Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Calendar era

2026 in other calendars| Gregorian calendar | 2026 *MMXXVI* |
| Ab urbe condita | 2779 |
| Armenian calendar | 1475 ԹՎ ՌՆՀԵ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6776 |
| Bahá'í calendar | 182–183 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1947–1948 |
| Bengali calendar | 1433 |
| Berber calendar | 2976 |
| British Regnal year | 4 Cha. 3 – 5 Cha. 3 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2570 |
| Burmese calendar | 1388 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7534–7535 |
| Chinese calendar | 乙巳年 (Wood Snake) 4722 or 4662     *— to —* 丙午年 (Fire Horse) 4723 or 4663 |
| Coptic calendar | 1742–1743 |
| Discordian calendar | 3192 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 2018–2019 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5786–5787 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
|  - *Vikram Samvat* | 2082–2083 |
|  - *Shaka Samvat* | 1947–1948 |
|  - *Kali Yuga* | 5126–5127 |
| Holocene calendar | 12026 |
| Igbo calendar | 1026–1027 |
| Iranian calendar | 1404–1405 |
| Islamic calendar | 1447–1448 |
| Japanese calendar | Reiwa 8 (令和８年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1959–1960 |
| Juche calendar | 115 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 13 days |
| Korean calendar | 4359 |
| Minguo calendar | ROC 115 民國115年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 558 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2569 |
| Tibetan calendar | ཤིང་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ (female Wood-Snake) 2152 or 1771 or 999     *— to —* མེ་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Fire-Horse) 2153 or 1772 or 1000 |
| Unix time | 1767225600 – 1798761599 |

A **calendar era** is the **year numbering** system used by a calendar. The Gregorian calendar for example numbers its years in the Western Anno Domini system (the Coptic Orthodox and Ethiopian Orthodox churches have their own Christian eras). The instant, date, or year from which time is marked is called the *epoch* of the era. There are many different calendar eras such as Saka Era. The Hebrew calendar, Chinese calendar, and Islamic calendar all start from different epochs.

In ancient times, regnal years were counted from the year a new monarch took the throne. This makes ancient timelines very difficult to reconstruct, because they are based on separate and scattered king lists, such as the Sumerian King List and the Babylonian Canon of Kings. In East Asia, having era names based on ruling monarchs ended in the 20th century except for Japan, where they are still used.
# Nanyang, Henan

**Nanyang** (Chinese: 南阳) is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Henan province, China. In 2010, 10,263,660 lived there.

## Administration

Nanyang administers 2 districts, 1 county-level city and 10 counties.

* Wolong District (卧龙区)
* Wancheng District (宛城区)
* Dengzhou City (邓州市)
* Xinye County (新野县)
* Sheqi County (社旗县)
* Tanghe County (唐河县)
* Tongbai County (桐柏县)
* Fangcheng County (方城县)
* Nanzhao County (南召县)
* Zhenping County (镇平县)
* Neixiang County (内乡县)
* Xixia County (西峡县)
* Xichuan County (淅川县)

## Other websites

* Government website of Nanyang Archived 2007-02-26 at the Wayback Machine (in Simplified Chinese)
# Regent

Philippe, Duke of Orléans, Regent of France.
A **regent** is a position of government in a country where there is a monarchy (like a king or queen). As an "acting monarch" the regent does the job of a monarch where the real monarch is either too young, sick or cannot do what they are meant to for some other reason.

A regent may also be voted in if there are no heirs in line to the throne, for example, if the monarch that is ruling at the time dies with no living relatives.

## Related pages

* Regency era
# Yin Lihua

| Yin Lihua |
| --- |
|  |
| Born | 5 AD |
| Died | 64 (aged 58–59) |
| Spouse | Emperor Guangwu of Han |
| Issue | Emperor Ming of Han |

**Yin Lihua** (5 - 26 February 64 AD) was a ruler during the Eastern Han Dynasty. She was the second empress of Liu Xiu and was known for beauty and placability.
# Nagatsuki

| Nagatsuki |
| --- |
| Calendar | Japanese Lunisolar Calendar |
| Month number | 9 |
| Number of days | 29 or 30 |
| ← HazukiKannazuki → |

**Nagatsuki** (長月) also known as Kugatsu (9月, *lit: 9th month*) is the 9th month of the Japanese Lunisolar Calendar. Its name means the Long Month

## Dates of Nagatsuki

Dates of Nagatsuki| Year | Start | End | Number of Days |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 2008 | September 29 | October 28 | 30 days |
| 2009 | October 18 | November 16 | 30 days |
| 2010 | October 8 | November 5 | 29 days |
| 2011 | September 27 | October 26 | 30 days |
| 2012 | October 15 | November 13 | 30 days |
| 2013 | October 5 | November 2 | 29 days |
| 2014 | September 24 | October 23 | 30 days |
| 2014 (leap) | October 24 | November 21 | 29 days |
| 2015 | October 13 | November 11 | 30 days |
| 2016 | October 1 | October 30 | 30 days |
| 2017 | October 20 | November 17 | 29 days |
| 2018 | October 9 | November 7 | 30 days |
| 2019 | September 29 | October 27 | 29 days |
| 2020 | October 17 | November 14 | 29 days |
| 2021 | October 6 | November 4 | 30 days |
| 2022 | September 26 | October 24 | 29 days |
| 2023 | October 15 | November 12 | 29 days |
| 2024 | October 3 | October 31 | 29 days |
| 2025 | October 21 | November 19 | 30 days |
| 2026 | October 11 | November 8 | 29 days |
| 2027 | September 30 | October 28 | 29 days |
| 2028 | October 18 | November 15 | 29 days |
| 2029 | October 8 | November 5 | 29 days |
| 2030 | September 27 | October 26 | 30 days |
| 2031 | October 16 | November 14 | 30 days |

## Related pages

* Japanese Lunisolar Calendar
# Mojibake

This is what a website can look like if the wrong font encoding is used.
The Japanese Wikipedia article for Mojibake uses UTF-8 encoding. This screenshot shows what it looks like, when it is decoded using the standard Windows CP1252 encoding.
**Mojibake** (Japanese: 文字化け; ja, meaning 'character transformation') is the name for incorrect, unreadable characters shown when computer software fails to show text correctly. When using computers, text is encoded using a character encoding. In transfer, each character is replaced by its position (or number) in the encoding. To display the character again, the position is again replaced by the character. When the original encoding is not specified, a different character may be used when the number is again replaced with the character for display. Unicode was introduced to solve this problem: UTF-8 is able to encode most common characters in 2 bytes.

Before Unicode was introduced, other character encodings were used. As an example, ISO-8859 contains 15 different encodings. These are the same for the characters commonly used in English. They have several "blocks" of "special characters", which are filed differently for each encoding.

## Origin of the word

Mojibake is a Japanese word. The word 文字化け ([moʥibake]) is composed of two parts. 文字 (*moji*) means *letter*, *character*. 化け (*bake*), from the verb 化ける (*bakeru*), means *to appear in disguise, to take the form of, to change for the worse*. Literally, it means "character mutation".
# State of Vietnam

**State of Vietnam** was a former autonomous state controlled by France. It was established in 1949. It was an associated state and a constituent territory of the French Indochina until 1954. From 1954, it became fully independent from France since this country lost the First Indochina War. It was replaced by Republic of Vietnam in 1955. It proclaimed its sovereignty over all of Vietnam's territories, but in fact, it only controlled small parts of its proclaimed territories. Most of its territories was controlled by Viet Minh and Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Only French-occupied territories in Vietnam was controlled by the **State of Vietnam**. From 1954, the 1954 Geneva Accords divided Vietnam into two countries: North Vietnam and State of Vietnam. North Vietnam's territory is from Quang Binh Province to the North. The State of Vietnam's territory is from Quang Tri Province to the South. Its area was 173,809 km2 from 1954.

## History

**State of Vietnam** was established in 1949. It was preceded by the Provisional Central Government of Vietnam. It was established in 1948. In 1950, it was recognised by France, United Kingdom and United States with the capital of Saigon and the chief of state of Bao Dai. In 1954, France lost the First Indochina War. That led to the 1954 Geneva Accords. It divided Vietnam into two countries. State of Vietnam and France gathered their troops in Southern Vietnam. On 26 October, it was replaced by Republic of Vietnam.

## Military

Following the signing of the 1949 Élysée Accords in Paris, Bao Dai was able to create a National Army for defense purposes.

It fought under the State of Vietnam's banner and leadership and was commanded by General Nguyen Van Hinh.

## Related pages

* Empire of Vietnam
* Republic of Vietnam
# Tien-mu

**Tien-mu**, in Chinese mythology, is the goddess of lightning. She is also called *Dien Mu*, *Tian Mu* or *Dian Mu*. She is often confused with Leigong, the Chinese male deity of thunder.
# Door god

A door god
A **door god** is a painting pasted on a door. These were used by the Chinese as good luck. Door gods can be seen on temples - places of religion - and other buildings. There is a belief that door gods stop evil spirits from going into the building.

Door gods are often in pairs, one for each side of the door. The first door gods may have been made for a Chinese Emperor, more than 1300 years ago. They showed his two best soldiers.
# Jasmine tea

**Jasmine tea** (Chinese: 茉莉花茶; pinyin: *mòlìhuā chá* or Chinese: 香片; pinyin: *xiāng piàn*) is tea scented with the aroma of jasmine blossoms. Jasmine tea has green tea as the tea base; however, white tea and black tea are also used. The resulting flavour of jasmine tea is subtly sweet and highly fragrant.
# Go Seigen

Go Seigen
**Wu Qingyuan** (simplified Chinese: 吴清源; traditional Chinese: 吳清源; pinyin: *Wú Qīngyuán*; June 12, 1914 – November 30, 2014), also known as **Go Seigen**, was a Japanese Go player.

He was thought by many other Go players as one of the greatest Go players in its history. Seigen turned 100 in June 2014. Seigen was born in Fuzhou, Fujian, China.

Seigen died in Odawara, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan from natural causes, aged 100.
# Puyang

**Puyang** (濮阳) is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Henan province, China. It is on the northern shore of the Yellow River.

## Administration

Puyang administers 1 district and 5 counties.

* Hualong District (华龙区)
* Puyang County (濮阳县)
* Qingfeng County (清丰县)
* Nanle County (南乐县)
* Fan County (范县)
* Taiqian County (台前县)
# Fictional character

A **fictional character** is a person in a story (such as a novel, play, television series, or movie) The character can be completely made up or based on a real person. . A character who is based on more than one person is called a Composite character. Coming from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ, the English word dates from the Restoration, although it became widely used after its appearance in *Tom Jones* in 1749. From this, the sense of "a part played by an actor" developed. Character, mainly when played by an actor in the theatre or cinema, involves "the illusion of being a human person." In literature, characters guide readers through their stories, helping them to understand plots and ponder themes. Since the end of the 18th century, the phrase "in character" has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor. Since the 19th century, the art of creating characters, as practiced by actors or writers, has been called characterisation.

The word **character** can also mean "personality". We can say that someone has a "strong character" meaning a strong, confident personality. It is sometimes used as a noun in this sense: "He is a real character" (meaning someone you cannot easily forget).

A **character role** in a play means one of the people in the play who have a particular character (personality). They contrast with the main characters of the play. For example, a pair of lovers may be the main characters of the story. The character roles who help the story might be: a wicked stepmother, a kind nurse, an old wise man, a fool, a domestic worker who is very old, a "Mary Sue" who is virtually without flaws, and so forth. These may be archetypes.
# Live burial

Antoine Wertz - Precipitate burial (1854)
**Live burial** or **premature burial** is interred in a grave while still alive. Some cases of premature burial occurred because the technology to accurately determine death didn't exist so people were routinely wrongfully pronounced dead when in a coma or similar vegetative state. To guard against this, some cultures buried the dead with bells that could be rung if the person in the coffin was still alive, so they could be rescued. Live burial has also been used as a form of murder or execution. A related practice is immurement.
# Alcoholic drink

Some alcoholic drinks. From left to right: red wine, malt whisky, lager, sparkling wine, lager, cherry liqueur and red wine.
An **alcoholic drink** is a drink that contains 0.5% or more ethanol. In chemistry there is a whole class of substances known as alcohols.

## Overview

The alcohol used in alcoholic drinks is known as ethanol or *grain alcohol*. Grain alcohol is generally made through a process called fermentation. In fermentation, bacteria change sugar to make ethanol or vinegar. Other kinds of alcohol are usually harmful to drink, so the only kind of alcohol used in alcoholic drinks is grain alcohol.

### Usage

Since most people do not have to use any other kind of alcohol except ethanol, they will use the word "alcohol" to mean only ethanol. Sometimes people also use the word "alcohol" to talk about any drink containing ethanol, such as liquor, whiskey, vodka, or gin.

## Synthesis

Fermenting grain can only make a drink that is 20% alcohol. To get higher amounts of alcohol in drinks, distillation is used. This allows to get substances that are made of alcohol to about 80-85% (Certain kinds of Rum used for cooking are at 70–80% alcohol). When beverages are sold, the amount of alcohol is listed as alcoholic proof rather than percentage.

## Classes

Generally, alcoholic drinks are divided into three classes:

* Beers, meads and ciders (generally up to about 15% alcohol)
* Wines and sake (12–20% alcohol), and
* Spirits (20% alcohol or more, distilled alcohol)

Most countries limit the sale of the different kinds of alcohol. Usually there are two limits, one for wines and beers, and the other for distilled alcoholic drinks.

Alcopops are very sweet, and usually do not contain much alcohol (most have less than beer), but many governments make it illegal to buy them in certain places or at certain times because they have distilled alcohol mixed into them. They are controversial because some people think that they might be popular among young people.

## Effects

Drinking ethanol causes a person to feel relaxed. Ethanol is very commonly used, and has been made by humans for thousands of years. It is one of the oldest and most used recreational drug (drugs used for fun) in the world. People may overuse it for the same reason. The addiction to alcohol is called alcoholism.

### Danger

Alcoholic drinks can be dangerous. If a person drinks a lot of alcohol, they become intoxicated, meaning that they get drunk. People who are drunk may do or say strange or dangerous things and may not be able to control themselves.

The amount of alcohol that it takes to get somebody drunk is different from person to person. All alcohols are toxic, but ethanol is less toxic because the human body can break it down quickly. Some strong alcohols can also cause intoxication and impairment.

Long-term use can cause damage to various parts of the body, and significantly increases risk of developing cancer. Any amount of alcohol is bad for you.

## Gallery

* Greek Ouzo
* A typical cocktail

## Related pages

* Beer
* Cocktail
* Rum
* Tequila
* Vodka
* Wine
* Prohibition Era
# De jure

**De jure** is an expression from the Latin words meaning "in law".

It is often used in contrast to *de facto* (which means "in fact", or "in practice") when talking about law, governance, or technique. When talking about law, "*de jure*" is used to describe what the law says, and "*de facto*" is used to describe what actually happens.

## Examples

> Karabakh... is a de jure autonomous territory within Azerbaijan Republic, but is *de facto* independent of Azerbaijan as it was invaded by Russian and Armenian troops.
>
> — Karabakh

 This means that legally the territory of Abkhazia is a part of the country of Georgia, but that it is in effect independent.

The *de jure* name of Bill Clinton is William Jefferson Clinton. This is his name according to official records. His *de facto* name is Bill Clinton because this is what he is usually called.
# Shipbuilding

**Shipbuilding** refers to the manufacturing of ships. In the past many ships were built in places like Glasgow and Sunderland but in the 21st century this industry is not big in the United Kingdom and most ships are built in South Korea and China. Japan once built the most ships but is now in 3rd place.

## Related pages

* Boston Navy Yard
# 264

264 in other calendars| Gregorian calendar | 264 *CCLXIV* |
| Ab urbe condita | 1017 |
| Assyrian calendar | 5014 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 185–186 |
| Bengali calendar | −329 |
| Berber calendar | 1214 |
| Buddhist calendar | 808 |
| Burmese calendar | −374 |
| Byzantine calendar | 5772–5773 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸未年 (Water Goat) 2960 or 2900     *— to —* 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 2961 or 2901 |
| Coptic calendar | −20 – −19 |
| Discordian calendar | 1430 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 256–257 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4024–4025 |
| Hindu calendars |  |
|  - *Vikram Samvat* | 320–321 |
|  - *Shaka Samvat* | 185–186 |
|  - *Kali Yuga* | 3364–3365 |
| Holocene calendar | 10264 |
| Iranian calendar | 358 BP – 357 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 369 BH – 368 BH |
| Javanese calendar | 143–144 |
| Julian calendar | 264 *CCLXIV* |
| Korean calendar | 2597 |
| Minguo calendar | 1648 before ROC 民前1648年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −1204 |
| Seleucid era | 575/576 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 806–807 |
| Tibetan calendar | ཆུ་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Water-Sheep) 390 or 9 or −763     *— to —* ཤིང་ཕོ་སྤྲེ་ལོ་ (male Wood-Monkey) 391 or 10 or −762 |

Jiang Wei

**264** (**CCLXIV**) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.

## Events

### By place

#### Asia

* Jiang Wei tries to restore the Kingdom of Shu. He wants Zhong Hui to have a rebellion against Sima Zhao, ruler of Cao Wei.
* Sun Hao succeeds Sun Xiu as ruler of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu.

## Births

## Deaths

* Deng Ai, general of the Cao Wei
* Deng Zhong, general of Wei, son of famed general Deng Ai (b. 230)
* Jiang Wei, general of Shu Han, grand commander and strategist, and foster son of Zhuge Liang (b. 202)
* Liao Hua, general of Shu
* Sima Zhao, general of Wei, son of Sima Yi (b. 211)
* Sun Xiu, Emperor of Eastern Wu (b. 235)
* Zhang Bu, general of Wu
* Zhang Yi, general of Shu
* Zhong Hui, general of Wei (b. 225)
# Alchemy

**Alchemy** is the very old study and philosophy of how to change basic substances (such as metals) into other substances. It also studied how substances (and how they are changed into other substances) were related to magic and astrology. People who studied alchemy were called *alchemists*. Some things alchemists tried to do were change lead or mercury into gold, make the philosopher's stone, and make the "elixir of life," which they thought could cure (make better) any disease and make someone young again.

Alchemists believed that substances, mind, philosophies, religion, magic, and astrology were related to each other. They tried to find connections between them. They tried to understand one by understanding the other. Some alchemists used metals (like gold or silver) to represent spiritual or occult ideas. People in many different countries studied alchemy.

In the 1600s and 1700s, people started to study only the properties of substances without trying to relate them to secret, old knowledge. They did experiments and wrote down what they discovered so other people could learn from them. One of the important people who did these experiments was Robert Boyle. People called the new study of substances chemistry.

Scientists have since discovered how to change one kind of element (the simplest kind of chemical substance) into another. In 1980, an American scientist named Glenn Seaborg discovered how to change a very tiny amount of bismuth into gold with a nuclear reactor. Making gold this way is much more difficult and expensive (costs a lot of money) than mining or recycling it.
# Leader

A **leader** is somebody whom people follow. A leader has authority. For people to accept a leader, his or her leadership must therefore be legitimate.

Clinton with Nelson MandelaBecause people follow a leader, the leader can make people do things. A leader can therefore make people work together towards a common goal.

An example of a leader is the head of government of a country. People within the government *follow* the leader, and citizens look to the head of government for inspiration and guidance. Sometimes, when a head of government lacks legitimacy, people will stop following him or her. The head of government is therefore no longer able to lead properly. This may result in a new election, or in worst case civil war.

A group with no leader is called **leaderless**.

## Related page

* Charisma

## Other websites

* 'The Vision Thing': How Effective Leaders Cultivate and Co-ordinate Social Identity in Order to Promote Followership Archived 2008-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
* Leadership Qualities
# Stirrup

Stirrup
The **stirrup** is a ring with a flat bottom fixed on a leather strap, usually hung from each side of a saddle to create a footrest for the rider on a riding animal (usually a horse or a mule), suspended by an adjustable strap from the saddle for use as a support for the foot of a rider of a horse when seated in the saddle and as an aid in getting up.