Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Mitambariko yeTaranyika

Muzvidzidzo zvinotevera: Jekanyika; Taranyika nepimanyika, Mitambariko (Longitude) mitsetse inobatanidza nzvimbo dzine nhambwe yegonyo yakaenzana kana gonyo richipimwa kubva paPrime (Greenwich) zvichienda kuMabvazuva kana kuMadokero ePrime Meridian. Pahumwe tochiti Mutambariko.

Mitambariko inoverengwa ichibva paPrime Meridian iyo inopiwa nhamba 0o. Nhamba yemitambariko yeTaranyika inokwira zvichienda kuMabvazuva - nhamba dzichipiwa vara (+), kudzamara dzasvika pa +180o. Nhamba yeMitambariko inodzika zvichenda kuMadokero, nhamba dzichipiwa vara (-), kudzamara dzasvika pa -180o. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutambariko weTaranyika +20o huri kuMabvazuva kwePrime Meridian; mutambariko weTaranyika -30o huri kuMadokero kwePrime Meridian.

Mitambariko yeTaranyika inobatanidza gonga remaodzanyemba negonga rechamhembe. Nzvimbo dzose dziri paMitambariko imwe dzinenge dziri panhamba yemutambariko weTaranyika yakaenzana.

## Kujekesa

Mitambariko yeTaranyika inoverengwa iri 0-180oE tichienda kuMabvazuva uye 0-180oW tichienda kuMadokero. Zvinoreva kuti gonyo reMitambariko yeTaranyika dzinohwerengedzwa kusvika pa360o. Taona zvakare kuti nyika inoziririka kutenderera kamwe pamahawa 24h - mahawa 24h anoenderana ne 360o. Panofambwa 15o yoga-yoga nguva inochinja nehawa imwe (1h).

Nyika yeZimbabwe iri murumana rwemutambariko weTaranyika (longitude) +30oE. Pose panoshanduka mutambariko weTaranyika ne 15o, nguva inoshanduka awa rimwe (1h). Nokudaro Zimbabwe inopiwa nguva yakawedzerwa 2h (awa 2) zvichienzaniswa nenguva iri paPrime Meridian. Somuenzaniso kana nguva iri paPrime Meridian iri pa 06:00hrs, nguva yeZimbabwe inenge iri pa 08:00hrs. Nguva iri paPrime Meridian inonzi Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). Nokumwe kutaura nguva yeZimbabwe inodanwa ichinzi GMT + 2hrs.

Zvizhinji zvinotsangura kushanda kwemitambariko yeTaranyika zvinowanikwa pachinyorwa Mwaka yepaNyika.

## Mitauro yeBantu

* Mang'anja vanoti **kutantalika** (be stretched across, to lie across, stretching form one side to the other).
* Mang'anja vanoti **mtanto** (a tree laid across a stream as a bridge).
* Mang'anja vanoti **kutanta** (to cross along upon anything stretched across) kureva kuyambuka uchishandisa chinhu chakatandarika mhiri nemhiri.
# Denga neNyika

**DenganyikaDenga neNyika** (Chirungu: universe) kana **Denganyika** mashoko aya ari kushandiswa pano kuturikira chinonzi *universe*. Denganyika zvinoreva kuhwerengedzwa kwezvinhu zvose zvakasikwa naMwari. Denga neNyika rinobata nokusanganisira: sebhe dzose (*matter* kuChirungu); simba; nyeredzi; nyenyedzi; nguva nedengezeze rechadenga. Izwi rokuti Denga neNyika rinongova kubatanidzwa kwemazwi anoti denga nenyika.

## Kupiwa kwezita

Zita iri rapiwa richicherechedza kuti icho chinonzi *Universe* kuChirungu idunhu rimwe rine mamwewo matunhu anopatsanurwa mariri. Nyangwe zvaro rine zvikamu zvizhinji nemapoka mazhinji, rudunhumwe idunhu rimwe rine mitemo yaro, nekudyidzana kwezvinhu zvirimo. Iko kudyidzana kwezvinhu mu**rudunhumwe** hakusati kwapera kuongororwa nyangwe naivo ana mazvikokota vanofunda chikamu chemitumbi iri pamukaha wechadenga; kana nemiganhu yerudunhumwe hapana chaiye anoziva kuti inogumira kupi.

Chakakosha pakupiwa kwezita iri ndiko: kugonawo kutaura nerurimi rwedu zvinhu zvikuru, zvinoshamisa, zvisina mukare wakamboona akatizuwira kuti kwakadai kumatenga kuziyenda-nakuenda uko.

Denga neNyika rinobatawo Rinopasi ratinorarama pariri nedengezeze rechadenga chatinoona zuva nenyeredzi, kunova ndiko kunobhururuka chitundumusere.

## Tsananguro

Izvo zvakasikwa zvinoonekwa zvinotsanangurwa senzvimbo yese nenzvimbo (pamwe chete zvinonzi nguva yemuchadenga) nezviri mukati. Zvemukati izvi zvine simba rese mumhando dzaro dzakasiyana, kusanganisira remagetsi remagetsi nemagetsi, uye nekudaro mapuraneti, mwedzi, nyeredzi, magaraxies, nezviri mukati meiyo intergalactic space. Zvese zvakasikwa zvinosanganisirawo mitemo yepanyama inokanganisa simba uye zvinhu, senge mitemo yekuchengetedza, echinyakare makanika, uye hukama.

Zvepasi rose zvinowanzotsanangurwa se "hupenyu hwese", kana zvese zviriko, zvese zvakambovapo, uye zvese zvichave zviripo. Ichokwadi, vamwe vazivi nevasayendisiti vanotsigira kuiswa kwemazano uye zvisinganzwisisike- senge masvomhu uye pfungwa - mukududzirwa kwezvinhu zvese. Izwi rokuti muchadenga rinogona zvakare kureva zvinhu zvakaita sedenga, nyika, uye zvakasikwa.

## Mabviro eruzivo
# Mutandira weZuva

Muzvidzidzo zvinoti: taranyika; jekanyika; fundoyetsimba, Mutandira weZuva (Solar System), rinobatanidza zuva nezvindeya zvinopoterera nemaboterekwa akatenderera zuva.

Idzi ndidzo nyeredzi dzine maboterekwa anopoterera zuva ratinoona rinobuda nokuvira panyika yatigere. Zvindeya izvi zvinoramba zviri mumaboterekwa iwaya nokuda kwefosi inokonzerwa negunganidzo rezuva inova inokweva zvindeya izvi kune zuva.
# Dendera

* Dendera (wild turkey).
* Dendera (revolution).

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|  | Zanhi rinori ndere kutsauranisa chirevo, rino dorongotsa sipwi dzine matumidzo akafanana. Kana kochekedzo yorukati yakuunzai pano, ringai matumidzo akadorongotswa pamusoro apo kuti muwane ramunoda uye mukwanise kuenda kwariri. |
# Nyamatsatse

Muenzaniso wemakuriro weNyamatsatse neRinopasi
**Nyamatsatse** (kureva *Mercury*; chikwangwani: ) **Nyamatsatsi** kana **Nyamasasa** chindeya chidiki kwazvo muMutandiro weMushana. Nyamatatse ndicho chindeya chonoteera mushure Zuva, izvi zvinoreva kuti ndiro pakata pezvindeya zvese riri pedyo nezuva. Kumashure kwaro kunaHweva, uye mukuboterera Zuva kwaro rinotora mazuva 87.97 eRinopasi, inguva pfupi pane zvimwe zvindeya zvese zvinopoterera zuva.

## Zita

**Nyamatsatse** inyeredzi yemangwanani uye yekumabvazuva. Zita rechindeya ichi futi raivanzo shandisirwa chindeya chatinoti Hweva nechikonzero chekuti vanhu vaivhiringika nokusanganisa zvindeya zviviri izvi.

## MuchiBantu

### Mitauro yeZimbabwe

* Chitsonga chinoti - **Gongomela** .
* Chixhosa chinoti - **uMekhyuri** .

* Chisoto chinoti - **Mekhuri**.

* Chitswana chinoti - **Mekhuri**.

### Mimwe Mitauro yeBantu

* Chiswahiri chinoti - **Utaridi** shoko iri rinobva kuChiarabhu.
* Chizulu chinoti - **uNomjubane** izita raNyamatsatse muChizuru
* VaLamba vanoti **insase** (n. Rays of light, dazzling light, glitter, radiance).

## Mabviro eruzivo
# Hweva

Mufananidzo waHweva
**Hweva** (Chirungu: Venus; chikwangwani: ) kana **Hwevera** izita rechindeya yechipiri kubva kuzuva. Zita raHweva muChirungu rakatumidzirwa kuteera mwarikadzi weRoma werudo nerunako. Sechinhu chakajeka kwazvo chechisikigo mudenga repasi usiku, mushure memwedzi, Hweva inogona kukanda mimvuri uye inogona, pazviitiko zvisingawanzo, kuoneka kune rakashama ziso masikati machena. Hweva riri pedyo neRinopasi kudarika zvimwe zvindeya.

## Zita

Hweva kana hwevera anemazita mazhinji.

Zvinotendwa kuti zita rayo rakatumidzwa nekuti muchinyakare vanhu vaiti Hweva anokweva zuva.

* Nhanda
* Nyamatsatsi/ Nyamasase
* Hweva / Hwevera

Ese aya mazita aitumidzwa kuna Hweva paaionekwa kumakuseni se - *morning star.* Asi nhasi zvinowanzonzi vanhu vekudhara vaigona kupesanisa zvindeya, senge Nyamatsatsi (*mercury* ikozvino) na iye Hweva,

* Marinda
* Vhenekeratsvimborume (*jupiter*)

Mazita aitumidzwa kuna Hweva paaionekwa kumadekwana - *evening star*.

## Mabviro eruzivo
# Vhenekeratsvimborume

Chindeya cha Vhenekeratsvimborume
**Vhenekeratsvimborume** (chikwangwani: ; pachidi rinoreva kuti "chinovhenekesa zhira yetsvimborume" ku Chingezi: *Jupiter*) kana **Mveniki** (mukupfupisa zita) ndicho chindeya chechishanu kubva kuzuva, uye chakakurisa kudarika zvimwe zvindeya zviri mu mutandiro we mushana. Mveneki chindeya chegasi, uye ndicho chiro chemuchadenga chakavheneka kwazvo chichienderana nevamwe vacho senge Mwedzi na Hweva.

## Ringai zve:

* Chindeya
* Mutandira weMushana
* Ngano dzaVhenekeratsvimborume
* Upanganyedzi

## Mabviro eruzivo
# Chikumi 15

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**Chikumi 15** (kana Chishona chizere: **musi wechigumineshanu muMwedzi waChikumi**) musi wegore wemakumimatanhatu-netanhatu (kana musi wechizananemakumimatanhatu-nenomwe pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara mazuva zana nemakumimapfemba-nepfumbamwe kusvika pakupera kwegore.

## Zviitiko

### Ma1800

### Ma1900

### Ma2000

## Kuzvarwa

### Ma1900

## Rufu

### Ma2000
# Ruambachisi

Izwi rokuti Ruambachisi riri kushanda pano kuturikira chinonzi **Geology** kuEnglish chinova chidzidzo chezvemitumbi iri muchadenga inosanganisira Pasirino ratigere. Chidzidzo ichi chinotarisa kuumbwa kwakaitwa mitumbi iyi, mabwe arimo uye nzira dzaakaumbwa nadzo - uye chinobatsira kune avo vanotsvaga pokuchera migodhi yesimbi nemafutarubwe.

## Kupiwa kweZita

* Chivakashure **ruamba** chiri kushandiswa kuturikira chivakamberi logy chinowanikwa kuEnglish mumazwi anodudza zvidzidzo zvnoti: **biology, geology, physiology** etc.
* Chivakamberi cheEnglish chekuti *-logy* chinoreva *a speaking, discourse, treatise, doctrine, theory, science".*
* **Geologist** annexe oturikirwa kunzi chiambachisi.

## Mazwi eBantu

* VaChewa vanoti **muyambo** (traditional stories and teachings, customs of a people).
* VaVenda vanoti **luambo** (n. language) kureva mutauro. Mamwe mazwi: **amba** (v. talk).
* VaLunda neVaLenje vanoti **chisi** (country, region, land, district, village and its neighbourhood).
* VaLenje vanoti **nshi** kana **nsi** (land, region, ground underfoot).VaGiryama vanoti **tsi** (land).
# Chikamu choupenyu

**Chikamu choupenyu** (Nge. *slice of life*) **chidimbu choupenyu** kana **chimhedu choupenyu**, chinotsanangura kuratidzwa kwezviitiko zvemazuva ose muuseza uye uvaraidzo.  Mufhiyeta, chikamu choupenyu zvinoreva uvusikwa (*naturalism*), nepo murureketo *(parlance)* rwe uvaranomwe imhando yekuundura (kunareta nyaya) iumo kutevedzana kwezviitiko muhupenyu hwemutambi kunoratidzwa, kazhinji kushaikwa kwekurongeka, kukakavara uye kuburitswa, uye kazhinji. kuva nemagumo akazaruka.

## Chikamu choupenyu che hanime ne manga

*Tarisai: Chikamu choupenyu*

## Mashoko ashandiswa

Bhii rokuti *th* rinowanikwa kumitauro ye Chibantu asi rinotaugwa sa "*t*" nyanatirwa (*aspirated*) - shoko rokuti natira rinoreva (*inhale, aspirate*).

* **Uvaraidzo** (*entertainment*) kana **indatenimende** muChishongrish.
* **Uvusikwa** (*naturalism*)

### Makatagori

* Uvuzima kana Uuzima (*realism*) kubva paVuzima/Uzima (*real, reality, existence*) - shoko iri ririko kuChishona asi chirevo chacho chiri kubva mimwe mitauro ye Chibantu senge Chiswahiri chinoti
* runzanga (*social*)
* **Huunduranyaya** (*storytelling, narrating*) kuundura kana kudanaura mazwi anoreva kubvisa manhenga eshiri, nhenga ne nhenga asi anoshandiswa zve kureva kuudza nyaya uchitaura dhitali ne dhitali (*detail by detail*) uye poyindi ne poyindi (*point by point*)
	+ - sezvoitwa nyaya ine tsauko ne tsauko uye inoteera chikamu nechikamu pakunyatso undura misoro yayo. Zvakafana nokuti: nyatso taura mhosva/nyaya yako iyoyo sokunge urikubvisa shiri/huku manhenga.
* rureketo (parlance; a particular way of spekaing)

## Mabviro eruzivo
# Munyonhi

Shoko anoti munyonhi kana kamunyonhi (humidity) rinoreva hunyoro hunowanikwa mumhepo yatinofema. Mhepo ine hunyoro hunowanikwa kana mvura ichinge yasasauka kubva pamadzinde anenge miti, huswa nemaruva kana kubva munzizi, nyanza negungwa.
# East Timor

Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste*
*Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste|

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| *Rwiyo: Pátria, "Fatherland"* |
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**East Timor** (/ˌiːst ˈtiːmɔr/ or Timor-Leste /tiˈmɔr ˈlɛʃteɪ/) inyika iri muAsia.

Guta guru racho iDili.

Nyika iyi ine miganhu neIndonesia.
# Rativhiya

Republic of LatviaLatvijas Republika|

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| *Rwiyo: Dievs, svētī Latviju!, "God Bless Latvia!"* |
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**Rativhiya** (kureva *Latvia*, Chirativhu: *Latvija*; Chiratigali: *Latveja*; Chirivhoni: *Leţmō*) kana Vurati kutodza tsika dze Chishona, inyika iri muziwumbe re Yuropu.

Gutaguru rayo iRiga.

Nyika iyi ine miganhu ne Rhashiya, Estonia, Ritwaniya, Bherarusi ne Suwidhe.

## Zita

Kuti *Vurati* kana *Vulati* zvinoreva kuti nyika ye Vanhu vechi *Lat.*

*U-* kana *Wu-* anogona kushandiswa zve, sokuti "Ulati" kana "Wulati".

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| **Yuropu** |
|
Andora · Arubhaniya · Arumeniya · Azeribhaijani · Bherarusi · Bherujyamu · Bhoziniya ne Herizegovhina · Bhuritani · Bhurugariya · Cheki · Dhanemaki · Estonia · Furanzi · Holandi · Hlovhakiya · Hlovheniya · Hungariya · Itari · Jojiya · Jerumani · Kazakhistani · Kurohesha · Maruta · Masedhoniya Maodzanyemba · Monako · Monthenegiro · Morudhovha · Musande Marino · Noruweyi · Ostiriya · Polandi · Putugaro · Rakisombhegi · Rativhiya · Rhashiya · Rishenistayini · Ritwaniya · Romania · Saipurasi · Serubhiya · Speini · Swidheni · Turuki · Vhatikani · Vugiriki · Vufini · Vukireni · Vusvwisi · Yerelendi · Yisirandi |
# Guta reHo Chi Minh

Ho Chi Minh Guta
**Ho Chi Minh Guta** (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, Ho Chi Minh City), **Saigon** guta neVietnam. Zvinofungirwa kuti muguta reHo Chi Minh chaimo mune vanhu 7,406,000 (2010), pachiva nevanhu 9,000,000 (2011) mumetropolitan area yayo.

Mukutongwa, guta reHo Chi Minh rinovawo guta rinozvitonga rinofananidzwa nedunhu. Ho Chi Minh Guta ndiro guta rakakurisa muVietnam yose. Muguta umu munotengeswa nokutengwa zvinhu zvakaita sefodya, chibage, donje nemichero unonzi pachirungu, macitrus fruits. Hushangazhi hurimo hunosanganisira zvesimbi, machira nemakemikaru (chemicals). Munharaunda yeguta munocherwa goridhe.

MuHo Chi Minh ndimo munowanikwa Yunivhesiti yeVietnam, inova iyo yunivhesity ikuru zvakanyanya munyika yeVitenma. Guta reHo Chi Minh rinova nenhandare yendege inonzi Tan Son Nhat International Airport.
# Kubvumbi 9

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| ....2021 - **2022** - 2023.... |

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**Kubvumbi 9** (kana Chishona chizere: **zuva rechipfumbamwe muMwedzi waKubvumbi**) musi wegore 99 (kana musi wechiZana pagore remucharikwa) muKarenda ya Gregori; pasara mazuva 266 kusvika pakupera kwegore.

## Zviitiko

### Ma1800

### Ma1900

### Ma2000

## Kuzvarwa

### Ma1900

## Rufu

### Ma2000
# Itari

Italian RepublicRepubblica italiana|

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| *Rwiyo: Il Canto degli Italiani, "The Song of the Italians"* |
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**Itari** (kureva *Italy*; Chiitari: *Italia; Repubblica Italiana*) pamwe futi **Itali**, inyika iri muYuropu, pachihofisi inonzi **Rudhende rwe Itari** kana **Rudhende rwe Vaitari**, inyika inosanganisa peninsula yakadelimitwa ne Maarupi uye zvitsuwa zvakawanda zvakayipoteredza; chisi chayo inosanganisa chisi chetaranyika ihomojinasi. Itari yakagadziwa pakati pe Bhahari re Medhiteraniya, muChamhembe che Yuropu; inoonekwa sechikamu cheMadokero e Yuropu. Inofukidza hwerengo we ruwa unosvika 301,230 km2 (116,310 sk mi) uye rinogova muganhu waro ne Furanzi, Vusvwisi, Awustiriya, Hlovheniya uye ma-enclaved microstates eGuta Vhatikani ne Sani Marino. Itari ine exclave e uteritori muVusvwisi, Kampione (kureva *Campione*). Ine vagari vanosviga 60 miriyoni, Itari iri pachinzvimbo chechitatu pama muvuso we Mubatanidzwa we Yuropu.

Gutaguru racho iRhomu.

Colosseum, Rome, built c. 70 – 80 AD,

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| **Yuropu** |
|
Andora · Arubhaniya · Arumeniya · Azeribhaijani · Bherarusi · Bherujyamu · Bhoziniya ne Herizegovhina · Bhuritani · Bhurugariya · Cheki · Dhanemaki · Estonia · Furanzi · Holandi · Hlovhakiya · Hlovheniya · Hungariya · Itari · Jojiya · Jerumani · Kazakhistani · Kurohesha · Maruta · Masedhoniya Maodzanyemba · Monako · Monthenegiro · Morudhovha · Musande Marino · Noruweyi · Ostiriya · Polandi · Putugaro · Rakisombhegi · Rativhiya · Rhashiya · Rishenistayini · Ritwaniya · Romania · Saipurasi · Serubhiya · Speini · Swidheni · Turuki · Vhatikani · Vugiriki · Vufini · Vukireni · Vusvwisi · Yerelendi · Yisirandi |
# Rufu

**Rufu** (nge. death) **ndufu** kumira kwekushanda kwe biological function ino raramisa zvipenyu kusingakwanise kudzoswa. Unogona kutsanangurwa uchinzi kumira kwekushanda kwe uropi hwose, kusanganisa stemu ye uropi. Rufu rwe uropi unowanzonzi ndicho chirevo chepamutemo che rufu. Zvisaro zve oganizimu zvinowanzo tanga kudhikompoza mushure merufu. Rufu haukwanise kutizwa pazvinhu zvose zvipenyu.

Pane nguva mbiri chete munhoroondo ye pasirose inonzi vanhu havana kufa, inowanikwa mubhaibheri panyaya ya Henoku (kana Enoku) munwadhi ra Mavambo uye Eriya munwadhi ra 2 Madzimambo. Uye pane nguva imwe chete inonzi munhu akamuka kubva murufu zvachose, munhu iyeye ndi Yeshua. Vamwe vanhu vanonzi vakamuka kubva murufu vakamuka kudzoka murufo (hupenyu hwaizopera zve, kwete we zvachose),

Mushakabvu zvinoreva munhu afa kana akafa kare.

* Rufo (death, mortality).

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

* Chifo (mortality, natural death). Akafa nechifo: he died a natural death.
* Didinya (ideophone of Being completely dead or dying suddenly).
* Kuita Murarira, murarira, kuita murakatira kana murakatira (to dies in large numbers) mazwi anotaura Kuga kwevanhu vakawanda zvakanyanya zvikurusei kufa munzvimbo imwechete sezvakaitika paHondo yePasirose yeChipiri nepaRushigido.

## Tsumo

* Shungu neganyu zvinodzimba wotandadza asi chido chinomusimbisa. Grief and sighing hurt a person in agony while loving compassion strengthens him.
* Rufu haruna nzira. Death has no (defined) path.
* Kufa hakuna gwanza. Death has no path.\*
* Mubayiro wezvivi rufu. The reward of sin is death.
* Rufu runoita wegondo rinotora nhiyo richisiya mai vachichema. Death is like an eagle which takes a chick leaving the mother hen mourning.
* Rufu haruwadzirwi nhoo. For death, no mat is spread.
* Rufu haruwadzirwi bonde. For death, no mat is spread.
* Rufu haruna ishe. Death knows no chief.
* Rufu haruna ndanatsa. Death knows no 'good man'

## Mitauro yeBantu

* MaZulu vanoti **isifo** (1. Disease, sickness; 2. a weakness, a failing) kureva chirwere. VaDigo vanoti **chifo** (death of a person) kureva rufu.
* Zigula inoti **kutowera matanga** (have a funeral for) kureva rufu. Apa **kutowa** zvinoreva **kurova** sekurova bembera; kurova pasi; kurova gusvi.
* Swahili inoti **kifo** (death, dying, manner of death) kureva rufu kana kafiro. VaZigula vanoti **chifo** (death) vachireva rufu.
* Luwanga inoti **liliro** (lamentation, wailing) vachireva kuwungudza. Bambara inoti **sàya** (n. death) kureva kufa.
# Zera re Utare

|

| Zera re Utare |
| --- |
| ↑ Zera re Ndarira |
|

| Nechisi |
| --- |
| * **Chinyakare chechipedyo cheMabvazuva (1200–550 BC)**
	+ Kuwha kwe Zera reNdarira (1200–1150 BC)
	+ Anatoria, Kaukasi, Revanthi
* **Yuropu**
	+ Eegi (1200–700 BC)
	+ Itari (1100–700 BC)
	+ Mabharukani (1100 BC – 150 AD)
	+ Yuropi Mabvazuva (900 – 650 BC)
	+ Yuropu Yepakati (800 – 50 BC)
	+ Hukuru hwe Bhuritani (800 BC – 100 AD)
	+ Yuropu Maodzanyemba (500 BC – 800 AD)
	+ Yuropu Madokero (800 BC – 1 AD)
* **Ezhiya Chamhembe (1200–200 BC) **Ezhiya Chamhembechemabvazuva (1000–200 BC)**
	+ Vhiyetinamu (1000 BC – 200 AD)
	+ Vuthayi (c. 2000 – 100 BC)
	+ Vumalayi (500 BC – 200 AD)
	+ Indonezha (c. 400 BC – 100 AD)
	+ Vufiripina (5 BC – 500 AD)
* **Echiya Mabvazuva (500 BC – 300 AD) **Afurika (2000 BC – 500 AD)**
 |

| Ndaba dzinoenderana |
| --- |
| * Iron Age metallurgy
* Archaeometallurgical slag
 |

 |
| ↓ Nhoroondo ye Chinyakare |

 |

**Zera re Utare** (kureva *iron age; age of iron*) kana **Kati ye Utare**, chinhambo chekupedzisira chemugovano we zera-tatu musurekwenhoroondo ne chimodzanhoroondo che vanhu. Yakateverwa ne Zera re Dombo (Ruparyoliti, Rumesoliti, Runeyoliti, uye Rukaryukoti) uye ne Zera re Ndarira. Zanodzamu iri rakanyanya kushandiswa kuZera reUtare rekuYuropu ne Mabvazuva ePedyo eKare, asi zvakare, nekuenzanisa, nekudzimwe nzvimbo dzeNyika Yekare.
# Karenda ya Gregori

**Karenda ya Gregori** ndiyo karenda inoshandiswa munyika zhinji. Yakatangwa muna Gumiguru 1582 na Pope Gregory XIII sechigadziriso chidiki cheKarenda ya Juriyasi, zvichideredza avhareji yegore kubva pamazuva 365.25 kuenda pamazuva 365.2425, uye kugadzirisa kudonha kwe 'tropical' kana 'solar' gore izvo zvisiri izvo zvakakonzera mukati memazana emakore akatevera.

## Tsananguro yayo

Gore rinoganhurwa mumwedzi gumi ne mbiri| Nu. | Zita | Hurefu hwe mazuva |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | Ndira | 31 |
| 2 | Kukadzi | 28 (29 mumakore rekusvetuka) |
| 3 | Kurume | 31 |
| 4 | Kubvumbi | 30 |
| 5 | Chivabvu | 31 |
| 6 | Chikumi | 30 |
| 7 | Chikunguru | 31 |
| 8 | Nyamavhuvhu | 31 |
| 9 | Gunyana | 30 |
| 10 | Gumiguru | 31 |
| 11 | Mbudzi | 30 |
| 12 | Zvita | 31 |
# Kudzitirwa kwemwedzi

Kudzitirwa kwemwedzi musi waOctober 8, 2014

Kudzitirwa kwemwedzi (eclipse of the moon) zvinoreva kuvhariridzwa kwemwedzi kunoitika kana zuva, Rinopasi, nemwedzi zvanangana zviri pamutsetse wakati twasa; apa Rinopasi rinenge riri pakati pezuva nemwedzi. Chinoitika ndechekuti mwedzi unenge usisa tambire chiedza chinobva kuzuva, chinova icho chinoonekwa sechadzera pakupenya kwemwedzi manheru. Kana zvadaro mwedzi unoenda murima kwechinguvana, kusvika mitumbi mitatu iyi yapesana pasisina kuvharidzirwa kwechiedza chinobva kuzuva chinoita chadzera chinopenyesa mwedzi.

## Kurerutsa Mutauro

Shoko rokuti kudzitirwa (Screened; overshadowed; eclipsed; hidden) rinotaura kuvhariridzwa kwechinhu chinosionekwa nokuda kwechimwe chapinda pakati pemucherechedzi nechinhu chekutanga. Saka pamuenzaniso uri pano mwedzi unodzitirwa neRinopasi kana Rinopasi richinge rapinda pakati pezuva nemwedzi zvichikonzera kuti maranzi ezuva asasvika kumwedzi; izvi zvoreva kuti chadzera chezuva chinosionekwa pamwedzi hachichaonekwe.

## Mitauro yeBantu

* MaZulu vanoti **sitha** (Screen from view, intercept; hide from light, shade; get in the way) vachireva kudzitira.
* MaZulu vanoti **ukusithwa kwenyanga** (the eclipse of the moon) vachireva kudzitwa kwemwedzi kana kudzitirwa kwemwedzi.
* MaZulu vanoti **sithibala** (n. Be overcast, clouded over). Muenzaniso: **Lisithibele namhlanje** (It is overcast to-day) vachireva kwakakwidibira nhasi.
* MaZulu vanoti **ilisitha** kana **amasitha** (n. Seclusion; private place.).