Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Walter Scott

| Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet |
| --- |
| Raeburn's portrait of Sir Walter Scott in 1822. |
| Born | 15 August 1771 College Wynd, Edinburgh, Scotland |
| Died | 21 September 1832(1832-09-21) (aged 61) Abbotsford, Roxburghshire, Scotland |
| Occupation | * Historical novelist
* Poet
* + Advocate
* Sheriff-Depute
* Clerk of Session
 |
| Nationality | Scottish |
| Alma mater | University of Edinburgh |
| Literary movement | Romanticism |
| Spouse | Charlotte Carpenter (Charpentier) |
|

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| Signature |  |

The Scott Monument, Edinburgh
**Sir Walter Scott, 1st Baronet**, FRSE (15 August 1771 – 21 September 1832) was a Scottish historical novelist, playwright, and poet, widely popular in the first half of the 19th century.

Scott was the first English-language author to have a truly international career in his lifetime. As adventures, *Ivanhoe*, and *Rob Roy* are very well-known, and both were made into films. *Waverley* is important because it is the first historical novel. It was, for most readers, their first encounter with Highland culture. Scott wove together history and fiction. What he started with *Waverley*, he continued with his other novels.

Scott wrote very many books. Though many of his works are little read now, they sold well in their day, and paid for his great house, Abbotsford. Of his poetry *The Lady of the Lake* is best liked.

Scott was also an advocate, judge and legal administrator by profession. Throughout his career he combined his writing and editing work with his daily occupation as Clerk of Session and Sheriff-Depute of Selkirkshire.

A prominent member of the Tory establishment in Edinburgh, Scott was an active member of the Highland Society and served a long term as President of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1820–32).

## Education and early life

Scott was educated at Edinburgh High and the University of Edinburgh, graduating in 1783. After spending some time in his father's office he became a barrister in 1792. In 1797 he married Charlotte Charpentier and in 1799 was appointed deputy Sheriff of Selkirkshire. He now began to write books in earnest.
In 1821 he was made a baronet. His house is now a public museum visited by many tourists each year.

### Financial problems and death

In 1825 and 1826, a banking crisis swept through the cities of London and Edinburgh. The Ballantyne printing business, in which he was heavily invested, crashed. Scott was ruined. He placed his house and income in a trust belonging to his creditors, and set out to write his way out of debt.

He kept up his huge output of fiction, as well as producing a biography of Napoleon Bonaparte. By 1831 his health was failing. Still, he did a grand tour of Europe, where he was welcomed wherever he went. He returned to Scotland and, in September 1832, died at Abbotsford, near Melrose in the Roxburghshire. Though he died owing money, his novels continued to sell well. The debts of his estate were eventually discharged.
# Technocracy

**Technocracy** is a government by scientific method and controlled by technical people. These people include engineers, (who make, build, and maintain engines, machines, public works, and other technologies). "Technocrats" want to improve social and political problems based on technical and "scientific" (technological) solutions. They promise to help solve these problems concerning industries (big business), trade, and how to create and distribute wealth using scientific management. A method of study that uses time and motion to work out the most efficient ways to do something, mainly repeated, routine motions. The man that made the theory of Scientific Management was named Frederick W. Taylor.

However, Scientific Management was still trying to fix social and political problems with technical solutions. Many of the technological solutions may have solved one problem, while creating many more. Technocrats believed that management could replace politics. Administration is based on the application of rules that make certain outcomes, there are too many different points of view for the management approach to work.

## Related pages

* Meritocracy
# Hexapoda

| Hexapoda |
| --- |
|  |
| A wasp |
| Scientific classification  |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| *Clade*: | Allotriocarida |
| Subphylum: | Hexapoda Latreille, 1825 |
| Subdivisions |
| * Class Insecta (insects)
* Class Entognatha
	+ Order Collembola
	+ Order Protura
	+ Order diplura
 |

The subphylum **Hexapoda**, meaning "six legs", is the largest group of arthropods. It includes the insects and three much smaller groups of arthropods without wings: Collembola, Protura, and Diplura.

All of these were once called insects. It seems they are polyphyletic, and evolved independently from each other. In other words, hexapoda is composed from the insects and the Entognatha. *Hexapods* are so called because they have a thorax with three pairs of legs. Most other arthropods have more than three pairs of legs.

Alternatively, the Hexapoda could be eliminated because they are polyphyletic, the Insecta promoted to sub-phylum, and the minor groups become *incertae sedis*. This is a Latin term meaning "of uncertain placement" and used for a taxonomic group when its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.
# Constitution of San Marino

| Constitution of San Marino |
| --- |
| Created | Gradually codified from the 13th to 17th centuries |
| Ratified | 1600 (as a comprehensive legal framework) |
| System | Constitutional republic |
| Government structure |
| Branches | Executive, Legislative, Judicial |
| Last amended | Various amendments |
| Location | San Marino |
| Author(s) | Compilation of historic statutes and laws |
| Signatories | Representatives of the Republic of San Marino |

The **Constitution of San Marino** consists of a series of legal documents and statutes developed over centuries. It forms the legal and political foundation of the Republic of San Marino. It is regarded as one of the world’s oldest constitutions still in effect. The foundational document, known as the "Statutes of 1600," codifies various laws and principles that are essential to the governance of the republic, some of which date back to as early as the 13th century.

## Historical background

The development of San Marino’s constitution began in the 13th century when the republic started formalizing its governance through a series of statutes and laws. The primary legal document, known as the "Statutes of 1600," was ratified as a comprehensive framework to govern the republic. These statutes outlined San Marino’s commitment to independence, justice, and democratic values, principles that continue to guide the country’s governance today.

San Marino’s constitution has evolved through amendments and additional laws, but its core principles remain rooted in historical statutes. This legal continuity is seen as one of the reasons behind the country’s political stability and independence.

## Related pages

* Grand and General Council
* Captains Regent
* Politics of San Marino
# System

A **system** is a group of related things that work together as a whole. These things can be real or imaginary. Systems can be man-made things like a car engine or natural things like a star system. Systems can also be concepts made by people to organize ideas.

A **subsystem** is a system that is part of some larger system. For example, in computer networking, a disk subsystem is a part of a computer system.

## Definition

* A system is a group of things that connect and form some kind of coherent whole.

One of the founders of physiology, Claude Bernard, took a big step when he noticed that the internal systems of the body tend to keep things the same even if they are disturbed. He called the functions which keep system stable as homeostasis. This led towards the ideas of error-correction, feedback and regulation. These are all typical of systems which have some kind of goal and can adjust their behaviour so as to correct errors.

## Example

The Solar System is an example of a system. The Solar System includes the Sun and the eight planets, as well as the moons of those planets. These and other members are linked by gravity and by their history as a planetary system.

## Types of systems

There are many kinds of systems. The key is that the elements of a system work together as a whole whilst still keeping their own identity. This is why planetary systems and body systems are good examples. They work together but have their own separate identity.

* Systems in a living person, such as digestive system, nervous system, and so on. These systems operate so as to keep the body's physiology going within limits.
* Systems of life, such as life cycle, carbon cycle, or ecosystem
* Systems in science, such as the solar system
* Any mechanical or electrical gadgets where parts work together to keep the output within certain limits. A thermostat is the classic example of this.

## Related pages

* Systems theory
* Systems science
* Cybernetics
# Daniel Ortega

| His Excellency Daniel Ortega |
| --- |
| Ortega in 2024 |
|  |
| Co-president of Nicaragua |
| **Incumbent** |
| **Assumed office**  30 January 2025Serving with Rosario Murillo |
| 54th & 58th President of Nicaragua |
| **In office** 10 January 2007 – 30 January 2025 |
| Vice President | Jaime Morales Carazo (2007–2012) Omar Halleslevens (2012–2017) Rosario Murillo (2017–2025) |
| Preceded by | Enrique Bolaños |
| Succeeded by | Himself, Rosario Murillo (as Co-president) |
| **In office** 10 January 1985 – 25 April 1990 |
| Vice President | Sergio Ramírez |
| Preceded by | Himself (as Coordinator of the JNR) |
| Succeeded by | Violeta Chamorro |
| Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction |
| **In office** 18 July 1979 – 10 January 1985 |
| Preceded by | Francisco Urcuyo (as Acting President) |
| Succeeded by | Himself (as President) |
| First Gentleman of Nicaragua |
| **Current** |
| **Assumed role**  30 January 2025 |
| President | Rosario Murillo |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | José Daniel Ortega Saavedra  (1945-11-11) 11 November 1945 La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua |
| Political party | FSLN |
| Spouse(s) |
Rosario Murillo ​(m. 1979)​ |
| Children | 8, 7 with Rosario Murillo and 1 with Leticia Herrera |
| Relatives | Humberto Ortega (brother) Camilo Ortega (brother) Xiomara Blandino (daughter-in-law) |
| Awards | Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights |
| Signature |  |
| Military service |
| Allegiance |  Nicaragua |
| Branch/service | * FSLN
* Nicaraguan Army
 |
| Years of service | * 1963–1990
* 2007–present
 |
| Rank | * Major
* Commander-in-chief
 |
| Battles/wars | Nicaraguan Revolution |

**José Daniel Ortega Saavedra** (Spanish: [ðaˈnje̞l o̞rˈte̞ɣa]; born November 11, 1945) is a Nicaraguan politician. He has been President of Nicaragua since 2007. He also served as President of Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990. In 2025, he became Co-president of Nicaragua alongside his wife Rosario Murillo.

In November 2021, Daniel Ortega, was re-elected for a fourth five-year term with 75% of the vote, according to the first partial official results released by the Supreme Electoral Council.

## Other websites

 Media related to Daniel Ortega at Wikimedia Commons

* Office of the President Archived 2010-05-08 at the Wayback Machine