# Rais wa Ujerumani

Bendera ya Rais wa Ujerumani
Frank-Walter Steinmeier
**Rais wa Ujerumani** ni mkuu wa dola katika Shirikisho la Jamhuri ya Ujerumani.

Kazi yake ni kuwa alama ya umoja wa taifa, lakini katika mfumo wa serikali ya kibunge nchini Ujerumani hana madaraka mengi. Madaraka muhimu ya kisiasa ni kama yafuatayo

* rais anapaswa kutia sahihi kwa kila sheria iliyopitishwa bungeni. Hapa anaweza kukataa akiona sababu muhimu ya kwamba sheria hailingani na katiba. Akikataa bunge ina njia ya kusahihisha sheria au kumshtaki ais mbele ya mahakama kuu. Tangu 1949 maraisi wa Ujerumani walikataa mara 9 kutia sahihi wakalazimisha serikali na bunge kubadilisha sheria.
* rais anaamua kama bunge inavunjwa baada ya chansella kushindwa katika swali la imani katika serikali; chansella kama kiongozi wa serikali anaweza kudai kura ya bunge kama ina imani katika serikali. Kama swali hili linakataliwa na wabunge wengi chansella anaweza kumwomba rais kuvunja bunge na uchaguzi wa bunge jipya. Lakini azimio liko mkononi mwa rais anayeweza kumteua kiongozi wingine kuunda serikali mpya.

Rais huchaguliwa kila baada ya miaka 5 na mkutano wa shirikisho (Bundesversammlung) ambao ni wabunge wote pamoja na idadi sawa ya wawakilishi wa mabunge ya majimbo.

Mshahara wa rais ni asilimia 90 za mshahara wa chansella wa Ujerumani. Katika mwaka 2010 hii ililingana na Euro 199,000; pamoja na hayo anapata Euro 78.000 marupurupu ya kando na kwa pesa hii analipa mishahara ya watumishi wa nyumba yake anayopata bure.

## Orodha ya marais wa Ujerumani

### Marais wa Jamhuri ya Weimar *(Reichspräsident)* (1919-1933)

| # | Picha | Jina (miaka ya maisha)  | Tarehe ya kuanza | Tarehe ya kwisha | Chama |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Friedrich Ebert (1871-1925)  | 11 Februari 1919 | 28 Februari 1925 | SPD |
| 2 |  | Paul von Hindenburg (1847-1934)  | 12 Mei 1925 | 2 Agosti 1934 | - |
|  |  | Adolf Hitler (1889-1945)  | 2 Agosti 1934 | 30 Aprili 1945 | NSDAP |
| 3 |  | Karl Dönitz (1891-1980)  | 30 Aprili 1945 | 23 Mei 1945 | - |

### Marais wa Ujerumani ya Magharibi (1949–1990)

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| Marais wa Shirikisho la Jamhuri ya Ujerumani (*Bundespräsident*)

| # | Picha | Jina (miaka ya maisha)  | Tarehe ya kuanza | Tarehe ya kwisha | Chama |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 |  | Theodor Heuss (1884-1963)  | 13 Septemba 1949 | 12 Septemba 1959 | FDP |
| 2 |  | Heinrich Lübke (1894-1972)  | 13 Septemba 1959 | 30 Juni 1969 | CDU |
| 3 |  | Gustav Heinemann (1899-1976)  | 1 Julai 1969 | 30 Juni 1974 | SPD |
| 4 |  | Walter Scheel (1919-2016)  | 1 Julai 1974 | 30 Juni 1979 | FDP |
| 5 |  | Karl Carstens (1914-1992)  | 1 Julai 1979 | 30 Juni 1984 | CDU |
| 6 |  | Richard von Weizsäcker (1920-2015)  | 1 Julai 1984 | 30 Juni 1994 | CDU |

 | Marais wa Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kijerumani (*Präsident der Volkskammer*)

| # | Picha | Jina (miaka ya maisha)  | Tarehe ya kuanza | Tarehe ya kwisha | Chama |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | Wilhelm Pieck (1876-1960)  | 11 Oktoba 1949 | 7 Septemba 1960 | SED |
| 1 |  | Walter Ulbricht (1893-1973)  | 12 Septemba 1960 | 1 Agosti 1973 | SED |
| 2 |  | Willi Stoph (1914-1999)  | 3 Oktoba 1973 | 29 Oktoba 1976 | SED |
| 3 |  | Erich Honecker (1912-1994)  | 29 Oktoba 1976 | 18 Oktoba 1989 | SED |
| 4 |  | Egon Krenz (1937-)  | 18 Oktoba 1989 | 6 Desemba 1989 | SED |
| 5 |  | Manfred Gerlach (1928-2011)  | 6 Desemba 1989 | 5 Aprili 1990 | LDPD |
|  |  | Sabine Bergmann-Pohl (1946-)  | 5 Aprili 1990 | 2 Oktoba 1990 | CDU |

 |

### Marais wa Shirikisho la Jamhuri ya Ujerumani *(Bundespräsident)* (1990-sasa)

| # | Picha | Jina (miaka ya maisha)  | Tarehe ya kuanza | Tarehe ya kwisha | Chama |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 6 |  | Richard von Weizsäcker (1920-2015)  | *since* 1 Julai 1984 | 30 Juni 1994 | CDU |
| 7 |  | Roman Herzog (1934-2017)  | 1 Julai 1994 | 30 Juni 1999 | CDU |
| 8 |  | Johannes Rau (1931-2006)  | 1 Julai 1999 | 30 Juni 2004 | SPD |
| 9 |  | Horst Köhler (1943-2025)  | 1 Julai 2004 | 31 Mei 2010 | CDU |
| 10 |  | Christian Wulff (1959-)  | 2 Julai 2010 | 17 Februari 2012 | CDU |
| 11 |  | Joachim Gauck (1940-)  | 18 Machi 2012 | 18 Machi 2017 | - |
| 12 |  | Frank-Walter Steinmeier (1956-)  | 19 Machi 2017 | sasa | SPD |

## Tazama pia

* Machansela wa Ujerumani