# Hisabati

Euklides, mwanahisabati wa Ugiriki wa Kale, karne ya 3 KK, alivyochorwa na Raffaello Sanzio.
**Hisabati** ni somo linalohusika na idadi, upimaji na ukubwa wa vitu.

Kwa ujumla linahusika na miundo na vielezo.

Hisabati linaundwa na masomo mbalimbali, kama hesabu, jiometria na aljebra.

Neno hisabati katika lugha ya Kiswahili limetokana na neno la Kiarabu حسابات (halisi: hesabu (wingi)).

Somo hili huweza kutumika kutatua matatizo mbalimbali, lakini hasa ni la msingi katika uelewa wa ulimwengu kisayansi. Hivyo hutumiwa na masomo mengine kama Fizikia, Jiografia, Kemia katika mafunzo yake.

|  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  WIKINIUM\_MATH\_PH\_0  |  |  |  |
| Mantiki ya kihisabati | Nadharia ya seti | Nadharia ya kategoria | Nadharia ya kuhesabu |

## Historia ya Hisabati

Mwanahisabati Mjerumani Carl Friedrich Gauss aliita hisabati malkia wa sayansi ambayo inasaidia katika uvumbuzi wa kisayansi. Somo la hisabati lilikita mizizi kwa sababu ya uchu wa wanasayansi kupenda kutatua shida kama vile za biashara, ugavi wa ardhi na masomo ya sayari na katika kukisia uzani.

## Tanbihi

## Marejeo

* Courant, Richard and H. Robbins, *What Is Mathematics? : An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods*, Oxford University Press, USA; 2 edition (July 18, 1996). ISBN 0-19-510519-2.
* Einstein, Albert (1923). *Sidelights on Relativity: I. Ether and relativity. II. Geometry and experience (translated by G.B. Jeffery, D.Sc., and W. Perrett, Ph.D)*. E.P. Dutton & Co., New York.
* du Sautoy, Marcus, *A Brief History of Mathematics*, BBC Radio 4 (2010).
* Eves, Howard, *An Introduction to the History of Mathematics*, Sixth Edition, Saunders, 1990, ISBN 0-03-029558-0.
* Kline, Morris, *Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times*, Oxford University Press, USA; Paperback edition (March 1, 1990). ISBN 0-19-506135-7.
* Monastyrsky, Michael (2001). "Some Trends in Modern Mathematics and the Fields Medal" (PDF). Canadian Mathematical Society. Iliwekwa mnamo Julai 28, 2006. `{{cite journal}}`: Cite journal requires `|journal=` (help); Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
* Oxford English Dictionary, second edition, ed. John Simpson and Edmund Weiner, Clarendon Press, 1989, ISBN 0-19-861186-2.
* *The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology*, 1983 reprint. ISBN 0-19-861112-9.
* Pappas, Theoni, *The Joy Of Mathematics*, Wide World Publishing; Revised edition (June 1989). ISBN 0-933174-65-9.
* Peirce, Benjamin (1881). Peirce, Charles Sanders (mhr.). "Linear associative algebra". *American Journal of Mathematics*. **4**. Johns Hopkins University: 97–229. JSTOR 2369153. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help).
* Peterson, Ivars, *Mathematical Tourist, New and Updated Snapshots of Modern Mathematics*, Owl Books, 2001, ISBN 0-8050-7159-8.
* Popper, Karl R. (1995). "On knowledge". *In Search of a Better World: Lectures and Essays from Thirty Years*. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-13548-6.
* Riehm, Carl (Agosti 2002). "The Early History of the Fields Medal" (PDF). *Notices of the AMS*. **49** (7). AMS: 778–782. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2006-10-26. Iliwekwa mnamo 2015-05-31. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
* Sevryuk, Mikhail B. (Januari 2006). "Book Reviews" (PDF). *Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society*. **43** (1): 101–109. Ilihifadhiwa kwenye nyaraka kutoka chanzo (PDF) mnamo 2006-07-23. Iliwekwa mnamo Juni 24, 2006. `{{cite journal}}`: Invalid `|ref=harv` (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
* Waltershausen, Wolfgang Sartorius von (1965) [first published 1856]. *Gauss zum Gedächtniss*. Sändig Reprint Verlag H. R. Wohlwend. ASIN B0000BN5SQ. ISBN 3-253-01702-8. ASIN 3253017028.

## Marejeo mengine

* Benson, Donald C., *The Moment of Proof: Mathematical Epiphanies*, Oxford University Press, USA; New Ed edition (December 14, 2000). ISBN 0-19-513919-4.
* Boyer, Carl B., *A History of Mathematics*, Wiley; 2nd edition, revised by Uta C. Merzbach, (March 6, 1991). ISBN 0-471-54397-7.—A concise history of mathematics from the Concept of Number to contemporary Mathematics.
* Davis, Philip J. and Hersh, Reuben, *The Mathematical Experience*. Mariner Books; Reprint edition (January 14, 1999). ISBN 0-395-92968-7.
* Gullberg, Jan, *Mathematics – From the Birth of Numbers*. W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition (October 1997). ISBN 0-393-04002-X.
* Hazewinkel, Michiel (ed.), *Encyclopaedia of Mathematics*. Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000. – A translated and expanded version of a Soviet mathematics encyclopedia, in ten (expensive) volumes, the most complete and authoritative work available. Also in paperback and on CD-ROM, and online Archived 2012-12-20 at Archive.today.
* Jourdain, Philip E. B., *The Nature of Mathematics*, in *The World of Mathematics*, James R. Newman, editor, Dover Publications, 2003, ISBN 0-486-43268-8.
* Maier, Annaliese, *At the Threshold of Exact Science: Selected Writings of Annaliese Maier on Late Medieval Natural Philosophy*, edited by Steven Sargent, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1982.

## Viungo vya nje

Simple English Wiktionary
Wikamusi ya Kiswahili ina maelezo na tafsiri ya maana ya neno:
hisabati Chama cha Hisabati Tanzania Ilihifadhiwa 30 Juni 2013 kwenye Wayback Machine., Chuo Kikuu cha Dar es Salaam
* Free Mathematics books Free Mathematics books collection.
* Encyclopaedia of Mathematics online encyclopaedia from Springer Archived 2012-12-20 at Archive.today, Graduate-level reference work with over 8,000 entries, illuminating nearly 50,000 notions in mathematics.
* HyperMath site at Georgia State University
* FreeScience Library Ilihifadhiwa 12 Mei 2015 kwenye Wayback Machine. The mathematics section of FreeScience library
* Rusin, Dave: *The Mathematical Atlas Ilihifadhiwa 3 Aprili 2004 kwenye Wayback Machine.*. A guided tour through the various branches of modern mathematics. (Can also be found at NIU.edu Ilihifadhiwa 6 Oktoba 2006 kwenye Wayback Machine..)
* Polyanin, Andrei: *EqWorld: The World of Mathematical Equations*. An online resource focusing on algebraic, ordinary differential, partial differential (mathematical physics), integral, and other mathematical equations.
* Cain, George: Online Mathematics Textbooks Ilihifadhiwa 8 Machi 2009 kwenye Wayback Machine. available free online.
* Tricki Ilihifadhiwa 26 Machi 2022 kwenye Wayback Machine., Wiki-style site that is intended to develop into a large store of useful mathematical problem-solving techniques.
* Mathematical Structures, list information about classes of mathematical structures.
* Mathematician Biographies. The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive Extensive history and quotes from all famous mathematicians.
* *Metamath*. A site and a language, that formalize mathematics from its foundations.
* Nrich Ilihifadhiwa 1 Januari 2012 kwenye Wayback Machine., a prize-winning site for students from age five from Cambridge University
* Open Problem Garden, a wiki of open problems in mathematics
* *Planet Math*. An online mathematics encyclopedia under construction, focusing on modern mathematics. Uses the Attribution-ShareAlike license, allowing article exchange with Wikipedia. Uses TeX markup.
* Some mathematics applets, at MIT Ilihifadhiwa 7 Januari 2011 kwenye Wayback Machine.
* Weisstein, Eric et al.: *MathWorld: World of Mathematics*. An online encyclopedia of mathematics.
* Patrick Jones' Video Tutorials on Mathematics
* Citizendium: Theory (mathematics).
* du Sautoy, Marcus, *A Brief History of Mathematics*, BBC Radio 4 (2010).
* MathOverflow A Q&A site for research-level mathematics
* Math – Khan Academy
* Teachoo Maths
* National Museum of Mathematics, located in New York City

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya sayansi bado ni **mbegu**. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu **Hisabati** kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari*.* |