# James Bond

Sean Connery sebagai pemeran pertama karakter James Bond.
Pierce Brosnan sebagai pemeran James Bond kelima.
James Bond 007 (leuwih terkenal ku sebatan James Bond, Agen 007 atanapi JB) mangrupa salahsa hiji karakter fiksi nu diciptakeun taun 1953 ku panulis Inggris, Ian Fleming, di mana karakter ieu saterasna muncul dina dua belas novel daring dua koleksi carita pondok versi asli. Karakter ieu teras dipaké dina waralaba media film terlaris jeung tersukses di dunya sampai ka kiwari, dimimiti taun 1962 dina *Dr. No*.

Saatos Fleming tilar dunya di taun 1964, panulisan novel James Bond diteraskeun ku Kingsley Amis (sabagai Robert Markham), John Pearson, John Gardner, Raymond Benson jeung Sebastian Faulks. Salain ti eta, Christopher Wood menovelisasi dua film janten novel, Charlie Higson menulis carita tentang Young James Bond, sareng beberapa penulis lain meunang hak kapercayaan keur ngembangkeun carita James Bond non-resmi.

Aya 22 film nu dirilis jeung kaasup dina seri produksi "resmi" EON Productions, nu terakhir jeung paling anyar nyaéta *Quantum of Solace* nu dirilis kaping 31 Oktober 2008 (keur kawasan Inggris). Salain ti versi éoN, pihak produser lain ogé nyobaan ngadamel sareng ngembangkeu carita James Bond dina beberapa variasi, nyaéta dina sandiwara radio, komik, dan vidéo game.

Film-film produksi éoN Productions disebat ogé sabagai film resmi (official), saatos hak produksinya dipeser ku produser Harry Saltzman di akhir 1950-an.

## Sejarah dan inspirasi

Komandan Sir James Bond, (KCMG, RNVR) nyaéta mangrupa saorang agen rahasia intelejen Inggris (Secret Intelligence Service, disingkat SIS, atanapi disebat ogé sabagai MI6). Anjeunna diciptakan di sasih Januari 1952 ku jurnalis Inggris, Ian Fleming ketika anjeunna sedang berlibur di Jamaika. Nami James Bond dicandak tina saorang ahli burung asal AS, ogé tina saorang pengamat manuk ti Karibia.

Roger Moore, pemeran ketiga James Bond setelah George Lazenby.
Kolot James Bond nyaéta Andrew Bond, saorang Skotlandia, jeung Monique Delacroix nu asalna ti Canton de Vaud, Swiss. Asal ti kaduana disebatkeun dina *On Her Majesty's Secret Service*. Fleming nambihkeun unsur Skotlandia ka James Bond saatos anjeunna ninggali karakter Sean Connery dina *Dr. No*. Samentara karakter Swiss ditambihkeun ku sabab Ian Fleming masih kénéh miboga darah Swiss. Hiji rencana, tapi gagal diréalisasikeun, sempat Fleming pikirkeun nyaéta nulis sebuah novel Bond nu nyaritakeun asal usul ibunda Bond. Dina biografi fiksi tentang agen 007, John Péarson méré poéan lahir Bond di 11 November 1920 (Hari Gencatan Senjata). Bagian awal dina film "For Your Eyes Only" méré katerangan yén istrina James Bond lahir di 1943. Dina *You Only Live Twice* Tanaka nerangkeun ka Bond bahwa ia babar di Yéar of the Rat (1924/25 atanapi 1912/13). Dina novel *On Her Majesty's Secret Service*, slogan kulawarga Bond nyaéta "Orbis non sufficit" ("The world is not enough" – Dunia saja tidaklah cukup).

## Novel dan sejenisnya

Bulan Februari 1952, Ian Fleming mimitian nulis James Bond. Saat itu anjeunna sedang ngajabat sabagai manajer keur harian Kemsley, nu mangrupakan induk perusahaan ti The Daily Express di London. Sateuacan narima tawaran jabatan manajer, Fleming sempet ngajukeun salah satu syarat, nyaéta dua sasih liburan dina sataun dina kontrak kerjanya tersebut. Ketika anjeunna ngadapatkeun waktos berliburnya tersebut, anjeunna lantas milih Jamaika, di mana akhirnya anjeunna nemukeun inspirasi keur nulis James Bond. Antara 1953 sampai hari wafatna di taun 1964, Fleming atos nulis jeung nerbitkeun 12 novel jeung hiji carita pendek (hijina deui diterbitkeun saatos wafatna Fleming). Salanjutna kalanjutan novel James Bond ditulis ku Kingsley Amis (sabagai Robert Markham), John Gardner, Charlie Higson, Raymond Benson, nu kemudian janten orang non-Inggris pertama nu janten pangarang James Bond (Benson berasal ti AS). Hiji deui kisah lain, judulna *The Young Bond series* dimimiti taun 2005 ku Charlie Higson.

Bulan Juli 2007, diumumkeun bahwa Sebastian Faulks atos ngadapet izin keur nulis beberapa novel James Bond anyar, salah sahijina keur ngenang 100 taun kalahiran Ian Fleming. Buku 100 taun Fleming tersebut berjudul *Devil May Care*, diterbitkan jeung dirilis sacara resmi kaping 27 Mei 2008.

### Novel Ian Fleming

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| * 1953 *Casino Royale*
* 1954 *Live and Let Die*
* 1955 *Moonraker*
* 1956 *Diamonds Are Forever*
* 1957 *From Russia with Love*
* 1958 *Dr. No*
* 1959 *Goldfinger*
 | * 1960 *For Your Eyes Only* - cerita pendek
* 1961 *Thunderball*
* 1962 *The Spy Who Loved Me*
* 1963 *On Her Majesty's Secret Service*
* 1964 *You Only Live Twice*
* 1965 *The Man with the Golden Gun*
* 1966 *Octopussy and The Living Daylights* - cerita pendek
 |

## Adaptasi

### Produksi EON

Film buatan éoN Productions dimimiti taun 1962 ku Dr. No. Saterasna sampai ka kiwari tos aya 22 film nu dirilis ku éoN Productions. Film-film buatan éoN Productions disebat sabagai film resmi, ku sabab hak film éta tos dipeser ku produser Harry Saltzman sejak akhir 1950-an.

| Nomor | Judul | taun | Aktor | Sutradara | Total Box Office | Anggaran | Penyesuaian Inflasi Total Box Office\*\* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **1** | *Dr. No* | 1962 | Sean Connery | Terence Young | $59.600.000 | $1.200.000 | $425.488.741 |
| **2** | *From Russia with Love* | 1963 | $78.900.000 | $2.500.000 | $555.909.803 |
| **3** | *Goldfinger* | 1964 | Guy Hamilton | $124.900.000 | $3.500.000 | $868.659.354 |
| **4** | *Thunderball* | 1965 | Terence Young | $141.200.000 | $11.000.000 | $966.435.555 |
| **5** | *You Only Live Twice* | 1967 | Lewis Gilbert | $111.600.000 | $9.500.000 | $720.388.023 |
| **6** | *On Her Majesty's Secret Service* | 1969 | George Lazenby | Peter R. Hunt | $87.400.000 | $7.000.000 | $513.445.231 |
| **7** | *Diamonds Are Forever* | 1971 | Sean Connery | Guy Hamilton | $116.000.000 | $7.200.000 | $617.520.987 |
| **8** | *Live and Let Die* | 1973 | Roger Moore | $161.800.000 | $12.000.000 | $785.677.477 |
| **9** | *The Man with the Golden Gun* | 1974 | $97.600.000 | $13.000.000 | $426.826.774 |
| **10** | *The Spy Who Loved Me* | 1977 | Lewis Gilbert | $187.300.000 | $28.000.000 | $666.367.656 |
| **11** | *Moonraker* | 1979 | $210.300.000 | $34.000.000 | $624.527.272 |
| **12** | *For Your Eyes Only* | 1981 | John Glen | $202.800.000 | $28.000.000 | $481.005.579 |
| **13** | *Octopussy* | 1983 | $187.500.000 | $27.500.000 | $405.873.493 |
| **14** | *A View to a Kill* | 1985 | $157.800.000 | $30.000.000 | $316.186.616 |
| **15** | *The Living Daylights* | 1987 | Timothy Dalton | $191.200.000 | $40.000.000 | $362.876.056 |
| **16** | *Licence to Kill* | 1989 | $156.200.000 | $42.000.000 | $271.586.451 |
| **17** | *GoldenEye* | 1995 | Pierce Brosnan | Martin Campbell | $353.400.000 | $60.000.000 | $499.954.330 |
| **18** | *Tomorrow Never Dies* | 1997 | Roger Spottiswoode | $346.600.000 | $110.000.000 | $465.588.535 |
| **19** | *The World Is Not Enough* | 1999 | Michael Apted | $390.000.000 | $135.000.000 | $504.705.882 |
| **20** | *Die Another Day* | 2002 | Lee Tamahori | $456.000.000 | $142.000.000 | $546.490.272 |
| **21** | *Casino Royale* | 2006 | Daniel Craig | Martin Campbell | $599.200.000 | $150.000.000 | $640.803.677 |
| **22** | *Quantum of Solace* | 2008 | Marc Forster | $515.588.687 | $230.000.000 | $515.588.687 |
| **Total** | Film 1-22 |  |  |  | **$4.739.157.447** | **$1.123.000.000** | **$11.615.711.960** |

\* *Data kaping 6 Mei 2007 (sumber - commanderbond.net Archived 2009-05-19 di Wayback Machine).*

\*\* *Data ngarujuk kana kurs dollar taun 2008, tepatna kaping 24 Maret 2008, sumber dari Consumer Price Index.*

\*\*\* *Semua data dina Dollar AS*

### Sanes EON-Productions

Salain produksi éoN, aya ogé sababarahiji carita James Bond dina bentuk sandiwara radio, film TV sareng film layar lebar nu dijieun ku produser lain.

| taun | Judul | Type | Aktor | Total Box Office | Anggaran | Penyesuaian Inflasi Total Box Office\*\* |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1954 | *Casino Royale* | Episode TV | Barry Nelson | n/a | $25.000 | n/a |
| 1956 | *Moonraker* | Radio | Bob Holness | n/a |  | n/a |
| 1967 | *Casino Royale* | Film | David Niven | $44.400.000 | $12.000.000 | $286.605.987 |
| 1983 | *Never Say Never Again* | Film | Sean Connery | $160.000.000 | $36.000.000 | $346.345.380 |
| 1990 | *You Only Live Twice* | Radio | Michael Jayston | n/a |  | n/a |
| 1991 | *James Bond Jr.* | Serial kartun TV | Corey Burton | n/a |  | n/a |
| 2008 | *Dr. No* | Radio | Toby Stephens | n/a |  | n/a |
| **Total** |  |  |  | **$204.400.000** | **$48.000.000** | **$602.860.000** |

## Aktor

### Produksi resmi EON

* Sean Connery (1962-1967; 1971) – genep film
* George Lazenby (1969) – hiji film
* Roger Moore (1973-1985) – tujuh film
* Timothy Dalton (1987-1989) – dua film
* Pierce Brosnan (1995-2002) – opat film
* Daniel Craig (2006-…) – sampai kiwari kakarek dua film

### Produksi non-resmi

* Barry Nelson - 1954
* Bob Holness - 1956
* David Niven - 1967
* Sean Connery - 1983
* Michael Jayston - 1990
* Corey Burton - 1991
* Toby Stephens – 2008

## Catatan kaki

## Tumbu kaluar

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Portal Portal Portal Portal |

Website resmi
* **(en)**Situs resmi James Bond
* **(en)**Pusat penerbitan novel Ian Fleming Archived 2017-06-13 di Wayback Machine
* **(en)**Situs resmi Young Bond
* **(en)**Pinewood Studios – rumah dari James Bond Archived 2011-01-28 di Wayback Machine
* **(en)**Website resmi Pinewood Studios Albert R. Broccoli 007 Stage Archived 2011-09-30 di Wayback Machine
* **(en)**Ian Fleming's 'Red Indians' - 30AU - Literatur James Bond Wartime unit

Website non-resmi
* **(en)**007James – Situsnya Mr. Bond, James Bond
* **(en)**MI6 – Rumah dari James Bond Archived 2008-09-06 di Wayback Machine