# ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎ ꠝꠣꠔ

ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎ ꠝꠣꠔ

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| ꠍꠛꠤ |  |
| ꠎꠦ ꠎꠤꠘꠤꠡꠞ | ꠙꠇꠞꠤꠔ ꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠨ ꠀꠗꠥꠘꠣ ꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠨ ꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠨ macrolanguage ꠨ standard language ꠨ literary language ꠨ human language |
| ꠔꠟꠞ | Anglic |
| ꠘꠤꠎ ꠎꠣꠔꠞ ꠟꠦꠛꠦꠟ | English |
| ꠛꠣꠐ꠆ꠐꠤ ꠘꠣꠝ | английский ꠨ англійська ꠨ инглизсә ꠨ англійская ꠨ ingiliscə ꠨ инглисӣ ꠨ англисӣ ꠨ английски ꠨ ағылшынша ꠨ англисаг ꠨ إنجليزي ꠨ Inglis tili ꠨ анґліцькый ꠨ ингилис ꠨ инглис ꠨ ангельская ꠨ англ. |
| ꠀꠁꠙꠤꠄ ꠟꠤꠙ꠆ꠙꠣꠘ꠆ꠔꠞ | ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ |
| ꠘꠣꠝ ꠏꠦꠘꠕꠘꠦ | ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ |
| ꠖꠦꠡ | American Samoa ꠨ Anguilla ꠨ Antigua and Barbuda ꠨ Aruba ꠨ ꠅꠡ꠆ꠐꠦꠟꠤꠀ ꠨ The Bahamas ꠨ ꠛꠣꠢꠞꠣꠁꠘ ꠨ Barbados ꠨ Belize ꠨ Bermuda ꠨ ꠜꠥꠐꠣꠘ ꠨ Botswana ꠨ British Indian Ocean Territory ꠨ British Virgin Islands ꠨ ꠛ꠆ꠞꠥꠘꠣꠁ ꠨ ꠇꠝ꠆ꠛꠒꠤꠀ ꠨ Cameroon ꠨ ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠒꠣ ꠨ Cayman Islands ꠨ Cook Islands ꠨ Dominica ꠨ Eritrea ꠨ Ethiopia ꠨ Falkland Islands ꠨ ꠚꠤꠏꠤ ꠨ The Gambia ꠨ Ghana ꠨ Gibraltar ꠨ Grenada ꠨ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠨ Guernsey ꠨ Guyana ꠨ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠀ ꠨ Ireland ꠨ Isle of Man ꠨ ꠁꠎꠞꠣꠁꠟ ꠨ Jamaica ꠨ Jersey ꠨ Kenya ꠨ Kiribati ꠨ ꠟꠦꠛꠣꠘꠘ ꠨ Lesotho ꠨ Liberia ꠨ ꠝꠣꠖꠣꠉꠣꠡ꠆ꠇꠣꠞ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠟꠣꠅꠤ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠟꠦꠡꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠟꠖꠤꠙ ꠨ ꠝꠣꠟ꠆ꠐꠣ ꠨ Marshall Islands ꠨ Mauritius ꠨ Federated States of Micronesia ꠨ Montserrat ꠨ Namibia ꠨ Nauru ꠨ ꠘꠤꠃꠎꠤꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠨ ꠘꠣꠁꠎꠦꠞꠤꠀ ꠨ Niue ꠨ ꠅꠝꠣꠘ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠇꠤꠍ꠆ꠔꠣꠘ ꠨ Palau ꠨ Papua New Guinea ꠨ ꠙꠤꠟꠤꠙꠤꠘ ꠨ Pitcairn Islands ꠨ Rwanda ꠨ Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha ꠨ Saint Kitts and Nevis ꠨ Saint Lucia ꠨ Saint-Martin ꠨ Saint Vincent and the Grenadines ꠨ Samoa ꠨ ꠍꠦꠌꠤꠟꠤ ꠨ Sierra Leone ꠨ ꠍꠤꠋꠉꠣꠙꠥꠞ ꠨ Sint Maarten ꠨ Solomon Islands ꠨ ꠖꠇ꠆ꠘꠞ ꠀꠚ꠆ꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠨ South Sudan ꠨ ꠍꠤꠞꠤ ꠟꠋꠇꠣ ꠨ ꠍꠥꠖꠣꠘ ꠨ Eswatini ꠨ ꠔꠣꠘꠎꠣꠘꠤꠀ ꠨ Tokelau ꠨ Tonga ꠨ Trinidad and Tobago ꠨ Turks and Caicos Islands ꠨ Tuvalu ꠨ United States Virgin Islands ꠨ Uganda ꠨ ꠁꠃꠘꠣꠁꠐꠦꠒ ꠀꠞꠛ ꠀꠝꠤꠞꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠎꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠅ ꠞꠣꠁꠎ꠆ꠎ ꠨ Vanuatu ꠨ Zambia ꠨ Zimbabwe ꠨ ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠥꠘꠦꠡꠤꠀ |
| ꠏꠦ ꠎꠦꠉꠣꠞ ꠀꠖꠤꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤ | ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ |
| ꠎꠦꠉꠣꠞ ꠔꠁꠔ꠆ꠔ | 51°0′0″N 0°0′0″E |
| ꠎꠦꠐꠣꠄ ꠀꠍꠞ ꠇꠞꠦ | ꠚꠦꠞꠦꠘ꠆ꠌ ꠨ Vulgar Latin ꠨ Germanic languages ꠨ ꠉꠤꠞꠤꠇ ꠨ ꠁꠔꠣꠟꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ |
| ꠢꠥꠘꠣꠞ |  ꠨  ꠨  ꠨  |
| ꠟꠦꠈꠣ ꠙꠠꠣꠞ ꠅꠒꠤꠅ |  |
| ꠜꠣꠡꠣ ꠛꠤꠉ꠆ꠉꠣꠘꠞ ꠐꠤꠙꠟꠎꠤ | subject–verb–object ꠨ nominative–accusative language ꠨ stress-timed language ꠨ place–manner–time ꠨ fusional language ꠨ adjective-noun |
| ꠉꠦꠞꠣꠝꠣꠞꠞ ꠇꠦꠁꠍ ꠀꠍꠦ | genitive case ꠨ nominative case ꠨ oblique case |

**ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎ ꠜꠣꠡꠣ** ( ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎꠤ ꠪ English ) ꠁꠘ꠆ꠖꠧ-ꠁꠃꠞꠧꠚꠤꠅ ꠝꠣꠔꠞ ꠚꠞꠤꠛꠣꠞꠞ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘꠤꠅ ꠡꠣꠈꠣꠞ ꠚꠍꠤꠝ ꠉꠧꠡ꠆ꠐꠤꠞ ꠄꠈꠐꠣ ꠝꠣꠔ ⁕ ꠃꠔꠡꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠁꠋꠞꠦꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠚꠤꠞꠤꠎꠤꠅ ꠝꠣꠔꠞ ꠡꠛꠔꠣꠇꠤ ꠊꠘꠤꠡ꠆ꠑ ⁕ ꠁꠉꠥ ꠛꠣꠖꠦ ꠅꠉꠥꠞ ꠟꠉꠦ ꠅꠟꠘ꠆ꠖꠣꠎ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠨ ꠚꠦꠟꠦꠝꠤꠡ ꠝꠣꠔ (ꠛꠦꠟꠎꠤꠀꠝꠅ ꠅꠟꠘ꠆ꠖꠣꠎ ꠝꠣꠔꠞ ꠃꠚꠞꠤꠝꠣꠔ) ꠅ ꠘꠤꠝ꠆ꠘ ꠎꠣꠞ꠆ꠝꠣꠘ ꠃꠚꠞꠤꠝꠣꠔ ꠁꠉꠥꠘꠔꠞ ꠛꠣꠟꠣ ꠡꠝ꠆ꠙꠞ꠆ꠇ ꠀꠍꠦ ⁕ ꠃꠔ꠆ꠔꠞ ꠀꠐꠟꠣꠘ꠆ꠐꠤꠇ ꠝꠢꠣꠡꠣꠉꠞꠞ ꠉꠦꠞꠦꠁꠐ ꠛꠤꠞꠤꠐꠘ ꠖꠤꠚꠦꠞ ꠖꠈꠤꠘꠛꠣꠎꠥꠞ ꠁꠋꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠘꠣꠝꠞ ꠄꠈꠐꠣ ꠖꠦꠡꠅ ꠈꠤꠞꠤꠡ꠆ꠐꠤꠅ ꠀꠘꠥꠝꠣꠘꠤꠇ ৬ꠡꠔꠇꠅ ꠁꠋꠞꠦꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔꠞ ꠎꠘ꠆ꠝ ꠅꠄ ⁕ ꠅꠈꠘ ꠁꠉꠥ ꠎꠥꠇ꠆ꠔꠞꠣꠎ꠆ꠎ ꠨ ꠀꠁꠀꠞꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠨ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠒꠣ ꠨ ꠅꠡ꠆ꠐꠟꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠘꠤꠃꠎꠤꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠨ ꠇꠦꠞꠤꠛꠤꠅ ꠡꠣꠉꠞ ꠀꠞ ꠙꠡꠣꠘ꠆ꠔ ꠝꠢꠣꠡꠣꠉꠞꠞ ꠛꠃꠔ ꠖꠤꠚꠞꠣꠡ꠆ꠐ ꠚꠞꠖꠣꠘ ꠝꠣꠔ ⁕ ꠁꠋꠞꠦꠎꠤ ꠚꠦꠞꠣꠄ ꠇꠧꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠁꠘꠡꠞ ꠝꠥꠈꠞ ꠛꠥꠟꠤ ⁕ ꠝꠣꠁꠅꠞꠜꠣꠡꠣꠞ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠁꠉꠥꠞ ꠁꠍ꠆ꠕꠣꠘ ꠔꠤꠘ ꠘꠝ꠆ꠛꠞꠅ ⁕

EN (ISO 639-1)
## ꠜꠧꠃꠉꠟꠤꠇ ꠛꠣꠐꠣꠛꠣꠑꠤ

ꠁꠋꠞꠦꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠚꠄꠟꠣ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠛꠣ ꠝꠣꠁꠅꠞ ꠝꠣꠔ ꠢꠤꠡꠣꠛꠦ ꠁꠃꠇꠦ ꠨ ꠀꠝꠦꠞꠤꠇꠣ ꠨ ꠇꠣꠘꠣꠒꠣ ꠨ ꠅꠡꠐꠦꠟꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠀꠁꠀꠞꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠨ ꠘꠤꠃꠎꠤꠟꠦꠘ꠆ꠒ ꠅ ꠅꠘꠦꠇ ꠇꠦꠞꠤꠛꠤꠅ ꠖꠦꠡꠅ ꠡꠤꠇꠞꠤꠔ ⁕ ꠁꠉꠥꠘ ꠛꠣꠖꠦ ꠄꠘ꠆ꠒꠤꠀ ꠨ ꠙꠣꠇꠤꠍꠔꠣꠘ ꠨ ꠚꠤꠟꠤꠙꠣꠁꠘ ꠅ ꠀꠚꠞꠤꠇꠣꠞ ꠛꠃꠔ ꠖꠦꠡꠅ ꠁꠋꠞꠦꠎꠤ ꠡꠞꠈꠣꠞꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ ⁕

## ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖꠇꠟ

ꠁꠎꠣꠔ ꠝꠣꠔꠞ ꠟꠞꠣ-ꠡꠛ꠆ꠖ ꠢꠥꠘꠣꠞ ꠇꠟ

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| ꠀꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ |
| --- |
| ꠀꠁꠚꠤꠄꠁ | ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ |
| b | **b**uy, ca**b** |
| d | **d**ye, ca**d**, la**dd**er |
| dʒ | **g**iant, ba**dge**, **j**am |
| ð | **th**y, brea**the**, fa**th**er |
| f | **f**an, ca**ff**, **ph**i |
| ɡ ( ɡ ) | **g**uy, ba**g** |
| h | **h**igh, a**h**ead |
| hw | **wh**y |
| j | **y**es, hallelu**j**ah |
| k | s**k**y, **c**ra**ck** |
| l | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Not a typo |
| m | **m**y, s**m**ile, ca**m** |
| n | **n**igh, s**n**ide, ca**n** |
| ŋ | sa**ng**, si**n**k, si**ng**er |
| p | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Not a typo |
| r | **r**ye, t**r**y, ve**r**y |
| s | **s**igh, ma**ss** |
| ʃ | **sh**y, ca**sh**, emo**ti**on |
| t | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Not a typo |
| tʃ | **Ch**ina, ca**tch** |
| θ | **th**igh, ma**th** |
| v | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Not a typo |
| w | **w**ye, s**w**ine |
| z | **z**oo, ha**s** |
| ʒ | plea**s**ure, vi**si**on, bei**g**e |
|   |
| ꠝꠣꠞꠎꠤꠘꠣꠟ ꠍꠦꠉꠝꠦꠘ꠆ꠐ |
| ꠀꠁꠚꠤꠄꠁ | ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ |
| x | u**gh**, lo**ch**, **Ch**anukah |
| ʔ | uh**-**oh /ˈʔʌʔoː/ |
| ɔ̃ | b**on** vivant |
| ɛ̃ | f**in** de siècle |

 |

| ꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ |
| --- |
| ꠙꠥꠞꠣ ꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ |  |
| ꠀꠁꠚꠤꠄꠁ | ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ | ꠀꠁꠚꠤꠄꠁ | ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ |
| ɑː | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɑːr | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc |
| ɒ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɒr | m**or**al, f**or**age |
| æ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ær | b**arr**ow, m**arr**y |
| aɪ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | aɪər | **Ire**land, h**ire** |
| aɪ.ər | h**igher**, b**uyer** |
| aʊ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | aʊər | fl**our** |
| aʊ.ər | fl**ower** |
| ɛ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɛr | **err**or, m**err**y |
| eː | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɛər | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc |
| eː.ər | pl**ayer** |
| ɪ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɪr | m**irr**or, S**ir**ius |
| iː | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɪər | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc |
| iː.ər | fr**eer** |
| oː | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | oː.ər | m**ower** |
| ɔː | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɔːr | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc |
| ɔː.ər | s**awer** |
| ɔɪ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɔɪər | c**oir** |
| ɔɪɘr | j**oyer** |
| ɔɪ.ər | empl**oyer** |
| ʊ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ʊr | c**our**ier |
| uː | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ʊər | b**oor**, m**oor**, t**our**ist |
| uː.ər | tr**uer** |
| juː | c**u**te, m**u**le, p**u**ny, b**eau**ty, h**u**ge, t**u**ne | jʊər | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc |
| juː.ər | f**ewer** |
| ʌ | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ɜːr | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc |
| ʌr | h**urr**y, n**our**ish |
| ꠇꠝꠔꠤ ꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ and ꠍꠤꠟꠦꠛꠤꠇ ꠀꠝꠥꠀꠔꠤ |
| IPA | Examples | IPA | Examples |
| ə | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc | ər | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc |
| uər | Lig**ature** |
| əl | bott**le** (either [əl] or [l̩] ) |
| ən | butt**on** (either [ən] or [n̩] ) |
| əm | rhyth**m** (either [əm] or [m̩] ) |
| i | ꠐꠦꠝ꠆ꠙꠟꠦꠐ:Sc (either /iː/ or /ɪ/ ) | u | infl**u**ence (either /ʊ/ or /uː/ ) |
|   |
| ꠎꠣꠔꠣꠝꠣꠞꠤ | ꠍꠤꠟꠦꠛꠤꠇꠞꠤ |
| ꠀꠁꠚꠤꠄꠁ | ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ | ꠀꠁꠚꠤꠄꠁ | ꠎꠦꠝꠟꠣ |
| ˈ | (ꠘꠣꠁ) | (ꠘꠣꠁ) | (ꠘꠣꠁ) |
| ˌ | (ꠘꠣꠁ) | (ꠘꠣꠁ) | (ꠘꠣꠁ) |

 |

## ꠟꠈ

## ꠀꠞꠅ ꠖꠦꠈꠃꠇ꠆ꠇꠣ

* ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
* ꠛꠣꠋꠟꠣ ꠝꠣꠔ
* ꠀꠡꠣꠝꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ
* ꠀꠞꠛꠤ ꠝꠣꠔ

## ꠛꠣꠁꠞꠣ

* ꠁꠋꠞꠦꠎꠤ ꠝꠣꠔꠞ ꠃꠚꠞꠦ ꠄꠔꠘꠧꠟꠉꠞ ꠚꠞꠔꠤꠛꠦꠖꠘ

## ꠛꠁꠘꠣꠠꠤ ꠙꠎꠦꠇ꠆ꠐ

 ꠃꠁꠇꠤꠍꠚꠞ - ꠀꠋꠞꠦꠎ ꠝꠣꠔꠧꠞ ꠛꠣꠁꠟ