Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Vugiriki

**Rudhende rwe Buhheleni**| *Buhheleni; Bugirki, Ugiriki; Uhheleni* |
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| *Rwiyo: Ὕμνος εἰς τὴν Ἐλευθερίαν, "Hymn to Liberty"* |
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**Vugiriki** (kureva *Greece*, Chigiriki: Ελληνική Δημοκρατία; *Ellinikí Dimokratía*) kana **Vuhheleni**, pachihofisi inonzi **Rudhende rwe Vuhheleni**, inyika iri kuchamhembechemabvazuva eYuropu. Yakagadzikwa kuruchamhembe rwe Mabharukani, uye irikunzvimbo inosangana Afurika, Ezhiya ne Yuropu. Vugiriki inogova chisi chemuganhu ne Arubhaniya kumaodzanyembaemadokero, Masedhoniya Maodzanyemba ne Bhurugariya kumaodzanyemba, uye Turuki kumaodzanyembaemabvazuva. Bhahari re Eegi rakawarira mugurunyika, Bhahari re Iyoni (kureva *Ionian sea*) riri kumadokero, uye Bhahari re Kireti (kureva *crete sea*) ne Bhahari re Medhiteraniya kuchamhembe. Vugiriki ine kostilayini rikarabesa pabhesini re Medhiteraniya, richisanganisa zvitsuwa zviuruuru zvakawanda.

Gutaguru rayo iAtina, richiteerwa ne Tesaroniki (kureva *Thessaloniki*) uye Patrasi (kureva *Patras*). a

Nyika iyi ine miganhu neArubhaniya, Bhurugariya, Masedhoni, Turuki ne Saipurasi.

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| **Yuropu** |
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Andora · Arubhaniya · Arumeniya · Azeribhaijani · Bherarusi · Bherujyamu · Bhoziniya ne Herizegovhina · Bhuritani · Bhurugariya · Cheki · Dhanemaki · Estonia · Furanzi · Holandi · Hlovhakiya · Hlovheniya · Hungariya · Itari · Jojiya · Jerumani · Kazakhistani · Kurohesha · Maruta · Masedhoniya Maodzanyemba · Monako · Monthenegiro · Morudhovha · Musande Marino · Noruweyi · Ostiriya · Polandi · Putugaro · Rakisombhegi · Rativhiya · Rhashiya · Rishenistayini · Ritwaniya · Romania · Saipurasi · Serubhiya · Speini · Swidheni · Turuki · Vhatikani · Vugiriki · Vufini · Vukireni · Vusvwisi · Yerelendi · Yisirandi |
# Mutauro

**Mutauro** (ku Chingezi: language) kana **rurimi** hunhu wevanhu unoita vakwanise kutaurirana, uye mutauro unorevawo muenzaniso wezvinoitika. Ruzivo rwakadzama nezvemitauro runonzi ururimi (*linguistics*). Nyanzvi dzemitauro dzinonzi vanagodobori.

Pane kufungidzirwa kwehuwandu nezvemitauro pasirose yakasiyana-siyana pakati pe5000 ne7000. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti pakati pemakumi mashanu kubva muzana yemitauro kuchange kuchina zvekuti pakupera kwegore 2100 inenge yaparara.

Mitauro iri kushanduka nekufamba kuri kuita nguva, nemunhoroondo yekushanduka inogona kuvakiridzwa nekuenzaniso nemitauro yemazuva ano. Mitauro inotaurwa nevanhu vakabva kumadzitateguru ane madzinza akafanana vanotaura mhuri ye mitauro yakafanana.

Marudzi anonyanyotaurwa anosanganisira mitauro yeChiindo-Yuropu (neChirungu neChispanishi), mitauro yeChisino-Tibheti (neChimandarini, Chikandonisi), mitauro yeChiafurika-Ezhiya (neChiarabhu, Chiamhari, Chisomari, neChihebheru), nemitauro yeChibantu (neChiswahiri, Chizulu, Chishona).

## Tsananguro ye mutauro

Mashoko aripazasi ndiwo anoshandiswa kutsanangura zvemaumbirwo omutauro.

| Chishona | Chirungu |
| --- | --- |
| Mutauronyina | dialect |
| bumbiro remabhi | alphabet |
| (chi)dudzirachiito | adverb |
| chiitirwa | object |
| chiito | verb |
| chirevo | sentence, clause |
| chisazita | pronoun |
| chivakamberi | suffix |
| chivakashure | prefix |
| donzo rechiito | mood |
| donzo rechishuwo | subjunctive mood |
| hwidzazwi | high tone |
| izwi rokutapa | loan word |
| izwifanana, fananadudziro | synonym |
| kwarakabva (izwi) | etymology |
| maumbirwo (omutauro) | grammar, structure of the language |
| muiti | subject |
| ndevohuru | main clause |
| nguva (yechiitiko) | tense |
| nguva ichangopfuura | recent past tense |
| nguva ichauya | future tense |
| nyaudzira, vara | syllable |
| rudzi | word class |
| ushoma | singular |
| uwanda, uzhinji | plural |
| varamai, nzvanyira | consonant |
| varamwana, nzvovera | vowel |
| zita | noun |

## Umbamutauro

*Tarisafuti Umbamutauro*

*Constructed language* kana *Conlang* mutauro une ruambainzwi (*phonology*), maumbirwo, uye mazwi, pachinzvimbo chekukudziridza zvakasikwa, zvine hungwaru zvakaumbwa kana kugadzirwa sebasa rekunyepedzera. Mitauro yakaumbwa inogona zvakare kutaurwa semitauro yekunyepedzera, mitauro yakarongwa kana mitauro yakaumbwa uye mune dzimwe nguva, mitauro yekunyepedzera.

## Mitauro yeBantu

* VaGanda vanoti **olulimi** (language) kureva rurimi. VaKongo vanoti **ndinga** (language) kureva mutauro.
* VaBukusu vanoti **chiindomo** (languages, dialects) kureva mutauro kana muyambonyina.
* VaNgala vanoti **lokota** (language) kureva mutauro. VaShambala vanoti **mbuli** (n. language).
* VaGanda vanoti **bigambo** (language) kureva mutauro. VaIkizu vanoti **ikigambu** (n. speech; language).
* Lugha (n. language). SOkuti Atlas ya lugha za Tanzania (Atlas of the languages of Tanzania.

## Mabviro eruzivo
# Mbudzi 15

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| << | Mbudzi | >> |
| Svo | Mvh | Chp | Cht | Chn | Chs | Mg |
|  | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 |
| 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |
| 28 | 29 | 30 |  |  |
|  |

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**Mbudzi 15** (kana Chishona chizere: **musi wechigumineshanu muMwedzi waMbudzi**) musi wegore wemazanamatatu-neguminepfumbamwe (kana musi wechimazanamatatu-nemakumimairi pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara mazuva makumimamana-netanhatu kusvika pakupera kwegore.

## Zviitiko

### Ma1800

### Ma1900

### Ma2000

## Kuzvarwa

### Ma1900

## Rufu

### Ma2000
# Kubvumbi 4

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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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|  |  |  |
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| << | Kubvumbi | >> |
| Svo | Mvh | Chp | Cht | Chn | Chs | Mg |
|  |  |  |  | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
| 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
| 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |  |
| ....2021 - **2022** - 2023.... |

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**Kubvumbi 4** (kana Chishona chizere: **Zuva rechina muMwedzi waKubvumbi**) musi wegore 94 (kana musi wechi95 pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara mazuva 271 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

## Zviitiko

### Ma1800

### Ma1900

### Ma2000

## Kuzvarwa

### Ma1900

## Rufu

### Ma2000
# Mehiko

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| **Mubatanidzwa we Mavuso eMekgiko** |
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| Mutauro wechihofisi |
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| Chispeini: | *Estados Unidos Mexicanos* |

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**Mehiko** (kureva *Mexico*) kana **Mekgiko/Mekxiko**, pachihofisi ichinzi **Mubatanidzwa weMavuso eMehiko**, inyika iri chidimbu chekuchamhembe kwe Amerika Maodzanyemba. Yakaganhurana ne Mubatanidzwa we Mavuso; kuchamhembe ne kumadokero neGungwa re Pasifiki; kuchamhembechemabvazuva ne Gwatemala, Bhelize, uye Bhahari re Karibhi; uye kumabvazuva ne Gahwi re Mehiko. Mehiko inofukidza 1,972,550 skweya makiromita (761,610 sk mi), zvichireva kuti ndiyo nyika yechigumitatu pakukura pasirose ne ruwa; neufungidzirwa we 126,014,024 wehuwandu wevagari, ndiyo nyika yechigumi pakati pedzimwe nyika dzine huwandu huzhinji hwevagari vanotaura Chispeini. Mehiko irudhende rwe rufedherari rwakarongeka rwune mavuso 31 uye Guta Mehiko ndiro gurarimodza rayo. Mamwe maruwa eebheni anosanganisa Mondereyi (kureva *Monterrey*), Gwadhalahara (kureva *Guadalajara*), Pwebla (kureva *Puebla*), Toluka (kureva *Toluca*), Tihwana (kureva *Tijuana*), Siwudhadha Hwarezi (kureva *Ciudad Juárez*), uye Rewoni (kureva *León*)

Guta guru racho iMexiko City.

Vanhu vekuMehiko vanonzi **Vamehiki** uye munhu mumwechete anonzi **Mumehiki/Mmehiki**.

## Zita

Zita rokuti **Mekgiko** kana **Mehxiko** rinotodza ruzha uye bhii reChishona risina manyorirwo rinowanikwa mumashoko akaita senge **hxede, kgede**, kana **hxada, kgada** - anonzwika senge munhu arikuhora mate, muduramazwi reChivanhu rokudhara mashoko aya aishandiswa ana "x' senge *px, pkg* muna *pxere*, kana *pxanya.*

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| **Amerika Maodzanyemba** |
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Andigwa ne Bharibhudha · Bharibhadhosi · Bhelize · Dhominika · Eri Savhadho · Girenadha · Gwatemala · Haiti · Hondurasi · Jamaika · Kanadha · Kosta Rika · Kyubha · Mabhahama · Mehiko · Musande Kitsi ne Nevhisi · Musande Rukia · Musande Vhinzone na Girenadhinezi · Nikaragwa · Panama · Rudhende rwe Dhominika · Trinidhadha ne Tobhago · Mubatanidzwa weMavusi | **Nyika**  |
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Angwila · Arubha · Bherumudha · Bhonayi · Zvitsuwa zve Bhuritani Virigo · Zvitsuwa zva Kayimani · Kyurakao · Girinilandi · Ghaudhelupu · Matinike · Mondiserati · Chitsuwa Navhasa · Pweto Riko · Musande Bhatelemi · Musande Maritini · Musande Petro ne Mikeroni · Saba · Sinthi Ustashisi · Zvitsuwa zve Maturuki ne Kaikosi · United States Virgin Islands | **Zvisi ne Materitori ekunze** |
# Ruambandanga

**Ruambandanga** (Chirungu: Psychology) kana **Unenandanga** mashoko ari kushandiswa kuturikira chinonzi hufundo hwezvendanga. Ruambandanga chidzidzo chitarira zvepfungwa uye maitiro evanhu. Chidzidzo ichi chinotsvaka kunzwisisa munhu ari ega, munhu pakati pevamwe uye mapoka evanhu chichishandisa zvirevo zvakatarwa uye mhaka dzakadudzika. Ana chinenandanga vanoedza kunzwisisa mashandiro emurangariro wemunhu uye maitiro ake pakati penzanga yevanhu. Panguva imwe vanenge vachiedza kubatanidza zviri kuitika mumuviri uye tsandura dzeruambamhenyu dzinobata mashandisirwo eruzivo nemaitiro emunhu.

## Kupiwa kweZita

* Chivakashure **ruamba** chiri kushandiswa kuturikira chivakamberi logy chinowanikwa kuEnglish mumazwi anodudza zvidzidzo zvnoti: **biology, geology, physiology** etc.
* Chivakamberi cheEnglish chekuti *-logy* chinoreva **a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science**.
* **Psychologist** rinenge roturikirwa kunzi chiambandanga.
* **Psychiatrist** rinenge roturikirwa kunzi chiomborandanga. Tarisai chikamu chemitauro yeBantu pachinyorwa chinonzi chihombori.

## Mitauro eBantu

* VaChewa vanoti **muyambo** (traditional stories and teachings, customs of a people).
* VaVenda vanoti **luambo** (n. language) kureva mutauro. Mamwe mazwi: **amba** (v. talk).