# Keruro ye Chikriri

**Keruro ye Chikriri**, unozivikanwa futi se **Keruro ye Chislavhi**, is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia and is used as the national script in various Slavic, Turkic, Mongolic, Uralic, Caucasian and Iranic-speaking countries in Southeastern Europe, Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, Central Asia, North Asia, and East Asia.

As of 2019, around 250 million people in Eurasia use Cyrillic as the official script for their national languages, with Russia accounting for about half of them. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on 1 January 2007, Cyrillic became the third official script of the European Union, following the Latin and Greek alphabets.

## Bumbiro re Mabhi

Cyrillic script spread throughout the East Slavic and some South Slavic territories, being adopted for writing local languages, such as Old East Slavic. Its adaptation to local languages produced a number of Cyrillic alphabets, discussed below.

Bumbiro re Mabhi e Chikriri Ekare| А | Б | В | Г | Д | Е | Ж | Ꙃ | Ꙁ | И | І | К | Л | М | Н | О | П | Р | С | Т | ОѴ | Ф |
| Х | Ѡ | Ц | Ч | Ш | Щ | Ъ | ЪІ | Ь | Ѣ | Ꙗ | Ѥ | Ю | Ѫ | Ѭ | Ѧ | Ѩ | Ѯ | Ѱ | Ѳ | Ѵ | Ҁ |

Capital and lowercase letters were not distinguished in old manuscripts.
A page from the *Church Slavonic Grammar* of Meletius Smotrytsky (1619)

Yeri (Ы) was originally a ligature of Yer and I (Ъ + І = Ы). Iotation was indicated by ligatures formed with the letter І: Ꙗ (not an ancestor of modern Ya, Я, which is derived from Ѧ), Ѥ, Ю (ligature of І and ОУ), Ѩ, Ѭ. Sometimes different letters were used interchangeably, for example И = І = Ї, as were typographical variants like О = Ѻ. There were also commonly used ligatures like ѠТ = Ѿ.

The letters also had numeric values, based not on Cyrillic alphabetical order, but inherited from the letters' Greek ancestors.

Manumeri eChikriri| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| А | В | Г | Д | Є (Е) | Ѕ (Ꙃ, Ꙅ) | З (Ꙁ) | И | Ѳ |
|  |
| 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 |
| І (Ї) | К | Л | М | Н | Ѯ (Ч) | Ѻ (О) | П | Ч (Ҁ) |
|  |
| 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 500 | 600 | 700 | 800 | 900 |
| Р | С | Т | Ѵ (Ѵ, Оу, Ꙋ) | Ф | Х | Ѱ | Ѡ (Ѿ, Ꙍ) | Ц (Ѧ) |

The early Cyrillic alphabet is difficult to represent on computers. Many of the letterforms differed from those of modern Cyrillic, varied a great deal in manuscripts, and changed over time. Few fonts include glyphs sufficient to reproduce the alphabet. In accordance with Unicode policy, the standard does not include letterform variations or ligatures found in manuscript sources unless they can be shown to conform to the Unicode definition of a character.

The Unicode 5.1 standard, released on 4 April 2008, greatly improves computer support for the early Cyrillic and the modern Church Slavonic language. In Microsoft Windows, the Segoe UI user interface font is notable for having complete support for the archaic Cyrillic letters since Windows 8.[*citation needed*

| **Mabhii eChikriri eChislavhi** |
| --- |
| А A | А́ A with acute | А̀ A with grave | А̄ A with macron | Ӓ A with diaeresis | Б Be | В Ve | Г Ge (Ghe) | Ґ Ghe upturn | Д De | Ђ Dje | Ѓ Gje |
| Е Ye | Е́ Ye with acute | Ѐ Ye with grave | Е̄ Ye with macron | Ё Yo | Є Ukrainian Ye | Ж Zhe | З Ze | З́ Zje | Ѕ Dze | И I | І Dotted I |
| Ї Yi | И́ I with acute | Ѝ I with grave | Ӣ I with macron | Й Short I | Ј Je | К Ka | Л El | Љ Lje | М Em | Н En | Њ Nje |
| О O | О́ O with acute | О̀ O with grave | О̄ O with macron | П Pe | Р Er | С Es | С́ Sje | Т Te | Ћ Tje | Ќ Kje | У U |
| У́ U with acute | Ӯ U with macron | Ў Short U | Ф Ef | Х Kha | Ц Tse | Ч Che | Џ Dzhe | Ш Sha | Щ Shcha | Ъ Hard sign (Yer) | Ы Yery |
| Ь Soft sign (Yeri) | Э E | Ю Yu | Я Ya |
| **Muenzaniso e mabhii asiri eChikriri cheChislavhi (ringai Udorongodzwa hwe Mabhii e Chikriri muone zvimwe)** |
| Ӑ A with breve | Ә Schwa | Ӕ Ae | Ғ Ghayn | Ҕ Ge with middle hook | Ӻ Ghayn with hook | Ӷ Ge with descender | Ӂ Zhe with breve | Ӝ Zhe with diaeresis | Ӡ Abkhazian Dze | Ҡ Bashkir Qa | Ҟ Ka with stroke |
| Ӊ En with tail | Ң En with descender | Ӈ En with hook | Ҥ En-ghe | Ө Oe | Ҩ O-hook | Ҏ Er with tick | Ҫ The | У̃ U with tilde | Ӱ U with diaeresis | Ӳ U with double acute | Ү Ue |
| Ұ Kazah Short U | Ҳ Kha with descender | Ӽ Kha with hook | Ӿ Kha with stroke | Һ Shha (He) | Ҵ Te Tse | Ҷ Che with descender | Ӌ Khakassian Che | Ҹ Che with vertical stroke | Ҽ Abkhazian Che | Ҍ Semisoft sign | Ӏ Palochka |
| **Mabhii e Chikriri aishandiswa kudhara** |
| Ꙗ A iotified | Ѥ E iotified | Ѧ Yus small | Ѫ Yus big | Ѩ Yus small iotified | Ѭ Yus big iotified | Ѯ Ksi | Ѱ Psi | Ꙟ Yn | Ѳ Fita | Ѵ Izhitsa | Ѷ Izhitsa okovy |
| Ҁ Koppa | ОУ Uk | Ѡ Omega | Ѿ Ot | Ѣ Yat |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |