# Nguva

**Nguva** (nge. *time, duration*) kana **nguwa** ienderero ye chamuteverano che vuzima uye zviitiko zvinoitika murondo rwusingakunukudzwe kubva murukare, muruzvino uye muramangwana. Chisanganiswa chehuwandu hwe zvipimo zvakasiyana zvinoshandiswa kutevedza zviitiko, kuenzanisa nguva-inotorwa ye zviitiko kana maindavhoro aripakati pawo, uye kukwandifaya rheti ye shanduko ye huwandu hwemumtumbi pavudi kana murupepuko rwe itiko. Nguva inowanzo dudzwa se utandu una, pamwe ne utandu unhatu we chadenga.

Nguva yagarisa iri nhauro yakakosha ye kudzidza muchinamato, ugondamano uye sainzi, asi kuipa chirevo munzira inopinda mundimafundo dzose pasina chirevo chinozivikwana kwakakonzera kukanganisa vafundi (maskola). Zvakadaro, ndimafundo dzakasiyana senge bhizimusi, hushangazhi, maspoti, masainzi, uye zviseza zvokupefoma zvinosanganisa nosheni yenguva mumitandira ye kupima yazvo.

Nguva inopimwa nezviyero zvinonzi: chepiri (s), mhindi (mhin), rinhambo (nh). Musi umwe une mamanhambo makumi maviri nemana (24 hr). Rinhambo rimwe rine makumi matanhatu emhindi. Mhindi rimwe rine makumi matanhatu echepiri.

* Kudzamara, dzamara, kudzimara, kudzingara - ishoko rinotaurwa kurevera chinhu chiri kuitwa iko zvino chichizomira kana kushanduka kana imwe nguva yasvika. Somuenzaniso - ticharima dhunduru rekumadokero kudzamara zuva ravira. Ticharamba tichifamba kudzamara tasvika pane misha.
* Metsa ishoko reChindau rinofanana nokuti kudzamara. Sokuti metsa nhasi zvinoreva kuti kusvika nhasi. Metsa auye kureva kudzamara auye.
* *Rute 1:19*, Ndizvo vairi ava vakaenda metsa vaguma Bhetherehema: So the two of them went on until they came to Bethlehem. (kubva muBhaibheri reChiNdau )

* Mhindi (Short space of time).
* Kamukowoko, kamukuwo kana chinguva (Instant. Moment. 2. Short space of time).
* Kutunha, kutunhidzira kana kutunhiridza (postpone) apa kureva kushandudza chiitiko chakatarwa nguva yacho kuti chichifamba panguva iri mberi.

* Chigu (temporary thing).
* Chingo, chinguri kana chiko (Since). Chingo ndakabarwa handisati ndambosvika kuMavhuradonha.
* Nhasi (today) izwi rinoreva zuva rino ratiri kana musi uno watiri. KuChiNdau inoti nyamashi.

## Nguva ye Chishona

|  |
| --- |
| nguva pa wachi | Chishona | nguva pa wachi | Chishona | Nguva pa wachi (inogona kuva iyi futi) |
| Kuseniseni |
| 4:00am – 4:59am | mambamkwedza; mashambanzou | ante meridiem; AM | kuseni (ksn) | 4:00ksn – 4:59ksn |
| 5:00am – 5:59am | runyanhiriri; mafuramhembwe | kumashure kwemasikati | mm?; km? | 5:00ksn – 5:59ksn |
| Mangwanani |
| 6:00am – 9:59am | rudziyamushana; rudziyakamwe |  |  | 6:00ksn – 9:59ksn |
| 10:00am – 11:59am | rurovanhongonya |  |  | 10:00ksn – 11:59ksn |
| Masikati |
| 12:00pm – 14:59pm | masikati | post meridiem; PM | msk (masikati) | 12:00msk – 14:59msk |
| 15:00pm – 16:59pm | madeukira [madekwana] |  |  | 15:00msk – 16:59msk |
| Madeko |
| 17:00pm – 17:59pm | rukunzvikunzvi |  | mdk (madekwa) | 17:00mdk – 17:59mdk |
| 18:00pm – 18:59pm | rufuramhembwe [manhoko] |  | mnh (manheru) | 18:00mdk – 18:59mdk |
| Manheru |
| 19:00pm – 19:59pm | ruvhunzavaeni |  |  | 19:00mdk – 19:59mdk |
| Usiku |
| 20:00pm – 3:59am | usiku |  |  | 20:00mdk – 3:59ksn |

### Nguva dze mangwanani

* Kumashure kwe masikati (mm) - haakwanise kushandiswa nekuti zvinopokana ne milimita.
* Kumashure kwe masikati (km) - inopokana ne kiromita.
* Kumashure kwe masikati (ms) - inopokana ne mili sekondi.
* KSN - ari kubva pakuti "kuseni", saka panonzi 6am toniti matanhatu ekuseni (6ksn)

### Nguva dze masikati

* MSK - ari kubva pakuti "masikati", saka panonzi 12pm tinoti maguminembiri emasikati (12msk).
* MDK- ari kubva pakuti "madekwa", saka panonzi 6pm tinoti matanhatu emadekwa (6mdk)
	+ shoko rokuti madekwa rakajairika vanhu vazhinji vanoritaura pavanenge vachitaura nezve nguva ngunyangwe munziyo. 6 dzemadekwa, 9 dzemadekwa.
* MNH - ari kubva pakuti "manheru", saka panonzi 6pm tinoti matanhatu emanheru (6mnh)

## Kuwerenga nguva

### Rinhambo / Awa

Nhambo irimwe shoko reShona rinoreva kunguva, rinoshandiswa kutaura zvikamu zvenguva, kana tichitodza Chingezi tinoti *awa*.

### Mamhindi / Mamineti

Mhindi ishoko rechishona rinoreva nguva pfupi, uye nekumwe kutaura tinoti *mineti* zve tichitodza Chingezi.

### Zvepiri / Masekondi

Chepiri ndiro shoko rinoshandiswa kureva masekondi kuChishona, nekumwe kutaura tinoti Chinguva.

### Zvidimbu / Hafu

Chidimbu zvinoreva chikamu kana chikamu chepakati neChishona, nepamusaka pekushandisa Chingezi vanhu vanoti hafu zve.

### Zvipandi / Kota

Chipandi ishoko rechishona rinozvikamu zvina, kana kota tichitodza Chingezi pekare.

## Zvinyorwa zve chidzidzo

### Mwero wenguva

* Chitima chinosvika nechido: the train arrives on time.
* Mangwana kana hwedza (tomorrow).
* Hwedza Mangwanani (Tomorrow Morning).
* Hwedza Mauro (Tomorrow Evening).
* Kuswera mangwana (day after tomorrow).
* Kuswera Zuro kana marimwe zuro (day before yesterday).
* Masikati kana sikati (daytime) apa kureva nguva yokunge kunze kwakachena.
* Mambakwedza kana marirakwedza (dawn of day) apa kureva chifumo chezuva.
* Utonga kana utongwa hwakatsvuka (first glow).
* Mukore (period of history).
* Mukuwo (time, period?) Tarisa *Esther 8:9* muBhaibheri reChiNdau.
* Nhaka (this year) zvichireva gore rino. Nhaka tinonzwaririra: gore rino tinonzwaririra. Tinokwanisa kutura tichiti nhaka uno kana nhaka rino.
* Izwi rokuti chibaka (time) rinotaurwa kuKalanga richireva nguva. Zvichida iwi iri rinotodzana nezita rinonzi Chiwaka?
* Izwi rokuti chimuka (following day) rinotaurwa kuKalanga richireva mangwana.

### Kurerutsa Mutauro

* Mati sekuru vachasvika nhamboi?
* Mugarakare (Object that has lasted long, or will last long, or has been a long time in its present position).
* Hunderere, hunyata, kana tsva-a (ideo of Growing dark at dusk). Kunze kwava kuti hunderere: dusk is falling.
* Apo nyika ichindoripo mukuwo wokukusha nokukukura, kutonhora nokupisha, chirimo nechando, masikati nousiku azvizokoreri, *Genesis 8:23* (kubva muBhaibheri reChiNdau).
* Chinguri ndamuka handina kumbobuda panze.
* Chiko ndakabarwa handisati ndamboona nzunza.
* Chingo chandapinda handisati ndaonana naChiremba.

### Tsumo

* Zuva ravira radoka usiku hahuriri shiri. After sunset, it dawns (already); birds do not sing at night.
* Pasi mupindu panopinduka. The world is liable to change, it changes.

### Mashoko ashandiswa

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | chamuteverano (sequence) |  | itiko (experience, qualia) |  | ndimafundo (field of study) |
|  | mtumbi pavudi (material reality) |  | utandu una (fourth dimension) |  |  |
|  | indavhoro (interval) |  | utandu utatu we chadenga (three-dimensional space) |  |  |
|  | rupepuko (conscious) |  | chadenga (space) |  |  |

## Mitauro ye Chibantu

* Mang'anja inoti ntawi (n. time) kureva nguva. Nyungwe inoti nthawe (time) kureva nguva. Kagulu inoti chigele (time).
* Zigula neDigo inoti chipindi (awhile, while, time, channel, episode; Period of time) kureva nhambwe yenguva. Yao inoti katema (time, occasion, season, date).
* Nyanja inoti bindikiza (n. to be permanent). Shambala inoti minga (n. time) kureva nguva. Kinande inoti endambi (time) kureva nguva.
* Makua inoti okathi (n. time) kureva nguva. Ndebele inoti isikathi. Luganda inoti mlundi (a time) kureva chinguva. Kinande inoti -tambi (time, duration) kureva nhambo.
* Luganda inoti milundi mingi (often) kureva nguva zhinji. VaZigula inoti ntambo ino (this time). Mamwe mazwi: ntambo ntuhu (next time). Muda kana mwida (period).

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