# Mzingo aktiki

Mstari wa mzingo aktiki kwenye ramani ya Dunia.
Mzingo aktiki kwenye ramani ya Aktiki.
**Mzingo aktiki** (kwa Kiingereza: *Arctic circle*) ni mstari wa kudhaniwa kwenye uso wa Dunia kwa latitudo ya 66° 33' 49 hivi. Umbali wake na ncha ya kaskazini ni takriban kilomita 2,600.

Kinyume chake ni mzingo antaktiki upande wa kaskazini ya Dunia.

## Ufafanuzi wa mzingo aktiki

Mzingo aktiki unafafanuliwa na latitudo ambako Jua linaanza kuonekana kwa saa 24 mfululizo kwenye solistasi ya Juni, mnamo tarehe 21 au 22. Latitudo yake unabadilika kidogo mara kwa mara pamoja na kucheza kwa mhimili wa mzunguko wa Dunia.

## Maana ya mzingo aktiki

Maana kwenye siku ya solistasi ya Juni (mnamo 21 Juni), Jua halitui tena chini ya upeo wa macho ndani ya mzingo aktiki hata saa za usiku wa manane. Kadiri latitudo inavyopungua, yaani tukielekea zaidi kwenda kaskazini na kukaribia ncha, kipindi cha mchana kinarefuka hadi kufikia nusu mwaka nchani kabisa.

Kinyume chake, ndani ya mzingo aktiki kwenye siku ya solistasi ya Desemba (mnamo 21 Desemba), Jua halichomozi tena juu ya upeo. Hii haimaanishi giza kabisa wakati wa mchana lakini hakuna zaidi ila nuru ya mapambazuko saa 6 mchana. Kadiri tunavyokaribia ncha yaani kufika kaskazini, kipindi cha usiku na giza kabisa hurefuka hadi kufikia nusu mwaka nchani kabisa.

## Jiografia

Mzingo aktiki una urefu wa kilomita 16,000 hivi. Maeneo ndani yake ni takribani kilomita za mraba 20,000,000 ambayo sawa na asilimia 4 za uso wa Dunia.

Mzingo Aktiki hupita kwenye sehemu zifuatazo: Bahari Aktiki, Rasi ya Skandinavia, Asia ya Kaskazini (Siberia), Amerika Kaskazini, na Greenland. Nchi nane huwa na maeneo ndani ya mzingo aktiki: Norwei, Uswidi, Ufini, Urusi, Marekani (Alaska), Kanada (Yukon, Northwest Territories, na Nunavut), Denmark (Greenland), na Iceland (kisiwa cha Grímsey).

### Tabianchi

Tabianchi ndani ya mzingo aktiki kwa jumla ni baridi. Lakini pwani za Norwei si baridi sana kwa sababu zinapitiwa na maji ya Mkondo wa Ghuba unaopeleka maji ya vuguvugu kutoka ikweta hadi Norwei na Urusi kaskazini-magharibi ambako hayaruhusu maji ya bahari kuwa barafu wakati wa baridi kali.
Hata ndani ya mzingo aktiki inawezekana kuwa na vipindi vya joto kabisa kwa muda mfupi; mfano mjini Norilsk (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Urusi) halijoto inaweza kupita sentigredi 30 kwenye mwezi wa Julai, lakini wakati wa Januari inaweza kushuka hadi sentigredi -50 (chini ya sifuri).

### Wakazi

Kutokana na ukali wa tabianchi hakuna watu wengi wanaoishi ndani ya mzingo aktiki, kote duniani hawazidi milioni 4 kwa jumla. Kuna wakazi asilia waliowahi kuishi huko kwa miaka elfu kadhaa, kama vile Waeskimo au Waindio wa kaskazini. Siku hizi hao ni takriban asilimia 10 ya watu wote wanaoishi upande wa kaskazini wa mzingo aktiki Takriban miaka 20,000 hadi 30,000 iliyopita makundi ya watu walihama kutoka Siberia wakivuka mlangobahari wa Bering na kuingia Amerika Kaskazini.

Miji mikubwa ndani ya mzingo aktiki iko katika Urusi, Norwei na Uswidi: Murmansk (wakazi 295,374), Norilsk (178,018), Tromsø (75,638), Vorkuta (58,133), na Kiruna (16,936).

Kwa upande wa Amerika hakuna miji mkubwa: Sisimiut (Greenland), ina wakazi wapatao 5,000 na Utqiagvik, Alaska ina wakazi 4,000.

### Sehemu kwenye Mzingo Aktiki

Kuanzia meridiani ya sifuri na kuelekea mashariki, mzingo aktiki unapita hapa:

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| Majiranukta | Nchi, mkoa au bahari | Maelezo |
| --- | --- | --- |
| ﻿ / ﻿  | Atlantiki | Bahari ya Norwei |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Kigezo:NOR | Visiwa vya Træna, Nordland |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Atlantiki | Trænfjorden, Bahari ya Norwei |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Kigezo:NOR | Visiwa vya Nesøya, Nordland |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Atlantiki | Nesøyfjorden, Bahari ya Norwei |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Kigezo:NOR | Visiwa vya Storseløya, Nordland |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Atlantiki | Kvarøyfjorden, Bahari ya Norwei |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Kigezo:NOR | Visiwa vya Rangsundøya, Nordland |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Atlantiki | Værangfjorden, Bahari ya Norwei |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Kigezo:NOR | Nordland |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Uswidi | Norrbottens län (Mikoa ya Lapland (Uswidi)na Norrbotten) |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Finland | Lapland |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Urusi | Karelia |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Murmansk Oblast |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Karelia |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Murmansk Oblast |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari Aktiki | Kandalaksha Gulf, Bahari Nyeupe, Bahari ya Barents |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Urusi | Rasi ya Kola, Murmansk Oblast — for about km 7 (mi 4.3) |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari Aktiki | Kandalaksha Gulf, Bahari Nyeupe, Bahari ya Barents |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Urusi | Rasi ya Kola, Murmansk Oblast |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari Aktiki | Bahari Nyeupe, Bahari ya Barents |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Urusi | Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Komi Republic |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari Aktiki | Ghuba ya Ob, Bahari ya Kara |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Urusi | Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Krasnoyarsk Krai |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Sakha Republic |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Chukotka Autonomous Okrug |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari Aktiki | Bahari ya Chukchi |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Marekani | Seward Peninsula, Alaska |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari Aktiki | Kotzebue Sound, Bahari ya Chukchi |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Marekani | Alaska—ukipita katikaSelawik Lake |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Kanada | Yukon |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Northwest Territories, ukipita katikaGreat Bear Lake |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Nunavut |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari Aktiki | Foxe Basin |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Kanada | Nunavut (Baffin Island), ukipita katikaNettilling Lake na Auyuittuq National Park (sign location) |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Atlantiki | Mlangobahari wa Davis |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | **Kosa la hati: Hakuna moduli kama "flag".** | ukipita katikaKangerlussuaq Fjord na Schweizerland |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Atlantiki | Mlangobahari wa Denmark |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Greenland Sea |
| ﻿ / ﻿ |  Iceland | Island of Grímsey |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Atlantiki | Greenland Sea |
| ﻿ / ﻿ | Bahari ya Norwei |

 | A sign along the Dalton Highway marking the location of the Arctic Circle in Alaska
Arctic Circle line in Rovaniemi, Ufini
Aurora Borealis above Arctic Circle sign along the Dempster Highway in Yukon at ﻿ / ﻿ |

## Picha

* A sign on Vikingen island marking the Arctic Circle in NorweiA sign on Vikingen island marking the Arctic Circle in Norwei
* The Arctic Circle on Grímsey in Iceland
* Arctic Circle sign by the Inland Line railway, Uswidi
* The Arctic Circle in the Karelia, Urusi
* Arctic Circle sign by the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Urusi
* A sign in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), Urusi

## Tanbihi