# Upangamutowo

*Peji rinori ndere Upangamutowo muRuambamhenyu, tarisai peji re Upangamutowo pacharo*

Panguro ye upango we ruambamhenyu, pane mareniki makuru eupangamutowo makuru masere. Chiara hachina mavuso rimwe kana maviri.
Muruambamhenyu, **upangamutowo** (kuChingezi: *taxonomy*) kana **upangamtowo** inziri ye sainzi yekutumidza, kupachirevo uye kupanga mapoka eungambari reruambamhenyu kuchishandiswa vumiro anogovanwa. Maungambari anoiswa muboka rerutoo (*taxa*) (vurutoo (*taxon*) pacharo), uye mapoka aya anopihwa reniki ye upangamutowo; maboka akapihwa reniki anogona kuunganidzwa kuti aumbe boka riri wedzera nereniki kuru, saka panobva pasikwa upangamutowo wekuringanisa. Mareniki e purinzipari munhasi anosanganisa chiara -> muvuso -> faramu (*Patsanuro* inowanzo shandiswa mubhotanika munzvimbo yeFaramu) -> musaku -> raya -> mhuri -> mbari -> rudzi.

Upangamtowo wanhasi wakasikwa ne mubhotanika wechiSwidhishi anonzi Carl Linnaeus, akasika reniki yemutandira inozivikanwwa kunzi Upangamotowo waLinnaean, yeku ganha maungambari uye chizita-piri *nomeclature* chekutumidza maungambari.

## Zita

**Vambo re shoko**

Muruambamhenyu, *taxonomy* (kubva kuChigiriki τάξις *( taxis )*  'kuronga; kupanga', uye -νομία *( -nomia )*  'mutowo') ndiko kudzidza kwesainzi kwekutumidza mazita, kutsanangura ( kudzingisa) uye kupatsanura mapoka ezvisikwa zvipenyu zvinoenderana nehunhu hwakagovaniswa.

* Kupangura  (arrangement; classification)
	+ Hupango mu sainzi (scientific classification)
* Mutowo  (method)
* Upangamutowo (taxonomy - arrangement method)
* Patsanuro (division)

**Kupiwa kwe zita**

Zvichiendererana nepeji re Upangandimo, chivakamberi chekuti *-nomy* mu Chingezi, chivakashure chinonzi **Upanga** muChishona.

## Hupango

*Tarisai futi peji re Hupango mu sainzi*

### Hupenyu

*Tarisai futi peji re Hupenyu*

Hupenyu (life)

### Chiara

*Tarisai futi peji re Chiara*

**Chiara** (*domain*) kana **dhomeni** kutora shoko reChingezi, ilevel inoshandiswa muruambamhenyu kupatsanura zvinhu zvipenyu mumapoka. Chiara chimwe ne chimwe chinopatsanurwa muzvibwami (*empires*) akasiyana. Chiara ndiro reniki kuru re maungambari echiara chemutandira cheutatu, che upangamutowo wakasikwa na Carl Woese (muna 1990.) Chimwe chekuziva ndechekuti, zvichienderana nemutandira, muti we upenyu unosanganisa zviara zvitaura: Arukeya (*archaea*) zvichienderana neshoko reChigiriki ἀρχαῖα (arkhaîa), Utachiwona (*bacteria*), and Yukeriya (*eukarya*).

### Muvuso

*Tarisai futi peji re Muvuso*

Muvuso ishoko rishikushandiswa kumirira *kingdom* mu ruambamhenyu muChishona. Muvuso uri pareniki yechipiri mu upangamutowo, pazasi pechiara. Mavuso akapatsanurwa mu mapoka madiki anonzi Faramu. Muchinyakare, mamwe manwadhi echikoro, e kuAmerika ne Kanadha aishandisa mutandira we mavuso manhanhatu; Umhuka (*animalia*), Udzinde (*plantae*), chahuvhe (*fungi*), purotista (*protista*), Arukeya (*archaea*), utachiwona (*bacteria*), asi manwadhi echikoro e kuBhuritani, Indiya, Girisi, Bhuraziri ne dzimwe nyika aive ne mavuso mashanu basi (Umhuka, Udzinde, Chahuvhe, Purotista ne Monera)

### Faramu

*Tarisai futi peji re Faramu*

Faramu (phylum)

### Musaku

*Tarisai futi peji re Musaku*

Musaku (class)

### Raya

*Tarisai futi peji re Raya*

Raya (order)

### Mhuri

*Tarisai futi peji re Mhuri*

Mhuri (family)

### Mbari

*Tarisai futi peji re Mbari*

Mbari (genus)

### Rudzi

*Tarisai futi peji re Rudzi*

Rudzi (species)

## Shoko rekuti reniki

*Tarisai futi peji re reniki*

Shoko rekuti reniki ririkutorwa kubva kuChingezi nemitauro yakashandiswa kusika mutauro wacho, riri kushandiswa kumirira shoko rekuti '*rank*'. Shoko iri rasarudzwa kuitira kuti risa sanganiswe nemamwe mashoko emitauro ye Chishona.

Shoko rekuti *rengi* kana *rhengi* rambofungwa asi rakafananisa neshoko rekuti 'rangi', rinoshandiswa kumirira '*chroma*' - iro shoko rekuti rangi rakabva kumitauro yeChibantu, uye rinoshandiswa kuti shoko rekuti *colour* ne *chromatics* - ese anomirira 'ruvara' muChishona, asi kuti akwaniswe kusiyaniswa shoko rekuti rangi rakatorwa.

* Richibva kuChingezi chePakati *rank* (“strong, proud”), kubva kuChingezi chekare *ranc* (“proud, haughty, arrogant, insolent, forward, overbearing, showy, ostentatious, splendid, bold, valiant, noble, brave, strong, full-grown, mature”), kubva kuChiproto-Madokero Jemeni *\*rank*, kubva ku Chiproto-Jemeni *\*rankaz* (“straight”), kubva kuChiproto Indo-Yuropu *\*h₃reǵ-* (“straight, direct”). Zvichiendera na neChidhachi *rank* (“slender, slim”), uye Chijemini chakadzika *rank* (“slender, projecting, lank”), Chidhenishi *rank* (“straight, erect, slender”), Chiswidhishi *rank* (“slender, shaky, wonky”), Chiaisirendi *rakkur* (“straight, slender, bold, valiant”).

## Mamwe mapeji ekutarisa

* Kupatsanura zvipenyu (Biological classification kana taxonomy)
* Hupango mu Sainzi (Scientific classification)
* Reniki ye upangamutowo (Taxonomix rank)

## Mabviro eruzivo