Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Japani

Japan日本国|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  |  |

 |
| *Rwiyo: Kimigayo, "君が代"* |
|  |

**Japan** (Chijapani: 日本, *Nippon* kana *Nihon*, uye sepachihofisi 日本国, *Nihonkoku*) chitsuwa chenyika chinowanikwa kuMabvazuva eEzhiya. Yakagadzikwa kumaodzanyembaemadokero eGungwa re Pasifiki uye kumadokero rinoganhurwa ne Bhahari re Japani, rinotandanudzwa kubva kuBhahari re Okhotsuki kusvika kumaodzanyemba e Bhahari reMabvazuva eChayina, Bhahari re Vufiripini, uye Taiwani kuchamhembe. Japani chikamu cheChindori we Moto uye rinegurutsuwa rwe zvitsuwa zvi-14,125, zvitsuwa zvikuru zvayo i Hokaidho, Honshu (kureva "tsuwahuru"), Shikoku, Kyushu, ne Okinawa.

Gutaguru rayo iTokyo, richitevera ne Yokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Saporo, Fukuoka, Kobhe, ne Kyoto. Japani ine miganhu neChayina, Koriya Maodzanyemba, Koriya Chamhembe, Rhashiya ne Taiwani.

Japani inotongwa nehwami wayo, parizvino hwami wayo ndiVaNaruhito.

|  |
| --- |
| **Ezhiya** |
|
Afughanistani · Arumeniya · Azeribhaijani · Bhahareyini · Bhangaladhesha · Bhuruma · Bhurunei · Bhutani · Chayina · India · Indonezha · Irani · Iraki · Isiraeri · Istimuri · Japani · Jojiya · Jorodhani · Kambodhiya · Kazakhistani · Kerigistani · Koriya Chamhembe · Koriya Maodzanyemba · Kuwayiti · Morudhivhi · Mongoriya · Neparu · Omani · Pakistani · Kataa · Raosi · Rebhanoni · Rhashiya · Saipurasi · Saudhi Arabhiya · Sin'apowo · Sri Lanka · Siriya · Tajikistani · Turuki · Turukimenistani · Mubatanidzwa weMaamire eUarabhu · Uzibhekistani · Vhiyetinamu · Vufiripina · Vumalayi · Vuthayi · Yemeni |
# Hanja

**Hanja** (Chikoriya: 한자; Chihanja: 漢字, Vakoriya vanoti: **Hancha**) ndiro zita mabhii eChikoriya akabva ku Chichayina echinyakare 漢字 (*hànzì* ), yakaverengerwa uye yakashandiswa kubvira panguva yeGojoseon (400 BC). Zvikurukuru, zvinoreva mavara echinyakare echiChichayina akaiswa mumutauro we Chikoriya nemazita eKoriya.

## Zita

Zita rekuti 'hanja' rinoreva zvimwe chete semu Chichayina, zvinomirira kuti 'mabhii eHan'.

## Kusikw kwe mabhii

Hanja yega yega inoumbwa neimwe ye 214 radicals uye dzimwe nguva imwe kana zvimwe zvinowedzera zvinhu. Vazhinji vavo vanoshandisa zvinowedzerana zvinhu kuratidza kududzwa kwehunhu, asi imwe hanja kupfuura imwe inongova mifananidzo chete uye inodudzwa zvakasiyana.

## Kurira neChirevo

Mu Chikoriya chemazuva ano, kana hanja ichioneka mushoko kana sezwi rakazara, rinogara richidudzwa nenzira imwecheteyo. Nekudaro, kubatsira kusanganisira mavara, duramazwi rehunhu uye zvinwadhi zvechikoro zvinongedzera kune wega hunhu kwete nechitarisiko chete, asiwo nezvazvinoreva. Kuverenga uku, kunopa zvinoreva uye kurira kwevatambi, kunodaidzwa kuti *eumhun* (음훈; 音 訓; zvinoenderana na 音 "kurira" + 訓 "zvichireva", "kudzidza").

## Chichayina ne Chikoriya

Muenzaniso weMabhii eChisitandadhi Koriya-Chayina| Hanja yeChikoriya | 却 | 脚 | 槪 | 慨 | 漑 | 鷄 | 敎 | 擧 | 旣 | 起 | guta | 屠 | 賭 | 郞 | 廊 | 朗 | 凉 | 隣 | 裵 | 飜 | 倂 | 甁 | 餠 | 氷 | 産 | 尙 | 緖 | 輸 | 植 | 顔 | 昻 | 彦 | 硏 | 姸 | 汚 |
| Mabhii eChichayina muTaiwan ne Hong Kong | 卻 | 腳 | 概 | 慨 | 溉 | 雞 | 教 | 舉 | 既 | 起 | guta | 屠 | 賭 | 郎 | 廊 | 朗 | 涼 | 鄰 | 裴 | 翻 | 併 | 瓶 | 餅 | 冰 | 產 | 尚 | 緒 | 輸 | 植 | 顏 | 昂 | 彥 | 研 | 妍 | 汙 |
| Hanja yeChikoriya | 爲 | 僞 | 兪 | 喩 | 愉 | 愈 | munhu | 猪 | 絶 | 情 | 靜 | 精 | 諸 | 衆 | 直 | 稙 | 鎭 | 眞 | 卽 | 着 | 甛 | 靑 | 淸 | 晴 | 請 | 値 | 置 | 妬 | 鬪 | 豊 | 恒 | 鄕 | 畵 | 廻 | 携 |
| Mabhii eChichayina muTaiwan ne Hong Kong | 為 | 偽 | 俞 | 喻 | 愉 | 愈 | munhu | 豬 | 絕 | 情 | 靜 | 精 | 諸 | 眾 | 直 | 稙 | 鎮 | 真 | 即 | 著 | 甜 | 青 | 清 | 晴 | 請 | 值 | 置 | 妒 | 鬥 | 豐 | 恆 | 鄉 | 畫 | 迴 | 攜 |

## Mabviro eruzivo
# Katakana

**Katakana** (片仮名、カタカナ) imwe mhando ye mabhi eChijapani, imwe mhango yekunyoresa senge Hiragana, Kanji uye mune zvimwe zviitiko mabhi eChiratini anonzi rōmaji. Izwi rekuti *katakana* rinoreva "kupatsanurana **kana**", sezvo mabhi ekatakana achitorwa kubva kuzvinhu kana zvidimbu zveKanji yakaoma. Katakana uye hiragana zvese kana dandira (*system*). Mabhi eChijapani anomirirwa ne **bhii** kana **kana** mudandira pacharo. Kana imwe ne imwe inomirira nzvovera senge " *a* " (muKatakana ndi ア); senge Chishona, muChijapani nzvanyira rinoteverwa nenzvanyira senge " *ka* " (muKatakana ndi カ). Asi Chijapani chaka siyana ne Chishona nekuti chine mashoko anopera ne manzvanyira, senge "*n*" (muKatakana ndi ン), uye i-*nasal sonorant* zvichienderana ne *context*, anonzwika senge mabhi eChingezi *m*, *n* kana *ng* (n') akafanana ne manzvovera ari *nasal* eChiputukezi kana Chigarisiya (*Galician*).

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Hiragana
* Kanji
* Hanja
* Hangwu (Hangul)
* Hànzì
# Hànzì

**Mabhi eChichayina**, kana **Hanzi** (Chichayina: 汉字; Chichayina chechinyakare: 漢字; *Hànzì*; zvichireva kuti 'mabhi eHan'), iwo magogograms akagadzirirwa kunyora kweChichayina. Mabhi eChichayina zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa kunyora mitauro yeChichayina neChijapani. Munguva yakapfuura, mimwe mitauro yakaita seChikoriya ne Chivhiyetinamu yaishandisawo. Kutanga kwemavara aya kwaive nemakore angangoita 3000 apfuura, zvichivaita imwe yetsika dzekare dzekunyora munyika iyo ichiri kushandiswa nanhasi.

Mabhi eChichayina ndeakakosha chikamu cheMabvazuva eEzhiya tsika. Mabhi eChichayina anogona kutorwa seasingaonekwe hunyanzvi, nekuda kwekuti mavara akagadzirwa sei nemutsetse (*lines*) uye madhi (*dots*). Unyanzvi hwekunyora mabhii eChichayina anonzi bharaunake (*calligraphy*).

## Zita

Mu Chichayina anonzi *hanzi* (汉字 / 漢字), zvinoreva kuti "Mabhi eHan". MuJapan anonzi *kanji*, muChikoriya anonzi *hanja*, uye *Han Nom* muChivhiyetinamu.

## Mabhi eChichayina

Kwayakabva iko chiratidzo mune yeKeruro yeChichayina (*Chinese script*) ndiyo mufananidzo. Aya manyuko akafanana nemastaera anoshandiswa kumwe kunhu pasi seBhabhironi. Asi nepo mune mamwe masisitimu anofanirwa kushandiswa kumufananidzo silirahisirwa masiraidhi kana ruzha chete uye chiperengo, Chayina yakaramba iri semifananidzo imwe chete mushoko rimwe uye kuti nepo chifananidzo ichi chakaratidza kusununguka kwekutaipa nekukurumidza.

Kubva chibvumirano chekutanga cheChayina hurumende yepakati yakarongedza kumisikidza mamaki. Zviratidzo sezvazvakange zvakagadzirirwa makore 1800 zvinoshandiswa kusvika nhasi.

## Mabviro eruzivo