# ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠤ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ

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w:WP:STUB ꠁ ꠙꠣꠔꠣ ꠁꠈꠣꠘ ꠀꠛꠧ ꠇꠥꠠꠤ ꠞꠂꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠈꠣꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠃꠑꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠟꠣꠉꠤ ꠀꠞꠝ꠆ꠛ ꠇꠞꠣ ꠅꠁꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠁꠟꠣꠘ ꠀꠞꠅ ꠘꠄꠀ ꠇꠥꠠꠤꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠙꠣꠔꠣꠁꠘ ꠖꠦꠈꠂꠘ ⁕ ꠁ ꠛꠦꠙꠣꠞꠦ ꠀꠙꠘꠣꠁꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠇꠥꠘꠔꠣ ꠙꠥꠞꠣꠘꠤꠞ ꠕꠣꠇ꠆ꠟꠦ ꠟꠇ꠆ꠖꠤ `ꠟꠦꠈꠤꠀ` ꠙꠣꠔꠣ ꠁꠈꠣꠘ ꠀꠞꠧ ꠛꠟꠣꠁꠔꠣ ꠙꠣꠞꠂꠘ ⁕
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ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ

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| ꠍꠛꠤ |  |
| ꠎꠦ ꠎꠤꠘꠤꠡꠞ | language family |
| ꠔꠟꠞ | Indo-Iranian ꠨ South Asian languages |
| ꠎꠦꠟꠇꠞꠝꠣꠎꠦ ꠛꠣꠔꠣꠁꠖꠦꠅꠀ | Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition ꠨ Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 6 |
| NCI Thesaurus ID | C161844 |
| Stack Exchange tag |  |
| ꠅꠋꠡ ꠀꠍꠦ | Dardic ꠨ Northern Indo-Aryan ꠨ Northwestern Indo-Aryan ꠨ Central Indo-Aryan ꠨ Eastern Indo-Aryan ꠨ Southern Indo-Aryan ꠨ Insular Indo-Aryan ꠨ Chinali–Lahul ꠨ Badeshi |
| ꠇꠝꠘ꠆ꠔꠣꠔ ꠍꠛꠤꠘ | Indo-Aryan languages |
| topic has template | Template:Indo-Aryan languages |
| ꠁ ꠐꠙꠤꠇꠞ ꠀꠡꠟ ꠙꠖ | Category:Indo-Aryan languages |
| ꠀꠁꠄꠌꠅ 639-2 ꠇꠥꠒ | inc |
| ISO 639-5 code | inc |
| ꠛꠤꠄꠘꠄꠙ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ | 12649408b |
| ꠎꠤꠄꠘꠒꠤ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ | 4133531-4 |
| ꠁꠎꠞꠣꠁꠟꠤ ꠎꠣꠔꠤꠅ ꠟꠣꠁꠛ꠆ꠛꠦꠞꠤ ꠀꠁꠒꠤ | 987007548214005171 |

**ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠤ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ** ꠘꠣꠄ **ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥ ꠀꠞꠤ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ**

## ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ

* ꠝꠣꠉꠣꠖꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
	+ ꠛꠋꠉ ꠇꠣꠝꠞꠥꠙꠤ ꠜꠣꠡꠣꠁꠘ
		1. ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
		2. ꠌꠤꠐꠣꠉꠣꠋꠉꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
		3. ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
		4. ꠛꠦꠋꠉꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ

### ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠅ ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠝꠣꠔꠇꠕꠣꠞ ꠔꠚꠣꠔ

ꠢꠇꠟ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠅ-ꠀꠞ꠆ꠎꠅ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠅꠞ ꠟꠞꠣꠢꠥꠘꠣꠞꠇꠟ ꠄꠇ꠆ꠟꠉꠦ ꠝꠤꠟꠣꠁꠀ ꠖꠦꠈꠣ

### ꠜꠣꠅꠄꠟꠣꠁꠘ

|  | ꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ | ꠝꠣꠔ |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ld | /iː i eː e ɨː ɨ əː ə aː a ɔː ɔ oː o uː u/ | ꠇꠣꠡ꠆ꠝꠤꠞꠤ |
| lb | /ɪ iː ʊ uː e eː ə~ɐ əː o oː æ~ɛ a aː ɔ/ | ꠝꠘꠤꠙꠥꠞꠤ |
| l৩ | /iː i eː e æː æ aː a ə oː o uː u/ | ꠡꠤꠋꠅꠟ |
| l0 | /i ɪ e ɛ · a ə · ɔo ʊ u/ | ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥꠍ꠆ꠔꠣꠘꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠘ꠆ꠎꠣꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠡꠤꠘ꠆ꠗꠤ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠌ꠆ꠌꠤ ꠨ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠇꠣ ꠨ ꠞꠣꠎꠤꠍ꠆ꠔꠣꠘꠤ |
| 9 | /i ɪ e æ~ɛ · a ə · o ʊ u/ | ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠒꠥꠉ꠆ꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠞꠥꠗꠣꠞꠤ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠘ꠆ꠖꠦꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠋꠅꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠈꠣꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠌꠥꠞꠣꠁ) ꠨ ꠡꠣꠞꠣꠁꠇꠤ |
| /i ɪ e · a ə · ɔo ʊ u/ | ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠡꠖꠌꠤ ꠨ ꠡꠥꠞꠈꠥꠟꠤ) |
| /i ɪ e ɛ · a · ɔo ʊ u/ | ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠎꠘꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠢꠥꠟꠣꠡꠣꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠇꠥꠟ꠆ꠟꠥꠁ) |
| 8 | /i e ɛ · a ə · ɔo u/ | ꠉꠥꠎ꠆ꠞꠣꠐꠤ |
| /i e ɛ a · ɒ ɔ o u/ | ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ |
| /i ɪ e · a ə · o ʊ u/ | ꠢꠣꠟ꠆ꠛꠤ ꠨ ꠜꠣꠐ꠆ꠐꠤ ꠨ ꠙꠌ꠆ꠝꠞ ꠙꠣꠀꠠꠤ (ꠉꠠꠀꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠌꠣꠝꠦꠟꠤ ꠨ ꠉꠣꠖ꠆ꠖꠤ) |
| V | /i e æ · a · ɔo u/ | ꠛꠦꠋꠉꠟꠤ |
| d | /i e a · ɔo u/ | ꠅꠠꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠛꠤꠡ꠆ꠘꠥꠙꠥꠞꠤ |
| /i e · a ə · o u/ | ꠝꠣꠞꠣꠑꠤ ꠨ ꠘꠦꠙꠣꠟꠤ ꠟꠣꠝ꠆ꠛꠣꠖꠤ ꠨ ꠍꠣꠗ꠆ꠞꠤ |
| ☽ | /i e · a · o u/ | ꠞꠥꠝꠣꠘꠤ (ꠁꠃꠞꠥꠙꠤ) |
| /i e · a · ɔ u/ | ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ |

### ꠘꠣꠇꠥꠀ

| Nasals | Languages |
| --- | --- |
| /m/ | /n/ | /ɳ/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ |
|  |  |  |  |  | Dogri ꠨ Kacchi ꠨ Kalasha ꠨ Rudhari ꠨ Shina ꠨ Saurashtri ꠨ Sindhi ꠨ Saraiki |
|  |  |  |  |  | Sinhala |
|  |  |  |  |  | Nepali ꠨ Kalami ꠨ Odia ꠨ Dhundhari ꠨ Pashayi ꠨ Marwari |
|  |  |  |  |  | Dhivehi |
|  |  |  |  |  | Gujarati ꠨ Hindi ꠨ Kashmiri ꠨ Marathi ꠨ Punjabi ꠨ Rajasthani (Marwari) |
|  |  |  |  |  | ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠘꠦꠙꠣꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠛꠦꠋꠉꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ |
|  |  |  |  |  | Urdu ꠨ Romani ꠨ Domari |

### ꠇꠘꠌꠘꠦꠘ꠆ꠐꠣꠁꠘ

| Stops | Languages |
| --- | --- |
| /p/ | /t̪/ | /ʈ/ ~ /t/ | /ʈ͡ʂ/ | /t͡ʃ/ ~ /t͡ɕ/ | /t͡s/ | /k/ | /q/ |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Khowar ꠨ Shina ꠨ Bashkarik ꠨ Kalasha |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Gawarbati ꠨ Phalura ꠨ Shumashti ꠨ Kanyawali ꠨ Pashai |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Marathi ꠨ Konkani ꠨ certain W. Pahari dialects (Bhadrawahi ꠨ Bhalesi ꠨ Mandeali ꠨ Padari ꠨ Simla ꠨ Satlej ꠨ maybe Kulu) ꠨ Kashmiri ꠨ E. and N. dialects of Bengali (parts of Dhaka ꠨ Mymensingh ꠨ Rajshahi) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Hindustani ꠨ Punjabi ꠨ Dogri ꠨ Sindhi ꠨ Gujarati ꠨ Sinhala ꠨ Odia ꠨ Standard Bengali ꠨ dialects of Rajasthani (except Lamani ꠨ NW. Marwari ꠨ S. Mewari) ꠨ Sanskrit ꠨ Prakrit ꠨ Pali ꠨ Maithili ꠨ Magahi ꠨ Bhojpuri |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Romani ꠨ Domari ꠨ Kholosi |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nepali ꠨ dialects of Rajasthani (Lamani and NW. Marwari) ꠨ Northern Lahnda's Kagani ꠨ Kumauni ꠨ many West Pahari dialects (not Chamba Mandeali ꠨ Jaunsari ꠨ or Sirmauri) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Rajasthani's S. Mewari |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Assamese |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Chittagonian |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ |