# Gautama Buddha

| Gautama Buddha |
| --- |
| गौतम बुद्ध |
| Sculpture of the Buddha preaching his first sermon from Sarnath, 5th century CE |
| Other names | *Gautama Buddha* *Shakyamuni* (lit. 'Sage of the Shakyas') |
| Personal |
| Born | Siddhartha Gautama c. 563 or 480 BCE Lumbini, Shakya Republic (according to Buddhist tradition) |
| Died | c. 483 or 400 BCE (aged 80) Kushinagar, Malla Republic (according to Buddhist tradition) |
| Resting place | Cremated; ashes divided among followers |
| Spouse | Yaśodharā |
| Children | Rāhula |
| Parents | * Śuddhodana (father)
* Maha Maya (mother)
 |
| Known for | Founder of Buddhism |
| Other names | *Gautama Buddha* *Shakyamuni* (lit. 'Sage of the Shakyas') |
| Senior posting |
| Predecessor | Kāśyapa Buddha |
| Successor | Maitreya |
|  |
|  |
| Sanskrit name |
| Sanskrit | *Siddhārtha Gautama* |
| Pali name |
| Pali | *Siddhattha Gotama* |
|  |
|  |

A statue of the Buddha
**Siddhartha Gautama** (c. 563 BC - c. 483 BC) was an ancient Indian Philosopher and the founder of Buddhism. He is better known by the title **the Buddha** which means "Fully Awakened One".

He is also called **Shakyamuni Buddha.** This is because he was the sage of the Śākyan clan.

## Early years

He was born as a prince in Lumbini in a region of what is now the country Nepal in a Shakya Kingdom. About 2600 years ago, a clan called the Shakyas ruled the city of Kapilavastu. His father was a ruler named Shuddhodana, his mother was named Maya. Maya died when Siddhartha was about 7 days old. His father raised him in a very peaceful way. There were home tutors for him but he was not interested in the outward things that took place at that time. Siddhartha lived in luxury. His father kept trouble and hard work away from him. A seer said that if Siddhartha stayed inside his palace his whole life, he would become a great king. However, if he left the palace, then he would become a great religious leader. The king did not want his son to become a religious leader. He kept Siddhartha in the palace for his entire childhood.

When Siddhartha turned 16 years old, his father found a woman for him to marry. Siddhartha married a woman named Yashodhara. They had a son named Rahula. Siddhartha had everything he could want, but he was not happy. He wanted to learn about life outside his palace.

Legend says that he got out of the castle against the orders of his father. He saw the *"Four Great Sights"*: They were an old man, a sick man, a dead man, and a holy man with no home.

Siddhartha left his family, his land and everything else at the age of 29. He left his kingdom to travel in the rest of the Indian subcontinent. He wanted to be a mendicant (a wandering ascetic). In time, he became a religious leader for the people.

## Seeking

Many holy men in ancient India at this time were *ascetics*. They hurt their bodies for religious reasons. They abstain from certain pleasures so they can get rid of desire. They practiced self-denial and made themselves suffer very much. They believed this would free the ātman (soul) from pain and sadness. There were also many types of ascetic mendicants (wanderers). Siddhartha tried these ascetic practices and meditation techniques, and eventually became better than his teachers. He still found no answer, so he left his teachers and friends to discover another way. He decided to eat only six grains of rice a day. He tried holding his breath. His body became very thin, like skin and bones, and he nearly died. Still, he had no answer.

Siddhartha began to think again about this path. He recalled sitting under a roseapple tree as a boy, and reaching a profound happy peaceful state. He thought this memory might point to a better way than hurting himself. He accepted a meal of milk-rice so he would have strength to make focussed effort. He found a fig tree (now called the *Bodhi tree*) and decided to meditate beneath it. He promised himself that he would not leave this spot until he had found *enlightenment*. He meditated under the tree (some say for 49 days). His mind is said to have become pure, and then--after a total of six years practicing--he became enlightened. He was now the Buddha the Fully Awakened

## His life as a Buddha

Sarnath (also known as "Deer Park") is where the Buddha first taught
When the Buddha became *enlightened*, he found the answer to *suffering*, and he knew how to defeat *suffering*. This answer was called the Four Noble Truths. He was not sure if he should teach his new ideas or not. He asked himself if the world was ready for such a deep teaching. But in the end, he decided to travel to a town called Sarnath to teach the people his new way. He taught about the Four Noble Truths and the Noble Eightfold Path. The people listened to him.

When he taught, he did not pretend to be a god. He said he was just a man who had found the meaning of life (enlightenment), and that any person can also find the meaning of life. For the rest of his life, he walked all over what is now Southern Nepal and parts of India to teach people what he believed. He started a *Sangha*, which is a group of Buddhist monks and nuns. Many people became enlightened because of him. At the age of 80, after 45 years teaching the Four Noble Truths, Gautama Buddha died.

## The life teachings

| **Buddhism**
 |
| --- |
| **Basic terms** |
| * Three Jewels
* Four Noble Truths

---

* + Dukkha Suffering
	+ Samudaya Cause of Suffering
	+ Nirodha Cessation of Suffering
	+ Magga Noble Eight Fold Path
* Buddhahood
* Enlightenment
* Nirvana
 |
| **People** |
| * Gautama Buddha
* Dalai Lama
* Bodhisattva
* Sangha
 |
| **Schools** |
| * Theravada
* Mahayana
	+ Zen
* Vajrayana
	+ Nyingma
	+ Kagyu
	+ Sakya
	+ Gelug
 |
| **Practices** |
| * Dharma study
* Noble Eightfold Path
* Meditation
* Chanting
* Metta
 |
| This box: * view
* talk
* edit
 |

The teachings of the Buddha are known as *Buddhism*. Buddhism is mostly about ending the feeling of pain that all people feel inside. Gautama Buddha taught that old age, sickness, death and suffering is a part of everyone's life. He taught that pain is caused by craving. And he showed that there is a way to end craving and end suffering by doing good things, not doing bad things, and training one's mind. When a person is able to perfect these qualities, they will gain *enlightenment*.

Buddhism teaches non-harm and balance – not going too far one way or the other. The Buddha taught people to meditate while sitting in the lotus position or when standing, sitting, walking, or lying down. The Buddha urged his followers to remember the Teachings, and ask questions. Some Buddhists chant (which was a way to remember and preserve the Teachings). Buddhists sometimes do these things to understand the human heart and mind. Sometimes they do these things to understand the way the world works. Sometimes they do these things to find peace.

The Buddha taught that people should not look to gods to save them or bring them enlightenment. The gods may have power over world events and they might help people, or they might not. But Buddha believed that it is up to each person to become enlightened.

## Related pages

* Buddhism
* Buddha
* *Seokbosangjeol*

## Other websites

* A page about inspiring life story, famous tales, and timeless teachings of Gautama Buddha in Hindi.
* A page about the Buddha's Life
* A page about the Buddha and Buddhism
* The Buddhist's Resource - A public resource of Buddhist prayers and chants Archived 2013-04-25 at the Wayback Machine