# Unicode

**Unicode** nyaéta hiji standar industri nu dirancang keur ngizinkeun teks jeung simbol ti kabéh sistem tulisan di dunia keur ditampilkeun jeung dimanipulasi sacara konsisten ku komputer. Dimekarkeun sacara tandem jeung standar Universal Character Set sarta dipublikasikan dina bentuk buku *The Unicode Standard*. Unicode. . ,
. . .. ngandung hiji kumpulan karakter, hiji metodologi pengkodean jeung kumpul, . . . ,an standar penyandian karakter, hiji kumpulan bagan kode keur referensi visual, deskripsi sipat karakter contona huruf gedé jeung huruf leutik, hiji kumpulan data referensi berkas komputer, sarta aturan normalisasi, dekomposisi, pambandingan (*collation*), sarta panggambaran (*rendering*).

Unicode Consortium, hiji organisasi nirlaba nu ngoordinasikeun pamekaran Unicode ngabogaan tujuan ambisius keur meunang, dina tungtungna, ngagantikeun skéma pangkodéan karakter nu aya maké Unicode jeung skéma Unicode Transformation Format (UTF) na, sabab loba skéma nu aya kiwari ngabogaan katerbatasan ukuran jeung lingkup sarta teu sarasi jeung lingkungan multibahasa. Kasuksésan Unicode ngahijikeun sét karakter geus bawa dina panggunaanna nu luas jeung pradominan dina internasionalisasi jeung lokalisasi parangkat lunak komputer. Standar ieu geus diterapkeun dina téknologi-téknologi kiwari, kaasup XML, basa pamrograman Java, jeung sistem operasi modérn.

## Aksara Nusantara di jero Unicode

Aksara-aksara Nusantara nu geus ngabogaan bakuan Unicode nyaéta:

* aksara Bugis (lontara), Unicode Versi 4.1
* Aksara Bali, Unicode Versi 5.0
* Aksara Sunda Kaganga, Unicode Versi 5.1
* Rejang, Unicode Versi 5.1
* Aksara Jawa (modérn dan kawi), Unicode Versi 5.2
* Aksara Batak, Unicode Versi 6.0

## Tabel Unicode dina Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP)

| U+ | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0040 | @ | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O |
| 0050 | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ | \ | ] | ^ | \_ |
| 0060 | ` | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o |
| 0070 | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z | { | | | } | ~ | DEL |
| 00C0 | À | Á | Â | Ã | Ä | Å | Æ | Ç | È | É | Ê | Ë | Ì | Í | Î | Ï |
| 00D0 | Ð | Ñ | Ò | Ó | Ô | Õ | Ö | × | Ø | Ù | Ú | Û | Ü | Ý | Þ | ß |
| 00E0 | à | á | â | ã | ä | å | æ | ç | é | é | ê | ë | ì | í | î | ï |
| 00F0 | ð | ñ | ò | ó | ô | õ | ö | ÷ | ø | ù | ú | û | ü | ý | þ | ÿ |
| 0100 | Ā | ā | Ă | ă | Ą | ą | Ć | ć | Ĉ | ĉ | Ċ | ċ | Č | č | Ď | ď |
| 0110 | Đ | đ | Ē | ē | Ĕ | ĕ | Ė | ė | Ę | ę | Ě | ě | Ĝ | ĝ | Ğ | ğ |
| 0120 | Ġ | ġ | Ģ | ģ | Ĥ | ĥ | Ħ | ħ | Ĩ | ĩ | Ī | ī | Ĭ | ĭ | Į | į |
| 0130 | İ | ı | Ĳ | ĳ | Ĵ | ĵ | Ķ | ķ | ĸ | Ĺ | ĺ | Ļ | ļ | Ľ | ľ | Ŀ |
| 0140 | ŀ | Ł | ł | Ń | ń | Ņ | ņ | Ň | ň | ŉ | Ŋ | ŋ | Ō | ō | Ŏ | ŏ |
| 0150 | Ő | ő | Œ | œ | Ŕ | ŕ | Ŗ | ŗ | Ř | ř | Ś | ś | Ŝ | ŝ | Ş | ş |
| 0160 | Š | š | Ţ | ţ | Ť | ť | Ŧ | ŧ | Ũ | ũ | Ū | ū | Ŭ | ŭ | Ů | ů |
| 0170 | Ű | ű | Ų | ų | Ŵ | ŵ | Ŷ | ŷ | Ÿ | Ź | ź | Ż | ż | Ž | ž | ſ |
| 0180 | ƀ | Ɓ | Ƃ | ƃ | Ƅ | ƅ | Ɔ | Ƈ | ƈ | Ɖ | Ɗ | Ƌ | ƌ | ƍ | Ǝ | Ə |
| 0190 | Ɛ | Ƒ | ƒ | Ɠ | Ɣ | ƕ | Ɩ | Ɨ | Ƙ | ƙ | ƚ | ƛ | Ɯ | Ɲ | ƞ | Ɵ |
| 01A0 | Ơ | ơ | Ƣ | ƣ | Ƥ | ƥ | Ʀ | Ƨ | ƨ | Ʃ | ƪ | ƫ | Ƭ | ƭ | Ʈ | Ư |
| 01B0 | ư | Ʊ | Ʋ | Ƴ | ƴ | Ƶ | ƶ | Ʒ | Ƹ | ƹ | ƺ | ƻ | Ƽ | ƽ | ƾ | ƿ |
| 01C0 | ǀ | ǁ | ǂ | ǃ | Ǆ | ǅ | ǆ | Ǉ | ǈ | ǉ | Ǌ | ǋ | ǌ | Ǎ | ǎ | Ǐ |
| 01D0 | ǐ | Ǒ | ǒ | Ǔ | ǔ | Ǖ | ǖ | Ǘ | ǘ | Ǚ | ǚ | Ǜ | ǜ | ǝ | Ǟ | ǟ |
| 01E0 | Ǡ | ǡ | Ǣ | ǣ | Ǥ | ǥ | Ǧ | ǧ | Ǩ | ǩ | Ǫ | ǫ | Ǭ | ǭ | Ǯ | ǯ |
| 01F0 | ǰ | Ǳ | ǲ | ǳ | Ǵ | ǵ | Ƕ | Ƿ | Ǹ | ǹ | Ǻ | ǻ | Ǽ | ǽ | Ǿ | ǿ |
| 0200 | Ȁ | ȁ | Ȃ | ȃ | Ȅ | ȅ | Ȇ | ȇ | Ȉ | ȉ | Ȋ | ȋ | Ȍ | ȍ | Ȏ | ȏ |
| 0210 | Ȑ | ȑ | Ȓ | ȓ | Ȕ | ȕ | Ȗ | ȗ | Ș | ș | Ț | ț | Ȝ | ȝ | Ȟ | ȟ |
| 0220 | Ƞ | ȡ | Ȣ | ȣ | Ȥ | ȥ | Ȧ | ȧ | Ȩ | ȩ | Ȫ | ȫ | Ȭ | ȭ | Ȯ | ȯ |
| 0230 | Ȱ | ȱ | Ȳ | ȳ | ȴ | ȵ | ȶ | ȷ | ȸ | ȹ | Ⱥ | Ȼ | ȼ | Ƚ | Ⱦ | ȿ |
| 0240 | ɀ | Ɂ | ɂ | Ƀ | Ʉ | Ʌ | Ɇ | ɇ | Ɉ | ɉ | Ɋ | ɋ | Ɍ | ɍ | Ɏ | ɏ |
| 0250 | ɐ | ɑ | ɒ | ɓ | ɔ | ɕ | ɖ | ɗ | ɘ | ə | ɚ | ɛ | ɜ | ɝ | ɞ | ɟ |
| 0260 | ɠ | ɡ | ɢ | ɣ | ɤ | ɥ | ɦ | ɧ | ɨ | ɩ | ɪ | ɫ | ɬ | ɭ | ɮ | ɯ |
| 0270 | ɰ | ɱ | ɲ | ɳ | ɴ | ɵ | ɶ | ɷ | ɸ | ɹ | ɺ | ɻ | ɼ | ɽ | ɾ | ɿ |
| 0280 | ʀ | ʁ | ʂ | ʃ | ʄ | ʅ | ʆ | ʇ | ʈ | ʉ | ʊ | ʋ | ʌ | ʍ | ʎ | ʏ |
| 0290 | ʐ | ʑ | ʒ | ʓ | ʔ | ʕ | ʖ | ʗ | ʘ | ʙ | ʚ | ʛ | ʜ | ʝ | ʞ | ʟ |
| 02A0 | ʠ | ʡ | ʢ | ʣ | ʤ | ʥ | ʦ | ʧ | ʨ | ʩ | ʪ | ʫ | ʬ | ʭ | ʮ | ʯ |
| 1D00 | ᴀ | ᴁ | ᴂ | ᴃ | ᴄ | ᴅ | ᴆ | ᴇ | ᴈ | ᴉ | ᴊ | ᴋ | ᴌ | ᴍ | ᴎ | ᴏ |
| 1D10 | ᴐ | ᴑ | ᴒ | ᴓ | ᴔ | ᴕ | ᴖ | ᴗ | ᴘ | ᴙ | ᴚ | ᴛ | ᴜ | ᴝ | ᴞ | ᴟ |
| 1D20 | ᴠ | ᴡ | ᴢ | ᴣ | ᴤ | ᴥ | ᴦ | ᴧ | ᴨ | ᴩ | ᴪ | ᴫ | ᴬ | ᴭ | ᴮ | ᴯ |
| 1D30 | ᴰ | ᴱ | ᴲ | ᴳ | ᴴ | ᴵ | ᴶ | ᴷ | ᴸ | ᴹ | ᴺ | ᴻ | ᴼ | ᴽ | ᴾ | ᴿ |
| 1D40 | ᵀ | ᵁ | ᵂ | ᵃ | ᵄ | ᵅ | ᵆ | ᵇ | ᵈ | ᵉ | ᵊ | ᵋ | ᵌ | ᵍ | ᵎ | ᵏ |
| 1D50 | ᵐ | ᵑ | ᵒ | ᵓ | ᵔ | ᵕ | ᵖ | ᵗ | ᵘ | ᵙ | ᵚ | ᵛ | ᵜ | ᵝ | ᵞ | ᵟ |
| 1D60 | ᵠ | ᵡ | ᵢ | ᵣ | ᵤ | ᵥ | ᵦ | ᵧ | ᵨ | ᵩ | ᵪ | ᵫ | ᵬ | ᵭ | ᵮ | ᵯ |
| 1D70 | ᵰ | ᵱ | ᵲ | ᵳ | ᵴ | ᵵ | ᵶ | ᵷ | ᵸ | ᵹ | ᵺ | ᵻ | ᵼ | ᵽ | ᵾ | ᵿ |
| 1D80 | ᶀ | ᶁ | ᶂ | ᶃ | ᶄ | ᶅ | ᶆ | ᶇ | ᶈ | ᶉ | ᶊ | ᶋ | ᶌ | ᶍ | ᶎ | ᶏ |
| 1D90 | ᶐ | ᶑ | ᶒ | ᶓ | ᶔ | ᶕ | ᶖ | ᶗ | ᶘ | ᶙ | ᶚ | ᶛ | ᶜ | ᶝ | ᶞ | ᶟ |
| 1DA0 | ᶠ | ᶡ | ᶢ | ᶣ | ᶤ | ᶥ | ᶦ | ᶧ | ᶨ | ᶩ | ᶪ | ᶫ | ᶬ | ᶭ | ᶮ | ᶯ |
| 1DB0 | ᶰ | ᶱ | ᶲ | ᶳ | ᶴ | ᶵ | ᶶ | ᶷ | ᶸ | ᶹ | ᶺ | ᶻ | ᶼ | ᶽ | ᶾ | ᶿ |
| 1E00 | Ḁ | ḁ | Ḃ | ḃ | Ḅ | ḅ | Ḇ | ḇ | Ḉ | ḉ | Ḋ | ḋ | Ḍ | ḍ | Ḏ | ḏ |
| 1E10 | Ḑ | ḑ | Ḓ | ḓ | Ḕ | ḕ | Ḗ | ḗ | Ḙ | ḙ | Ḛ | ḛ | Ḝ | ḝ | Ḟ | ḟ |
| 1E20 | Ḡ | ḡ | Ḣ | ḣ | Ḥ | ḥ | Ḧ | ḧ | Ḩ | ḩ | Ḫ | ḫ | Ḭ | ḭ | Ḯ | ḯ |
| 1E30 | Ḱ | ḱ | Ḳ | ḳ | Ḵ | ḵ | Ḷ | ḷ | Ḹ | ḹ | Ḻ | ḻ | Ḽ | ḽ | Ḿ | ḿ |
| 1E40 | Ṁ | ṁ | Ṃ | ṃ | Ṅ | ṅ | Ṇ | ṇ | Ṉ | ṉ | Ṋ | ṋ | Ṍ | ṍ | Ṏ | ṏ |
| 1E50 | Ṑ | ṑ | Ṓ | ṓ | Ṕ | ṕ | Ṗ | ṗ | Ṙ | ṙ | Ṛ | ṛ | Ṝ | ṝ | Ṟ | ṟ |
| 1E60 | Ṡ | ṡ | Ṣ | ṣ | Ṥ | ṥ | Ṧ | ṧ | Ṩ | ṩ | Ṫ | ṫ | Ṭ | ṭ | Ṯ | ṯ |
| 1E70 | Ṱ | ṱ | Ṳ | ṳ | Ṵ | ṵ | Ṷ | ṷ | Ṹ | ṹ | Ṻ | ṻ | Ṽ | ṽ | Ṿ | ṿ |
| 1E80 | Ẁ | ẁ | Ẃ | ẃ | Ẅ | ẅ | Ẇ | ẇ | Ẉ | ẉ | Ẋ | ẋ | Ẍ | ẍ | Ẏ | ẏ |
| 1E90 | Ẑ | ẑ | Ẓ | ẓ | Ẕ | ẕ | ẖ | ẗ | ẘ | ẙ | ẚ | ẛ | ẜ | ẝ | ẞ | ẟ |
| 1éa0 | Ạ | ạ | Ả | ả | Ấ | ấ | Ầ | ầ | Ẩ | ẩ | Ẫ | ẫ | Ậ | ậ | Ắ | ắ |
| 1EB0 | Ằ | ằ | Ẳ | ẳ | Ẵ | ẵ | Ặ | ặ | Ẹ | ẹ | Ẻ | ẻ | Ẽ | ẽ | Ế | ế |
| 1EC0 | Ề | ề | Ể | ể | Ễ | ễ | Ệ | ệ | Ỉ | ỉ | Ị | ị | Ọ | ọ | Ỏ | ỏ |
| 1ED0 | Ố | ố | Ồ | ồ | Ổ | ổ | Ỗ | ỗ | Ộ | ộ | Ớ | ớ | Ờ | ờ | Ở | ở |
| 1EE0 | Ỡ | ỡ | Ợ | ợ | Ụ | ụ | Ủ | ủ | Ứ | ứ | Ừ | ừ | Ử | ử | Ữ | ữ |
| 1EF0 | Ự | ự | Ỳ | ỳ | Ỵ | ỵ | Ỷ | ỷ | Ỹ | ỹ | Ỻ | ỻ | Ỽ | ỽ | Ỿ | ỿ |
| 2100 | ℀ | ℁ | ℂ | ℃ | ℄ | ℅ | ℆ | ℇ | ℈ | ℉ | ℊ | ℋ | ℌ | ℍ | ℎ | ℏ |
| 2110 | ℐ | ℑ | ℒ | ℓ | ℔ | ℕ | № | ℗ | ℘ | ℙ | ℚ | ℛ | ℜ | ℝ | ℞ | ℟ |
| 2120 | ℠ | ℡ | ™ | ℣ | ℤ | ℥ | Ω | ℧ | ℨ | ℩ | K | Å | ℬ | ℭ | ℮ | ℯ |
| 2130 | ℰ | ℱ | Ⅎ | ℳ | ℴ | ℵ | ℶ | ℷ | ℸ | ℹ | ℺ | ℻ | ℼ | ℽ | ℾ | ℿ |
| 2140 | ⅀ | ⅁ | ⅂ | ⅃ | ⅄ | ⅅ | ⅆ | ⅇ | ⅈ | ⅉ | ⅊ | ⅋ | ⅌ | ⅍ | ⅎ | ⅏ |
| 2490 | ⒐ | ⒑ | ⒒ | ⒓ | ⒔ | ⒕ | ⒖ | ⒗ | ⒘ | ⒙ | ⒚ | ⒛ | ⒜ | ⒝ | ⒞ | ⒟ |
| 24A0 | ⒠ | ⒡ | ⒢ | ⒣ | ⒤ | ⒥ | ⒦ | ⒧ | ⒨ | ⒩ | ⒪ | ⒫ | ⒬ | ⒭ | ⒮ | ⒯ |
| 24B0 | ⒰ | ⒱ | ⒲ | ⒳ | ⒴ | ⒵ | Ⓐ | Ⓑ | Ⓒ | Ⓓ | Ⓔ | Ⓕ | Ⓖ | Ⓗ | Ⓘ | Ⓙ |
| 24C0 | Ⓚ | Ⓛ | Ⓜ | Ⓝ | Ⓞ | Ⓟ | Ⓠ | Ⓡ | Ⓢ | Ⓣ | Ⓤ | Ⓥ | Ⓦ | Ⓧ | Ⓨ | Ⓩ |
| 24D0 | ⓐ | ⓑ | ⓒ | ⓓ | ⓔ | ⓕ | ⓖ | ⓗ | ⓘ | ⓙ | ⓚ | ⓛ | ⓜ | ⓝ | ⓞ | ⓟ |
| 24E0 | ⓠ | ⓡ | ⓢ | ⓣ | ⓤ | ⓥ | ⓦ | ⓧ | ⓨ | ⓩ | ⓪ | ⓫ | ⓬ | ⓭ | ⓮ | ⓯ |
| 2C60 | Ⱡ | ⱡ | Ɫ | Ᵽ | Ɽ | ⱥ | ⱦ | Ⱨ | ⱨ | Ⱪ | ⱪ | Ⱬ | ⱬ | Ɑ | Ɱ | Ɐ |
| 2C70 |   | ⱱ | Ⱳ | ⱳ | ⱴ | Ⱶ | ⱶ | ⱷ | ⱸ | ⱹ | ⱺ | ⱻ | ⱼ | ⱽ |   |   |
| A720 | ꜠ | ꜡ | Ꜣ | ꜣ | Ꜥ | ꜥ | Ꜧ | ꜧ | Ꜩ | ꜩ | Ꜫ | ꜫ | Ꜭ | ꜭ | Ꜯ | ꜯ |
| A730 | ꜰ | ꜱ | Ꜳ | ꜳ | Ꜵ | ꜵ | Ꜷ | ꜷ | Ꜹ | ꜹ | Ꜻ | ꜻ | Ꜽ | ꜽ | Ꜿ | ꜿ |
| A740 | Ꝁ | ꝁ | Ꝃ | ꝃ | Ꝅ | ꝅ | Ꝇ | ꝇ | Ꝉ | ꝉ | Ꝋ | ꝋ | Ꝍ | ꝍ | Ꝏ | ꝏ |
| A750 | Ꝑ | ꝑ | Ꝓ | ꝓ | Ꝕ | ꝕ | Ꝗ | ꝗ | Ꝙ | ꝙ | Ꝛ | ꝛ | Ꝝ | ꝝ | Ꝟ | ꝟ |
| A760 | Ꝡ | ꝡ | Ꝣ | ꝣ | Ꝥ | ꝥ | Ꝧ | ꝧ | Ꝩ | ꝩ | Ꝫ | ꝫ | Ꝭ | ꝭ | Ꝯ | ꝯ |
| fff | ꝰ | ꝱ | ꝲ | ꝳ | ꝴ | ꝵ | ꝶ | ꝷ | ꝸ | Ꝺ | ꝺ | Ꝼ | ꝼ | Ᵹ | Ꝿ | ꝿ |
| fff | Ꞁ | ꞁ | Ꞃ | ꞃ | Ꞅ | ꞅ | Ꞇ | ꞇ | ꞈ | ꞉ | ꞊ | Ꞌ | ꞌ |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꟻ | ꟼ | ꟽ | ꟾ | ꟿ |
| U+ | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | A | B | C | D | E | F |
| fff | ꤀ | ꤁ | ꤂ | ꤃ | ꤄ | ꤅ | ꤆ | ꤇ | ꤈ | ꤉ | ꤊ | ꤋ | ꤌ | ꤍ | ꤎ | ꤏ |
| fff | ꤐ | ꤑ | ꤒ | ꤓ | ꤔ | ꤕ | ꤖ | ꤗ | ꤘ | ꤙ | ꤚ | ꤛ | ꤜ | ꤝ | ꤞ | ꤟ |
| fff | ꤠ | ꤡ | ꤢ | ꤣ | ꤤ | ꤥ |  ꤦ |  ꤧ |  ꤨ |  ꤩ |  ꤪ |  ꤫ |  ꤬ |  ꤭ | ꤮ | ꤯ |
| fff | ꤰ | ꤱ | ꤲ | ꤳ | ꤴ | ꤵ | ꤶ | ꤷ | ꤸ | ꤹ | ꤺ | ꤻ | ꤼ | ꤽ | ꤾ | ꤿ |
| fff | ꥀ | ꥁ | ꥂ | ꥃ | ꥄ | ꥅ | ꥆ |  ꥇ |  ꥈ |  ꥉ |  ꥊ |  ꥋ |  ꥌ |  ꥍ |  ꥎ |  ꥏ |
| fff |  ꥐ |  ꥑ | ꥒ |  ꥓ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | ꥟ |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| ffff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| fff | ﬀ | ﬁ | ﬂ | ﬃ | ﬄ | ﬅ | ﬆ |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |   |
| FFff | ＠ | Ａ | Ｂ | Ｃ | Ｄ | Ｅ | Ｆ | Ｇ | Ｈ | Ｉ | Ｊ | Ｋ | Ｌ | Ｍ | Ｎ | Ｏ |
| FFff | Ｐ | Ｑ | Ｒ | Ｓ | Ｔ | Ｕ | Ｖ | Ｗ | Ｘ | Ｙ | Ｚ | ［ | ＼ | ］ | ＾ | ＿ |
| FFff | ｀ | ａ | ｂ | ｃ | ｄ | ｅ | ｆ | ｇ | ｈ | ｉ | ｊ | ｋ | ｌ | ｍ | ｎ | ｏ |

## Unicode jeung huruf komputer

Fon (huruf komputer) bébas atawa berbayar nu dasarna tina Unicode geus tersedia bébas, ti fon *TrueType* jeung *OpenType* ngadukung Unicode. Inpormasi unggal bentuk hurup diteuneun jeung ngagunakeun substitusi karakter universal.

## Referensi jeung bacaan

* *The Complete Manual of Typography*, James Felici, Adobe Press; 1st edition, 2002
* *Unicode Demystified: A Practical Programmer's Guide to the Encoding Standard*, Richard Gillam, Addison-Wesley Professional; 1st edition, 2002
* *Unicode Explained*, Jukka K. Korpela, O'Reilly; 1st edition, 2006
* *The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0, Fifth Edition*, The Unicode Consortium, Addison-Wesley Professional, Oct. 27, 2006. ISBN 0-321-48091-0
* *The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0*, The Unicode Consortium, Addison-Wesley Professional, Aug. 27, 2003. ISBN 0-321-18578-1

## Tingali ogé

* Pengkodean karakter
* UTF-8
* UTF-16

## Pranala luar

* **(en)** The Unicode Consortium
* **(en)** decodeunicode
* **(en)** Unicode Character Search
* **(en)** Unicode Code Converter v3