢ ᥙᥦᥐᥱ ᥙᥫᥒ ᥐᥢ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥘᥨᥭ ᥝᥨᥝᥰ ᥞᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥖᥩᥢᥲ ᥘᥬ ᥖᥩᥢᥲ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥟᥛᥱ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥐᥢ ᥟᥤᥖᥱ ᥟᥩᥖᥴ ᥐᥩᥭᥰ။

## ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ

* ᥟᥤᥱ ᥔᥣᥢᥴ (ᥗᥭᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ) ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥱ ᥔᥣᥢᥴ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥐᥢ ᥖᥤ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ။ ᥖᥥᥴ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥝᥣ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥣᥖᥲ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥔᥛᥳ ᥕᥧᥒᥱ ᥖᥪᥰ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ။ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥟᥤᥱ ᥔᥣᥢᥴ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥛᥩᥐ 20 ᥘᥣᥢᥳ။ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥖᥤ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥘᥩᥐ ᥓᥥ ᥖᥩᥢ ᥟᥤᥱ ᥔᥣᥢᥴ ᥘᥧᥐ ᥖᥤ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥛᥫ ᥐᥩᥢᥱ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥘᥦᥐ ᥘᥣᥭ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥐᥩᥭᥰ.
* ᥗᥭᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ (ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥘᥫᥴ၊ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥘᥣᥰ၊ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥛᥱ ᥘᥢᥴ ᥕᥨᥢᥰ) ᥘᥢᥳ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ 6 ᥘᥣᥢᥳ (1983) ᥛᥫ ᥙᥣᥢ ᥓᥝᥲ ᥞᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥛᥰ ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥢᥣᥰ (ᥐᥥᥒᥰ ᥛᥬᥱ)ᥘᥢᥳ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥐᥢ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥐᥩᥲ ᥝᥣ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥢ ᥖᥤ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ။
* ᥗᥭᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥓᥣᥢᥰ (ᥗᥭᥰ ᥖᥭᥰ၊ ᥚᥣᥐᥱ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥟᥛᥱ ᥘᥢᥴ ᥖᥛ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥨᥝᥰ) ᥘᥢᥳ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ,ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ 4.5 ᥘᥣᥢᥳ (2006)
* ᥙᥧᥱ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥙᥧᥱ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ 5 ᥔᥦᥢᥴ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥓᥩᥛᥰ ᥢᥣᥳ ᥑᥩᥢᥰ ᥚᥣ ᥢᥧᥛᥰ၊ 300,000 ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥘᥫᥴ ᥔᥛᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ ᥖᥤ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥝᥦᥖᥳ ᥘᥣᥛᥰ။
* ᥚᥩᥒᥰ ᥐᥨᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥚᥩᥒᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ 200000 ᥕᥧᥱ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥖᥩᥢᥲ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥟᥤᥱ ᥔᥣᥢᥴ။ 100000 ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥘᥫᥴ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ (2006)
* ᥖᥭᥰ ᥡᥣᥛᥱ (ရှမ်း) (ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥨᥒᥴ၊ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥕᥬᥱ) 100000 ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥖᥤ ᥓᥥᥒᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ ᥝᥢᥰ ᥖᥨᥐᥱ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ။ 3.2 ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥢ။ (2006)
* ᥘᥪᥳ (ᥘᥪᥳ၊ ᥕᥨᥢᥰ၊ ᥖᥭᥰ) ᥚᥧᥱ ᥘᥣᥖ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥛᥤᥰ 1 ᥘᥣᥢᥳ ᥖᥛ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ။ 600000 ᥘᥫᥴ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥖᥤ ᥔᥤᥙᥱ ᥔᥩᥒᥴ ᥙᥢᥰ ᥘᥣᥰ၊ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥣᥢ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ။ (1981-2000)
* ᥒᥦᥝᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ 50000 ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥖᥛ ᥖᥤ ᥢᥣᥳ ᥑᥩᥢᥰ ᥚᥣ ᥢᥨᥛᥰ၊ᥔᥣ ᥑᥩᥢᥰ ᥢᥣ ᥑᥩᥢᥰ၊ ᥟᥧ ᥖᥩᥢᥰ ᥗᥣᥴ ᥢᥤᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥓᥥᥒᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ ᥝᥢᥰ ᥟᥩᥐᥱ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ။
* ᥔᥨᥒᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ 30000 ᥐᥨᥝᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥖᥛ ᥖᥤ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥙᥩᥖᥴ ᥐᥣᥒ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥙᥩᥖᥱ ᥞᥩᥒᥱ။

## ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ

ဘန်ကောံအမျိုးသားပြတိုက် - ၂၀၁၇-၀၄-၂၂ (၀၀၈)
ᥚᥧᥱ ᥘᥨᥒᥳ ᥚᥣᥭᥱ ᥘᥤᥐᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥕᥧᥛᥱ ᥕᥛ ᥝᥣ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥘᥧᥐᥳ ᥖᥤ ᥖᥨᥝ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥥᥢᥴ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥛᥣᥰ။ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥥᥢᥴ ᥔᥛᥳ ᥘᥧᥐ ᥖᥤ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥙᥣ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥞᥣᥳ ᥛᥤᥱ ᥟᥢ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥟᥣ ᥛᥥᥝᥰ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥘᥬᥰ ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥟᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥤᥳ ᥕᥣᥳ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥞᥪᥴ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥒᥣᥭᥰ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥖᥭᥰ ᥘᥛᥴ ᥝᥭᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥤᥴ ᥐᥩᥒᥳ ᥐᥣᥭᥱ ᥐᥢ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥘᥒᥱ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥥᥢᥴ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥒᥝᥲ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥘᥧᥐ ᥖᥤ ᥟᥤᥢᥱ ᥖᥤᥳ ᥕᥣᥳ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥘᥭᥳ ᥓᥛ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥦᥲ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥓᥫᥰ ᥟᥢ ᥛᥨᥝᥴ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥛᥨᥝᥴ ᥚᥖᥴ ᥘᥭᥲ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥞᥧᥳ ᥙᥩᥒᥱ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥑᥨᥝᥲ ᥑᥣᥛᥰ ᥝᥨᥝᥰ ᥞᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥲ၊ ᥔᥖᥳ ᥖᥣᥱ၊ ᥔᥥᥒᥴ ᥑᥪᥢᥲ ᥔᥥᥒᥴ ᥘᥨᥒᥰ ᥘᥦᥰ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥘᥣᥳ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥑᥫᥒ ᥙᥣᥭ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥐᥢ ᥖᥒᥰ ᥘᥣᥝᥰ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥛᥢᥰ ᥒᥣᥭᥰ ᥛᥫᥢᥴ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥛᥣᥢ ᥟᥝ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥖᥤ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥛᥩᥢᥰ ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥟᥤᥒ ᥟᥝ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥥᥢᥴ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥛᥥᥰ ᥞᥥᥖᥱ ᥞᥬᥲ ᥙᥥᥢ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥞᥬᥲ ᥑᥪᥢᥲ ᥕᥬᥱ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥓᥢᥳ ᥘᥣᥭᥰ ᥖᥦᥛᥲ ᥞᥒᥰ ᥑᥨᥝᥴ ᥑᥝᥴ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥕᥧᥱ။ ᥖᥨᥝ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥑᥣ ᥛᥥᥢᥴ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥓᥥᥛ ᥛᥫ 600 CE ᥘᥢᥳ ᥔᥥᥴ ᥖᥨᥝ ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ ᥖᥥᥳ ᥛᥤᥰ ᥛᥣᥰ ᥛᥩᥐ ᥛᥫ 1292 CE ᥘᥢᥳ ᥕᥝᥳ။

## ᥖᥤ ᥟᥣᥒᥲ ᥟᥤᥒ