# Zvechadenga

Zvidzidzo Zvechadenga (nge. *astronomy*) kana **Upanganyedzi** zvinodzidza nokutsanangura pamusoro pemitumbi iri muchadenga inosanganisira: zuva; nyeredzi; nyenyedzi nedzimwe mhando dzemitumbi inowanikwa muchadenga. Upanganyeredzi chidzidzo cheguruzivo yezvokusiwa inodhoma zviro zverudenga uye zviyahwa zvinoitika murhadenga. Inoshandisa masvomhu, fundoyetsimba, ne chemushonga kuitira kuti pave nemutsananguro wemavambo uye chishanduko wezviro zverudenga. Zviro zvekufunga nezvazvo, zvindeya, mwedzi, nyeredzi, zvamupfunga, mizvcazi, masvosvobwauzuru, mabwendeya uye zvimuswenyedzi. Zviyahwa zvinebasa kuzivikanwa zvinosanganisa kuputika kwe zvamudhuvhuranyedzi, kudhuvhuka kwe maranzi egama, makweza, bhureza, purusa uye unye wechemashure chemaikorowevhi yechirhadenga. Zvepamazuvaose, upanganyeredzi chidzidzo chezvose zvinonzwisiswa kuva kunze kwejingamweya reRinopasi. Unenarhadenga chimwe chikamu chinoita nezvokudhoma kwerudunhumwe hwose.

## Kuumba mutauro

Mashoko ari pazasi ndeekuzama ekuvumba mutauro, uye akavambwa kutodza mashoko agere ariko kuChishona, kana paine mamwe mashoko anokwaniswa kuturikirwa pamusoro peaya, ngaaiswe.

Mamwe mashoko akanyorwa agere avekushandiswa pawikipidhiya kare, asanganiswa kuti azivikanwe uye nekuti mamwe ashandiswa kusika mashoko matsva.

| Shoko | Mavambwo | KuChingezi |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Guruzivo | Kureva Ruzivo rukuru, kutodza Chirevo che 'science' | science |
| Chamushana, Chazuva | -mushana, -zuva | solar |
| Chamwedzi | -mwedzi | lunar |
| Chanyedzi | -nyedzi kubva pakuti nyenyedzi | stellar |
| Chadenga | -denga | space; outer-space |
| Chazuru | -zuru, kuzuru |  |
| Chindeya |  | planet |
| Chindeyana | chindeya + chivakamberi -na
(baby planet essentially) | Dwarf planet |
| Rudunhumwe | Dunhu + imwe | Universe |
| Rhadenga | -denga | Cosmos |
| Muzvcazi | Rimwe zita re Gwararakurumbi, kuChingova mutauronyina weChikaranga. | galaxy |
| Gwararakurumbi, Gwararezhou | Iri izita ragara riripo kubva kare. | Milky Way |
| Unganyeredzi | kuunga- + -nyeredzi | constellation |
| - | hatomu, atoma, atomo | atom |
| Mheo | Kutodza mheu, mhewu kureva chiro chidoko. | particle |
| - | morekyuri, morikuru | molecule |
| Mhodzigetsi | Rigere rave kushandiswa. Rakavambwa richisanganisa mhodzi + magetsi | electron |
| - | Iri rakavambwa kutodza: darara (positive) bari/sase (spark)
Kana Darara (positive) + ito (energy) : "positive spark/energy' | proton |
| - | Iri rakavambwa kutodza: Bari/Sase (spark) + Njee (general)
Kana Ito (energy) + Njee (general) : "Neutral spark/energy, general spark" | neutron |
| Sebhe |  | matter |
| Gunganidzo / Gwevakutsi |  | gravity |
| Huremu / Ndemu |  | mass |
| Svosvobwauzuru | Iri rakavambwa kutodza shoko rigere ririko kuChivanhu *svosvobwa* kureva "shooting star" (meteor kuGuruzivo) nekusanganisa *uzuru* (above).
Nekuti *meteoroid* ichiro chinenge chichiuruka chichiri muchadenga. | Meteoroid |
| Svosvobwa | Zita ragara richishandisirwa nyeredzi inouruka - meteor, shooting star.
Nekuti *meteor* i-*meteoroid* ravekupinda muJingamweya reRinopasi richibvira. | Meteor |
| Svosvobwaunda | Rakasanganisa: svosvobwa + unda (land)
Nekuti *meteorite* i-*meteor* rinenge rawa kupinda muRinopasi. | Meteorite |
| Ribwendeya / Chibwendeya | Rakavambwa kusanganisa: ibwe (stone) -ndeya (planet)
Nekuti *asteroid*, chiro chemabwe kana simbi chinenge chindeya asi hachizadzisi zvinodingwa kuti rinzi chindeya. | Asteroid |
| Chimuswenyedzi | Rakavambwa kutodza chirevo che *comet* ("tailed star") kumitauro zhinji pasirose. Ndikosaka pasanganiswa muswe + nyenyedzi kuvamba *Chimuswenyedzi* | Comet |
| Rifanadzvanyedzi | Rakavambwa pachisanganiswa: kufanana- + idzva + nyenyedzi kusika chifanadzvanyedzi ("like a new star").
Nekuti, *nova* inyeredzi inongotanga bwibwinya zvikurusa sokunge nyeredzi idzva yozotanga kudzora mwenje wayo pekare. | Nova, novae |
| Chamudhuvhuranyedzi | Ravambwa pachisanganiswa: kudhuvhura + nyenyedzi ("bursting star")
Nekuti *supernova* inovambwa paye panoputika (kana kudhuvhuka nekumwe kutaura) nyeredzi ichi-"fa". | Supernova |
| **Chamupfunga** | Ravambwa ichitodza chirevo che *nebula* ("vapour, mist, fog, exhale") mupfunga, befu, mhute, mvima zvichidero.
Ndikokuzonzi "chamupfunga". | Nebula |
| Gumbanyedzi | Ravambwa pachisanganiswa: gumbanidza + nyenyedzi.
Nekuti *asterism* zvinoreva boka renyeredzi rinogona kuvoneka pateni. | Asterism |
| Boterero | Rigere rave kushandiswa. | Orbit |
| Chidenengwa | Sezvakakarakadzwa chemushure: kudenenga.
Nekuti *satellite* chinhu chinoiswa kuti chifambaire muchadenga chichishandiswa kuwana horokodzwa. | Satellite |
| Rivusamatenga (Yuranisi) | Ravambwa nekusanganisa mashoko okuti: kuvusa + matenga, zvichitodza chirevo kumitauro zhinji yepasirose.
Nekuti *Uranus* ainge asina zita kuVashona nechikonzero chekuti chindeya chirikure chinovonekwa se do riungu neziso, asi chinogona kungovoneka senyeredzi basi.
Zita Rivusamatenga ("governor of the above/heavens"). | Uranus |
| Nyn'aimamushana / Nyavusamadzi | Ravambwa pachisanganiswa mashoko okuti: Kunyn'aima, Kun'aima uye Kubwima + mushana, ndikokusika "Nyn'aimamushana" ('(one who) shines the sun's light).
Nekuti *Neptune* kunyangwe chiricho chindeya chirikure nezuva chichiwana mushana ushoma chinouhwitudza nekuda kwe-methane iri mujingamweya rayo richikonzeresa kuti ipenye. Iri iqiniso (ndakanganwa *fact* paChishona chamazuva ose) rinodakadza vafundi veGuruzivo kuriziva. Saka rakanaka kuriturikira sezita re Chindeya ichi. Pamusoro pezvo izita rinopembera mabhii eChishona *nyn'a* anoshandiswa kangani mumashoko amazuva ose?
Rimwe zita rinogona kuva *Nyavusamadzi* kutodza chirevo chemimwe mitauro zvose neChingezi (governor of the waters), apa rinosanganisa kuvusa (to govern) + madzi (mvura kuChihwesa). | Neptune |
| Njondi | Ravambwa kutodza chirevo che zita rokuti *Pluto* ("wealthy one") kwete munhu waive nezita ro, kuChivanhu cheAfurika tinotenda kuti zita rinoporofita. Njondi abva pakuti Njonda ("wealthy man").
Rimwe zita raigona kuva Wemafo/Nyazarima (nekuti Pluto aive Ishe werufu, asi sezvareviwa mazita kuChivanhu anoporofita. | Pluto |
| Chirisa | Ravambwa kubva pakuti kuchiridza/kuchirisa kureva "to nourish, provide for", zvichitodza chirevo cha *Ceres* "nourishment". Zvanakira kuti shoko iri kuChishona rinotanga na C zvekare. | Ceres |
| Ẋaumeya / Hẋaumeya | Harina kushandugwa kakuru, rangonyorwa nebhii rakasiyana, **Ẋ** na **H** anopesaniswa kazhinji harani = xarani, hede = hxede. | Haumea |
| Makemake | Zvimwechete nezita. | Makemake |
| Herisi | Sezita | Eris |
| 90377 Sanha | Kutodza zita 'Sanna'. | Sedna, Sanna |
| 50000 Kwawowa | Kutodza zita 'Quaoar' | Quaoar |
| 90482 Shoromi | Zita ra *Orcus* rinotdza *Pluto*, saka ndizvo zvimwe Njonda ne Shoroma zvakafanana, saka Orcus anzi Shoromi. | Orcus |
| 225088 Gon'on'u |  | Gongong |
| 120347 Dzai | Salacai zvinoreva "salt" | Salacia |
| Nhanganyedzi | kutanga = nhanga- + nyenyedzi | Protostar |
| Nyedzana | Nyenyedzi + ana | Dwarf star |
| Zinyedzi | Chivakashure zi- + nyenyedzi | Giant star |
| Zigurunyedzi | ziguru + nyenyedzi | Supergiant star |
| Chazvuvarima (*uwandu* Zvazvuvarima) | Rakavambwa kubva pana kuzvuva uye rima; (a drawing darkness; a pulling darkness)
Nekuti *Black hole* rinozvuva zvinhu mukati maro nekuti kwekuva ne sebhe yakasimba uye hapana chinokwanisa kupukunyuka kubva mairi.  | Black hole |
| Gwevamasiku | nderekare | Sirius |
| Rinyanga | nderekare | Canopus |

## Chizivo