# Namba za Kiroma

**Namba za Kiroma** (kwa Kiingereza: *Roman numerals*) ni mfumo wa tarakimu kwa kuandika namba jinsi ulivyokuwa kawaida wakati wa Roma ya Kale na katika mwandiko wa Kilatini. Mfumo huu unaendelea kutumika hadi leo kwa namba za pekee, hasa katika muundo wa orodha ambako mgawanyo ni wa ngazi mbalimbali. Ni kawaida kwa kutofautisha watu wenye jina lilelile, kwa mfano wafalme au mapapa: Malkia Elizabeth II (= wa pili) au Papa Benedikto XVI (= wa kumi na sita).

## Herufi za alfabeti kama tarakimu

Jinsi ilivyo katika lugha mbalimbali, hata Waroma walitumia herufi za alfabeti ya Kilatini (ingawa chache) kama tarakimu za kutaja namba pia.

### Alama za kimsingi

Herufi chache zilizotumika kwa namba muhimu zaidi, ambazo ziunganishwe kupata namba zote, ni:

**I** - 1

**V** - 5

**X** - 10

**L** - 50

**C** - 100

**D** - 500

**M** - 1000

| Alama | Namba | Alama | Namba | Alama | Namba | Alama | Namba | Alama | Namba | Alama | Namba | Alama | Namba |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **I** | 1 | **V** | 5 | **X** | 10 | **L** | 50 | **C** | 100 | **D** | 500 | **M** | 1000 |

## Kuunganisha alama za namba

### Kujumlisha alama

Namba kubwa zaidi huonyeshwa kwa kuandika alama inayotakiwa upande wa kulia lakini kwa kawaida si zaidi ya mara tatu:

**I** = 1; **II** = 2; **III** = 3, **V** ni 5 lakini **VI** ni 6; **XX** ni 20 lakini **XXI** ni 21.

Walikuwa na utaratibu wa kutoandika zaidi ya alama tatu ya aina ileile mfululizo. Lakini waliweza kupuuza utaratibu huu pia na kuandika VIIII (9) badala ya **IX** au XXXX (40) bafala ya **XL**.

### Kupunguza alama

Namba ndogo zaidi huonyeshwa kwa kuandika alama ndogo upande wa kushoto:

**V** ni 5 lakini **IV** ni 4 badala ya **IIII** (inayotokea mara chache); **X** ni 10 lakini **IX** ni tisa

Hapa walifuata utaratibu ufuatao:
kuweka I moja au X moja au C moja tu kabla ya alama kuwba zaidi; halafu namba hii yatolewa kwenye namba kubwa:

Mfano: **IX**=9; IXX = 19; **IL** = 49; **LIV**=54; **XC**=90; **CD**=400; **CM**=900
I pekee huwekwa kabla ya V au X; X pekee kabla ya L au C; C pekee kabla ya D au M.

Mfano: **XCIX** (99) lakini siyo IC; **CMXCIX** (999) lakini siyo IM
## Namba mfululizo 1-100

| **I** | **II** | **III** | **IV** | **V** | **VI** | **VII** | **VIII** | **IX** | **X** |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| **XI** | **XII** | **XIII** | **XIV** | **XV** | **XVI** | **XVII** | **XVIII** | **XIX** | **XX** |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| **XXI** | **XXII** | **XXIII** | **XXIV** | **XXV** | **XXVI** | **XXVII** | **XXVIII** | **XXIX** | **XXX** |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| **XXXI** | **XXXII** | **XXXIII** | **XXXIV** | **XXXV** | **XXXVI** | **XXXVII** | **XXXVIII** | **XXXIX** | **XL** |
| 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 |
| **XLI** | **XLII** | **XLIII** | **XLIV** | **XLV** | **XLVI** | **XLVII** | **XLVIII** | **XLIX** | **L** |
| 41 | 42 | 43 | 44 | 45 | 46 | 47 | 48 | 49 | 50 |
| **LI** | **LII** | **LIII** | **LIV** | **LV** | **LVI** | **LVII** | **LVIII** | **LIX** | **LX** |
| 51 | 52 | 53 | 54 | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 59 | 60 |
| **LXI** | **LXII** | **LXIII** | **LXIV** | **LXV** | **LXVI** | **LXVII** | **LXVIII** | **LXIX** | **LXX** |
| 61 | 62 | 63 | 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 |
| **LXXI** | **LXXII** | **LXXIII** | **LXXIV** | **LXXV** | **LXXVI** | **LXXVII** | **LXXVIII** | **LXXIX** | **LXXX** |
| 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 |
| **LXXXI** | **LXXXII** | **LXXXIII** | **LXXXIV** | **LXXXV** | **LXXXVI** | **LXXXVII** | **LXXXVIII** | **LXXXIX** | **XC** |
| 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 |
| **XCI** | **XCII** | **XCIII** | **XCIV** | **XCV** | **XCVI** | **XCVII** | **XCVIII** | **XCIX** | **C** |
| 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 100 |