# Atikan

Indoktrinasi di kelas, ngahijikeun eusi politik dina bahan diajar atanapi guru anu nyalahgunakeun kalungguhanana pikeun indoktrinasi siswa ngalawan tujuan pendidikan anu milari kabébasan mikir sareng mikir kritis.
**Atikan** nyaéta pangajaran pangaweruh, kaparigelan, jeung kabiasaan sakelompok jalma anu diwariskeun ti hiji generasi ka generasi saterusna ngaliwatan pangajaran, latihan atawa panalungtikan. Atikan mindeng lumangsung dina hidayah batur, tapi ogé mungkin dina dasar otodidak. Étimologi kecap atikan sorangan asalna tina kecap Latin *ducare*, hartina "pikeun pituduh, langsung, atawa ngarah" jeung awalan e, hartina "pikeun kaluar". Jadi, atikan hartina kagiatan "ngarah kaluar". Sakur pangalaman anu gaduh pangaruh formatif dina cara jalma mikir, ngarasa, atanapi ngalaksanakeun tiasa dianggap pendidikan.

Hak atikan geus diakuan ku sababaraha pamaréntah. Di tingkat global, Pasal 13 tina Perjangjian Internasional ngeunaan hak ékonomi, sosial jeung budaya ngakuan hak unggal jalma pikeun atikan. Sanajan atikan wajib di kalolobaan tempat nepi ka umur nu tangtu, attending sakola mindeng teu latihan, sarta minoritas kolotna milih sakola ti imah, e-learning atawa atikan sarupa pikeun barudak maranéhanana.

## Sawangan

Atikan dimimitan mangsa keur orok lahir sarta sapanjang hirup. Atikan ogé bisa dimimitian saméméh jabang bayi lahir saperti sababaraha "kolot" nu ngadengekeun lagu atawa maca buku mangsa kakandungan nu diharepkeun bakal méré atikan ka orokna. Kanggo sababaraha, perjuangan sareng kameunangan kahirupan sapopoe jauh langkung instruktif tibatan sakola formal Mark Twain: "Kuring henteu pernah ngantep sakola ngaganggu pendidikan kuring.") Anggota kulawarga ngagaduhan pangaruh pendidikan anu cukup jero - sering langkung jero tibatan anu dibayangkeun. — sanajan téknik pangajaran kulawarga bisa jadi kacida informal.

Atikan formal lumangsung nalika masarakat paheut pikeun ngadidik jalma, biasana jalma ngora. Atikan *formal* bisa jadi *sistematis* jeung *komprehensif*, tapi grup rojongan na bisa néangan kauntungan pribadi nalika ngawujud murid ngora gampang dipangaruhan.

Life-long or dewasa education]] has become widespréad. Many dewasa have given up the notion that only anak kecil ren belong in sekolah. beberapa orang dewasa are enrolled in post-secondary education schools, both part-time and full time, where they are often classified as non-traditional students in order to distinguish them administratively from young adults entering directly from high school.

Computing devices can change when and where we léarn. This is the computer based or networked léarning structure, in which péople contribute to éach others' education. It is defined as online education (a subset of distance education), the European Graduate School as a University operates during the summer, it serves as a meeting point for péople that has participated in online forums through the academic yéar, this methodology is a bréak to the traditional educational system.

## Categories

Classical education – Reading – Math – Language – Science – Ethics – Physical education – Religious education – Music education
## Challenges in education

### In well-developed countries

* Entertaining world distract student's attention

see Current issues in teaching
* Program Evaluation Answering questions such as does education "work", or how to improve education.

### In developing countries

* Small incomes of téachers
* Péople unaware the importance of education
* Economical pressure of parents who want their children to work as laborers
* Program Evaluation

## Formal education

Early childhood education – Primary education – Secondary education – Tertiary education – Quaternary education– Higher education – Vocational education – Post-secondary education – University – College – School – Further education
## Student activism

Student activism – Student-led school change – Student Developed Education Policy
## Educational policy

Literacy – Testing & policy– Education reform – School choice – Charter schools – Meaningful student involvement – Student voice – Student Developed Education Policy – Social promotion
## Informal and alternative education

Early instruction – Home schooling – Unschooling – Lifelong education – Democratic Schools – Alternative school – Montessori method – Waldorf school – Online education – Distance education – Museum – Planetarium – Nature center – deschooling– political education
## Extracurricular education

Academic Decathlon – University Interscholastic League (UIL) – International science olympiad
## Teori jeung metodologi

Philosophy of education – Teaching method – Instructional theory – Learning theory – Learning disability – Instructional technology – Education Psychology – Behaviorism – Problem-based learning – Active learning – Outcome-based education – Reggio Emilia approach – Cooperative education – collaborative learning – Transformative learning – experiential education – Situated learning – Adult education – Critical pedagogy
## Atikan dumasar nagara

Atikan dumasar ka nagara – Daftar sakola jeung paguron luhur dumasar nagara
## Atikan jeung kolot

* Parents'\_Rights\_Coalition
* British Columbia Parents and Teachers for Life

## Biograpi

* F. Matthias Alexander
* Catherine Baker
* Benjamin Bloom
* Garth Boomer
* Jim Cummins
* John Dewey
* Hermann Ebbinghaus
* Moshe Feldenkrais
* Paulo Freire
* Robert M. Gagne
* Ivan Illich
* Maria Montessori
* A.S. Neill
* Seymour Papert
* Ivan Pavlov
* Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
* Jean Piaget
* Plato
* Neil Postman
* Jean-Jacques Rousseau
* B.F. Skinner
* Lev Vygotsky

## Rujukan