# Saudi Arabia

**المملكة العربية السعودية
*Al-Mamlakah al-'Arabiyyah as-Sa'ūdiyyahKarajaan Saudi Arabia**|

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| Motto: basa Arab: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله (Alihaksara: *lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadu-r-rasūlu-llāhi*) (Alihbasa: "Teu aya deui Pangéran anging Gusti Allah sareng Nabi Muhammad éta utusan Allah") |
| Lagu: *Aash Al Malik* |
| Lokasi Saudi Arabia |
| **Ibukota** | Riyadh 24°39′N 46°46′E |
| **Kota panggedéna** | Riyadh |
| **Basa resmi** | Basa Arab |
| **Pamaréntahan** | Karajaan absolut |
|  - Raja | Salman bin Abdulaziz |
|  - Pangéran | Muqrin Bin Abdul Aziz |
| **Ngadegna** | Minangka Karajaan  |
|  - Didéklarasikeun | 8 Januari, 1926  |
|  - Diaku | 20 Méi, 1927  |
|  - Ngahiji | 23 Séptémber, 1932  |
| **Wewengkon** |   |
|  - Total | 2.149.690 km² (ka-14) |
|   | 829.996 sq mi  |
|  - Cai (%) | saeutik |
| **Populasi** |   |
|  - Perkiraan taun 2006 | 25.192.7201 (ka-462) |
|  - Kapadetan | 11/km² (ka-205) 29/sq mi  |
| **GDP** (PPP) | 2005 (éstimasi) |
|  - Total | $351.996 milyar (ka-27) |
|  - Perkapita | $ 15.229 (ka-46) |
| **HDI** (2003) | 0,772 (ka-77) – sedeng |
| **Mata uang** | Riyal (`SAR`) |
| **Wewengkon wanci** | (UTC+3) |
| **Internét TLD** | .sa |
| **Kode telepon** | `+966` |
| 1Populasina diperkirakeun 5,576,076 non-nasional 2Réngking dumasar kana itungan taun |

**Karajaan Saudi Arabia** (Basa Arab: **المملكة العربية السعودية**‎) nyaéta nagara panglegana di Semenanjung Arab. Nagara ieu wawatesan jeung Jordania di kulon kalér, Iraq di kalér jeung wétan kalér, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, jeung Uni Émirat Arab di beulah wétan, Oman di wétan kidul, sarta Yaman di beulah kiduleunnana, kalayan Teluk Pérsia di beulah wétan kalér jeung Laut Beureum di beulah kuloneunnana. Nagara ieu disebut "lemahna dua masjid suci", minangka rujukan ka Mekah jeung Madinah, dua kota pangsucina dina ageman Islam. Nagara ieu nujul kana **Saudi Arabia** (ngecapkeun dina basa Inggris /ˈsɒdɪ əˈɹeɪ̯bɪə/), **السعودية** /ælʕɑrɑˈbiː æsːæʕuːˈdijːæ/ atawa **Arabia** wungkul, nu henteu pati ilahar (saperti dina maén bal), **KSA**.

## Sajarah

Nu ngadegkeun Saudi Arabia modéren, Raja Abdul Aziz, keur sawala jeung Franklin Delano Roosevelt nalika mulih ti Konferensi Yalta taun 1945.
Nagara ieu dimimitian di Arabia tengah kira-kira taun1750. Saurang pangawasa lokal, Muhammad bin Saud, ngagabung jeung ajengan sarta pembaharu Islam ngaranna syékh Muhammad Abdul Wahhab, pikeun nyiptakeun sahiji entitas pulitik anyar. Salila saratus lima puluh taunsaterusna, nasib kulawarga Saud sawatara kali naék-turun dina usahana ngalawan Mesir, Kakaisaran Utsmaniyah, sarta kulawarga Arab séjénna pikeun ngawasa semenanjung Arabia éta. Nagara Arab Saudi pamustunganana nangtung di handapeun kapamingpinan almarhum Raja Abdul Aziz Al-Saud (anu ogé ditulis minangka Abdul Aziz bin Saud).

Dina taun1902, Abdul Aziz bin Saud junun ngawasa Riyadh, puseur dayeuh karuhun kulawarga Al-Saud, ti kakawasaan lawanana nyaéta kulawarga Al-Rashid. Abdul Aziz nuluykeun usahana kalayan ngawasa Al-Ahsa, Al-Qatif, sésa wewengkon Najd, sarta Hijaz antara taun1913-1926. Dina tanggal 8 Januari 1926, Abdul Aziz bin Saud nyokot gelar Raja Hijaz. Dina tanggal 29 Januari 1927, manéhna nyokot gelar Raja Najd. Ngaliwatan Perjangjian Jeddah anu ditandatanganan dina 20 Méi 1927, Inggris ngaku kamerdikaan wewengkon kakawasaan Abdul Aziz, anu saterusna dipikawanoh minangka Karajaan Hijaz sarta Najd. Dina taun1932, kadua wewengkon ieu ngahiji sarta robah jadi Karajaan Arab Saudi.

Kapanggihna minyak bumi dina bulan Maret 1938 geus ngarobah ékonomi nagara, sarta saterusna méré kamakmuran anu badag pikeun karajaan ieu.

## Pulitik

Institusi pamaréntahan utama di Arab Saudi nyaéta Karajaan Saudi. Undang-undang dasar anu diadopsi dina taun1992 nyatakeun Saudi Arabia minangka hiji karajaan anu diparéntah ku anak sarta incu ti raja kahiji, Abdul Aziz Al-Saud, sarta Al Qur'an minangka konstitusi nagara ieu anu dijalankeun dumasar hukum Islam (saréat).

Raja Salman ti Saudi Arabia
Euweuh partéi pulitik atawa pamilihan umum nasional anu diaku, kajaba pamilihan lokal anu diayakeun di taun2005. Kakawasaan raja sacara téoritis diwatesan ku saréat Islam sarta talari Saudi séjénna. Manéhna ogé kudu nengetan konsensus para kulawarga karajaan Saudi, pamingpin ageman (ajengan), sarta elemen penting séjénna dina masarakat Saudi. Idéologi nagara nyaéta Salafi. Karajaan nyebarkeun falsafah Islam ieu ngaliwatan pangwangunan masjid sarta madrasah di sakumna dunya. Kulawarga karajaan milih raja ti antara maranéhanana sorangan, saterusna ménta kasapukan ti ajengan.

## Propinsi

Propinsi di Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia kabagi jadi 13 propinsi (manatiq, tunggal - mintaqah).

1. Al-Bahah
2. Al-Hudud Asy-Syamaliyah
3. Al-Jawf
4. Al-Madinah
5. Al-Qassim
6. Ar-Riyad
7. Asy-Syarqiyah
8. `Asir
9. Ha'il
10. Jizan
11. Makkah
12. Najran
13. Tabuk

## Kota gedé

* Riyadh (Ibu kota Saudi Arabia)
* Mekah (Makkah)(Kota suci dina Islam)
* Medina (Kota suci kadua dina Islam)
* Jeddah (Ibu kota komérsial jeung palabuan laut utama)
* Dammam (Ibu kota propinsi béh wétan)
* Zhahran
* Ras Tanura (Pertambangan minyak panglegana di dunya)
* Jubail (Kota industri)
* Yanbu (Kota industri)
* Taif
* Abha
* Jizan

## Tempo ogé

* Komunikasi di Saudi Arabia
* Hubungan luar nagri Saudi Arabia
* Poé peré di Saudi Arabia
* Daptar kota di Saudi Arabia
* Saudi Aramco

## Bibliografi

* Lippman, Thomas W. "Inside the Mirage: America's Fragile Partnership with Saudi Arabia" (Westview 2004) ISBN 0-8133-4052-7
* Mackey, Sandra, *The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom* (Houghton Mifflin, 1987) ISBN 0-395-41165-3
* Ménoret, Pascal, *The Saudi Enigma: A History* (Zed Books, 2005) ISBN 1-84277-605-3
* al-Rasheed, Madawi, *A History of Saudi Arabia* (Cambridge University Press, 2002) ISBN 052164335 Citakan:Invalid isbn
* Matthew R. Simmons, *Twilight in the Desert The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy*, John Wiley & Sons, 2005, ISBN 0-471-73876-X
* Robert Lacey, *THE KINGDOM: Arabia & The House of Sa'ud*, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc, 1981 (Hard Cover) and Avon Books, 1981 (Soft Cover. Library of Congress: 81-83741 ISBN 0-380-61762-5

## Rujukan

* *The New York Times* "Asterisk Aside, First National Vote for Saudis" February 10, 2005
* BBC "Q&A: Saudi municipal elections"
* BBC "Saudis' first exercise in democracy"
* Hesbah.com site of Authority for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice Archived 2005-04-03 di Wayback Machine Form for Saudis to anonymously report "un-Islamic" activities to the Mutaween.
* "Saudi says US human trafficking criticism unfounded"

## Tumbu luar

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**Pamaréntah Saudi Arabian Information Resource from the Saudi Ministry of Culture and Information

**Sawangan Saudi-US Relations Information Service - *Saudi Arabia* Archived 2006-09-21 di Wayback Machine
* BBC News Country Profile - *Saudi Arabia*
* CIA World Factbook - *Saudi Arabia* Archived 2020-12-29 di Wayback Machine
* Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding Saudi Arabia Archived 2008-12-11 di Wayback Machine
* US State Department - *Saudi Arabia* includes Background Notes, Country Study and major reports
* PBS Frontline - "House of Saud" February 2005 documentary
* 6 Myths of U.S.-Saudi Relations by Rachel Bronson Archived 2006-08-24 di Wayback Machine at the Oxford University Press blog

**Diréktori Saudipedia - Insiders Guide to Saudi Arabia Archived 2007-02-25 di Wayback Machine
* Arab Gateway - *Saudi Arabia* Archived 2008-10-14 di Wayback Machine
* Findouter - *Saudi Arabia* directory category
* Open Directory Project - *Saudi Arabia* Archived 2006-08-10 di Wayback Machine directory category
* Yahoo! - *Saudi Arabia* Archived 2008-12-05 di Wayback Machine directory category
* Startpage Saoedi-arabie Archived 2006-09-08 di Wayback Machine

**Iber Yahoo! News Full Coverage - *Saudi Arabia* news héadline links

**Lianna Saudi Arabia: Historical Demographic Data Factsheet
* World Shi'a Population
* Asinah - Saudi Arabia Archived 2006-03-13 di Wayback Machine
* British Business Group, Jeddah Archived 2006-08-27 di Wayback Machine
* U.S. Department of Justice: Foreign Agents Registration Act
* A Virtual Tour of Saudi Arabia Archived 2006-09-09 di Wayback Machine
* Saudi Arabia travel guide Archived 2018-08-30 di Wayback Machine
* Amir Butler: Leave change in Saudi Arabia to the Saudis Archived 2006-09-01 di Wayback Machine (Discusses the question of Saudi liberalization)
* the supreme commission for tourism Archived 2006-06-17 di Wayback Machine
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   *Tempo ogé **Saudi Arabia** di Wikivoyage*