# Kana

*Kanggo hartos sanes Kana, tempo Kana (disambiguasi).*
**Kana** nyaéta watesan umum keur skrip syllabic Basa Jepang hiragana (ひらがな) jeung katakana (カタカナ), dina sistim heubeul disebutna manyogana. Kana diwangun salaku pilihan jeung tambahan tina karakter *logographic* Basa Cina nu di Jepang disebut Kanji (漢字; diucapkeun dina Basa Cina "hanzi").

## Hiragana jeung Katakana

**Tabel Basa Jepang kana**
Hiragana jeung katakana (grouped vertically).
Syllables in parentheses are archaic. (Image of this table.)| vowel | k | s | t | n | h | m | y | r | w | n |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| あア | かカ | さサ | たタ | なナ | はハ | まマ | やヤ | らラ | わワ | んン |
| a | ka | sa | ta | na | ha | ma | ya | ra | wa | n |
| いイ | きキ | しシ | ちチ | にニ | ひヒ | みミ |  | りリ | ゐヰ |  |
| i | ki | shi | chi | ni | hi | mi | \* | ri | (wi) |  |
| うウ | くク | すス | つツ | ぬヌ | ふフ | むム | ゆユ | るル |  |  |
| u | ku | su | tsu | nu | fu | mu | yu | ru | \* |  |
| えエ | けケ | せセ | てテ | ねネ | へヘ | めメ |  | れレ | ゑヱ |  |
| e | ke | se | te | ne | he | me | \* | re | (we) |  |
| おオ | こコ | そソ | とト | のノ | ほホ | もモ | よヨ | ろロ | をヲ |  |
| o | ko | so | to | no | ho | mo | yo | ro | (w)o |  |

\*Basa Jepang teu ngabogaan sarta teu pernah make kana keur sora *ye*, *yi* atawa *wu*.
## Pamakean kiwari

Hiragana ilahar dipaké keur nembongkeun aspek grmatikal dina basa. dipaké ogé keur ngagambarkeun kecap asupan (ilaharna dina Basa Jepang, tinimbang tina Basa Cina asli) dina kanji. Tempo artikel ngeunaan hiragana keur leuwih jelas.

Kiwari katakana leuwih ilahar ngan dipaké keur nulis kecap nu asalna tina basa asing tur teu mibanda kanji. Conotona, "George W. Bush" bisa ditulis ジョージ・W.・ブッシュ. Katakana dipaké ogé keur efek sora, watesan biologi jeung sababaraha merk. Tempo artikel katakana keur leuwih jelas.

Kana bisa ditulis maké hurup leutik luhureun atawa katuhueun kanji nu kurang dipikawanoh keur nembongkeun cara macana; ieu disebut furigana. Furigana ilahar dipaké dina buku barudak. Literatur keur barudak leutik nu can apal kanji ditulis babarenan tur maké kombinasi hiragana keur gagantina.

## Sajarah kana

Boh hiragana jeung katakana diwangun tina sistim kana heubeul nyaéta man'yōgana, salah sahiji karakter fonetik maké kanji. Man'yōshū, sajak antologi heubeul ditulis dina taun 759, nu ditulis maké skrip heubeul.

Kana sacara tradisional geus dipaké ku Buddhist priest Kūkai dina abad ka-9. Kūkai mawa skrip Siddham basa mulang ti China dina taun 806; manéhna miresep kana ucapan jeung tulisan nu nyabakeun manéhna nyieun kasimpulan yén Basa Jepang leuwih hadé digambarkeun ku alfabet fonetik tinimbang kanji nu geus ilahar dipaké.

## Susunan

Kana dasar keur susunan dina Basa Jepang. Ieu dipaké dina susunan *gojūon* (あ い う え お … わ を ん), ogé susunan iroha nu dipaké keur nomer-nomer dina sababaraha aturan. Beda dina kamus nyaéta dina susunan bagéan keur ngabedakeun panjang/pondokna sora, *tsu* leutik jeung diacritik. Sakabéh Basa Jepang teu maké kecap lolongkrang (iwal ti keur barudak), taya susunan kecap ka kecap nu aya kana ka kana.

## Kana dina Unicode

Hiragana dina Unicode antara U+3040 ... U+309F, sarta Katakana antara U+30A0 ... U+30FF. Karakter nu jarang (WI jeung WE) ogé mibanda kode sorangan, iwal keur ''hentaigana'', sabab hentaigana dianggap varisi glyph tina kana nu umum.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 304x |  |  | ぁ | あ | ぃ | い | ぅ | う | ぇ | え | ぉ | お | か | が | き | ぎ | く |
| 305x |  | ぐ | け | げ | こ | ご | さ | ざ | し | じ | す | ず | せ | ぜ | そ | ぞ | た |
| 306x |  | だ | ち | ぢ | っ | つ | づ | て | で | と | ど | な | に | ぬ | ね | の | は |
| 307x |  | ば | ぱ | ひ | び | ぴ | ふ | ぶ | ぷ | へ | べ | ぺ | ほ | ぼ | ぽ | ま | み |
| 308x |  | む | め | も | ゃ | や | ゅ | ゆ | ょ | よ | ら | り | る | れ | ろ | ゎ | わ |
| 309x |  | ゐ | ゑ | を | ん | ゔ | ゕ | ゖ |  |  | ゙ | ゚ | ゛ | ゜ | ゝ | ゞ | ゟ |
| 30Ax |  | ゠ | ァ | ア | ィ | イ | ゥ | ウ | ェ | エ | ォ | オ | カ | ガ | キ | ギ | ク |
| 30Bx |  | グ | ケ | ゲ | コ | ゴ | サ | ザ | シ | ジ | ス | ズ | セ | ゼ | ソ | ゾ | タ |
| 30Cx |  | ダ | チ | ヂ | ッ | ツ | ヅ | テ | デ | ト | ド | ナ | ニ | ヌ | ネ | ノ | ハ |
| 30Dx |  | バ | パ | ヒ | ビ | ピ | フ | ブ | プ | ヘ | ベ | ペ | ホ | ボ | ポ | マ | ミ |
| 30Ex |  | ム | メ | モ | ャ | ヤ | ュ | ユ | ョ | ヨ | ラ | リ | ル | レ | ロ | ヮ | ワ |
| 30Fx |  | ヰ | ヱ | ヲ | ン | ヴ | ヵ | ヶ | ヷ | ヸ | ヹ | ヺ | ・ | ー | ヽ | ヾ | ヿ |

Titik kode U+3040, U+3097, sarta U+3098 teu dipaké dina Unicode 4.1. Karakter U+3095 jeung U+3096 nyaéta hiragana leutik ka jeung ke. U+30F5 jeung U+30F6 sarua keur katakana. Karakter U+3099 jeung U+309A kombinasi dakuten jeung handakuten, nu pakait kana spasi karakter U+309B jeung U+309C. U+309D nyaéta tanda ulang hiragana , dipaké keur ulangan hiragana saméméhna. U+309E sora tanda ulang hiragana, keur nyingket hiragana saméméhna tapi sora konsonan (k jadi g, h jadi b, jeung saterusna). U+30FD jeung U+30FE tanda ulang katakana. U+309F iketan "yori" (より) kadang kala dipaké dina tulisan nangtung. U+30FF iketan "koto" (コト), ogé dina tulisan nangtung.

Tambahan, aya satengah rubak sarua jeung rubak pinuh katakana. Ieu code dina kode blok satengah jeung pinuh (U+FF00–U+FFEF), mimiti U+FF65 nepika U+FF9F (karakter U+FF61–U+FF64 tanda *halfwidth punctuation*):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  |  | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| FF60 |  |  | ｡ | ｢ | ｣ | ､ | ･ | ｦ | ｧ | ｨ | ｩ | ｪ | ｫ | ｬ | ｭ | ｮ | ｯ |
| FF70 |  | ｰ | ｱ | ｲ | ｳ | ｴ | ｵ | ｶ | ｷ | ｸ | ｹ | ｺ | ｻ | ｼ | ｽ | ｾ | ｿ |
| FF80 |  | ﾀ | ﾁ | ﾂ | ﾃ | ﾄ | ﾅ | ﾆ | ﾇ | ﾈ | ﾉ | ﾊ | ﾋ | ﾌ | ﾍ | ﾎ | ﾏ |
| FF90 |  | ﾐ | ﾑ | ﾒ | ﾓ | ﾔ | ﾕ | ﾖ | ﾗ | ﾘ | ﾙ | ﾚ | ﾛ | ﾜ | ﾝ | ﾞ | ﾟ |

Aya ogé "Katakana Phonetic Extensions" leutik antara (U+31F0 ... U+31FF), karakter nu dipaké keur nulis dina Basa Ainu.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|   |   | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| 31F0 |   | ㇰ | ㇱ | ㇲ | ㇳ | ㇴ | ㇵ | ㇶ | ㇷ | ㇸ | ㇹ | ㇺ | ㇻ | ㇼ | ㇽ | ㇾ | ㇿ |
|   |   | ｸ | ｼ | ｽ | ﾄ | ﾇ | ﾊ | ﾋ | ﾌ | ﾍ | ﾎ | ﾑ | ﾗ | ﾘ | ﾙ | ﾚ | ﾛ |

## Tempo oge:

* Romaji
* Transliteration and Transcription
* Historical kana usage

## Tumbu kaluar

* Practice hiragana and katakana using different typefaces
* Change Kanji into Romaji and Hiragana Archived 2007-01-02 di Wayback Machine
* Kana web translator Archived 2006-07-19 di Wayback Machine - Transliterate Kana to Rōmaji
* Converts Romaji to Kana, Hepburn System Archived 2013-01-27 di Wayback Machine
* Learn hiragana and katakana playfully Archived 2006-08-29 di Wayback Machine
* Kana peisātun laiskas (PDF)