Rikunarita-ORG/Wikinium huggingface dataset:
# Tubo

| Tubo (吐蕃、大蕃国)བོད་ཆེན་པོ། *Bod chen po*  |
| --- |
| 618–842 |
|

Flag of Tibet |
| Map of the Tibetan empire at its greatest extent between the 780s and the 790s |
| Capital | Lhasa |
| Common languages | Tibetan language |
| Religion  | Tibetan Buddhism, Bön |
| Government | Monarchy |
| *Tsenpo* (Emperor) |   |
|  |
| • 618–650  | Songtsen Gampo (first) |
| • 756–797  | Trisong Detsen |
| • 815–838  | Ralpacan |
| • 838–842  | Langdarma (last) |
|  |
| *Lönchen* (Chief Minister) |   |
|  |
| • 652–667  | Gar Tongtsen Yülsung |
| • 685–699  | Gar Trinring Tsendro |
| • 782?–783  | Nganlam Takdra Lukhong |
| • 783–796  | Nanam Shang Gyaltsen Lhanang |
|  |
| *Banchenpo* (Chief Monk) |   |
|  |
| • 798–?  | Nyang Tingngezin Sangpo (first) |
| • ?–838  | Dranga Palkye Yongten (last) |
|  |
| History |   |
|  |
| • Founded by Emperor Songtsen Gampo  | 618 |
| • Death of Langdarma  | 842 |
|  |
| Area |
| 800 est. | 4,600,000 km2 (1,800,000 sq mi) |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| **Preceded by** | **Succeeded by** |
|

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
|  | Zhangzhung |

 |

|  |  |
| --- | --- |
| Era of Fragmentation |  |
| Guiyi Circuit |  |
| Qocho |  |

 |

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| Today part of | China India Nepal Pakistan |

**Tubo** (Chinese: 吐蕃;, Tibetan: བོད་ཆེན་པོ, bod chen po), also called the **Tibetan Empire**, existed from the 7th to 9th centuries. Its first king was Songtsen Gampo. Its second king was Mangsong Mangzan. It controlled the Tibetan Plateau as well as parts of Central Asia and South Asia. They came after the Zhangzhung people, who practiced the Bon religion. The Tibetan empire combined Buddhism with the native Bon religion, and created Tibetan Buddhism. Gampo also helped invent the Tibetan alphabet during this time.
# Liao dynasty

The **Liao dynasty**, also called **Khitan empire**, was an empire in Asia. It was formed by the Yelü clan of the Khitan people after the fall of the Tang Dynasty. They ruled from 907 AD to about 1125. The first ruler was Yelü Abaoji, Khan of the Khitan peoples. It was originally called the "Qidan Kingdom" until about 947. Its capital was the present day Bairin Left Banner in Inner Mongolia. Its territory included parts of Northern China, middle Mongolia, and Tianjin and
Hebei to the south.

## Emperors

1. Liao Taizu (907–926)
2. Liao Taizong (926–947)
3. Liao Shizong (947–951)
4. Liao Muzong (951–969)
5. Liao Jingzong (969–982)
6. Liao Shengzong (983–1031)
7. Liao Xingzong (1031–1055)
8. Liao Daozong (1055–1101)
9. Tianzuo Di (1101–1125)

## Other websites

* Mongolian history and culture - Khitan empire
# Jin dynasty (1115–1234)

The **Jin dynasty** (1115–1234) is also known as the **Jurchen dynasty**, and as the **Great Jin**. It was one of the last dynasties before Mongol invasion (and eventual conquest) of China.

The dynasty was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchens. These were the ancestors of the Manchu, who established the Qing dynasty some 500 years later. The Jin Dynasty was founded in northern Manchuria, The founder was Wanyan Aguda (完顏阿骨打).

The name of this dynasty is sometimes written as *Jinn* to differentiate it from an earlier Jin dynasty (265-420) of China whose name is spelt identically in the Roman alphabet.

The History of Jin recorded that Tangkuo Dingge (唐括定哥), Consort Gui (貴妃) was a Jurchen woman. She was first married to the Jurchen Jin royal Wanyan Wudai (完顏烏帶. She had an affair with her Han Chinese slave, Yan Qi'er (閻乞兒) and with Wanyan Liang (Prince Hailing). When Wanyan Liang became emperor of the Jin dynasty he forced Dingge to have her husband Wanyan Wudai killed by her other slaves, Ge Wen (葛溫) and Ge Lu (葛魯) and he promised that she would be named empress. Wanyan Liang broke his promise after he got bored of her when she entered the harem. Dingge then smuggled Yan Qi'er into the palace through a trunk after first smuggling a trunk full of her clothes as a dummy and then reprimanded him for looking at her clothes so he wouldn't look when Yan Qi'er was smuggled in next. Dingge and Yan Qi'er had sex until a Jurchen maid, Guige (貴哥) told on them to the emperor and Dingge was strangled and Yan Qi'er was beheaded.

|  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Preceded by Liao dynasty |  **Dynasties in Chinese history** 1115-1234 | Succeeded by Mongol Empire |
# Li Zicheng

Li Zicheng
**Li Zicheng** (22 September 1606 – 1645), born **Li Hongji**, nicknamed "**Dashing King**"or "**Chuang King**", Li was a Chinese Uprising leader. He was born in Mizhi County, Yulin, Shaanxi in the late Ming Dynasty.

In 1644, he entered and conquered Beijing.He enthroned in Beijing and became the Emperor of the Shun Dynasty.His dynasty didn't last a long time. In May 27 the same year, Manchu regent Dorgon defeated Uprising leader Li Zicheng of the Shun Dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer Beijing. Li died in 1645, aged 39.
# Sun Yat-sen

| Sun Yat-sen |
| --- |
| 孫逸仙 |
|  |
| Born | Sun Wen (孫文) (1866-11-12)November 12, 1866  Cuiheng, Guangdong, Qing China |
| Died | November 12, 1925(1925-11-12) (aged 59) Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, Republic of China |
| Resting place | Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum |
| Nationality |  China |
| Other names | * Sun Zhongshan (孫中山)
* Sun Deming (孫德明)
 |
| Alma mater | Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese |
| Notable work | Three Principles of the People

---

 |
| Title | **President of China** |
| Term | 1 January 1912 – 10 March 1912 |
| Predecessor | *Office established* |
| Successor | Yuan Shikai

---

 |
| Political party | Nationalist Party of China |
| Movement | Tongmenghui |
| Spouse | Soong Ching-ling
 ​(before 1925)​ |

**Sun Wen**, **Sun Zhongshan** or **Sun Yat-sen** (12 November 1866 – 12 March 1925) was born in China and was a Chinese political leader. On his 8th attempt while living in Maui Sun helped overthrow the Qing Dynasty in October 1911 during the Xinhai Revolution. This was the last imperial dynasty of China. He is often called as *Father of the Nation*.

He was president when the Republic of China was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang. Sun remains revered in both mainland China and Taiwan. A massive portrait of Sun continues to appear in Tiananmen Square for May Day and National Day.

## Early years

Sun Yat-sen was born on 12 November 1866 to Sun Dacheng and Madame Yang in Cuiheng, Xiangshan County (now Zhongshan City), Guangdong.He had a cultural background of Hakka (with roots in Zijin, Heyuan, Guangdong) and Cantonese. His father owned very few lands and worked as a tailor in Macau, and as a journeyman and a porter. After finishing primary education, he moved to Honolulu in the Kingdom of Hawaii, where he lived a comfortable life of modest wealth supported by his elder brother Sun Mei.

## Death

Sun Yat-Sen died of adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder at the age of 58 in 1925. After his death in Beijing, his body was shown at a temple in the Fragrant Hills.
# Zhou Enlai

*This is a Chinese name; the family name is* Zhou*.*

| Zhou Enlai |
| --- |
| 周恩来 |
|  |
|  |
| 3rd First Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China |
| **In office** 30 August 1973 – 8 January 1976 |
| Chairman | Mao Zedong |
| Preceded by | Lin Biao (1971) |
| Succeeded by | Hua Guofeng |
| Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China |
| **In office** 28 September 1956 – 1 August 1966 |
| Chairman | Mao Zedong |
| 1st Premier of the People's Republic of China |
| **In office** 1 October 1949 – 8 January 1976 |
| President | Mao Zedong (until 1959) Liu Shaoqi (until 1968) vacant and abolished |
| Leader | Mao Zedong (Chairman of the Communist Party of China) |
| 1st vice-premier | Dong Biwu Chen Yun Lin Biao Deng Xiaoping |
| Succeeded by | Hua Guofeng |
| 1st Foreign Minister of the People's Republic of China |
| **In office** 1 October 1949 – 11 February 1958 |
| Premier | Himself |
| Preceded by | None |
| Succeeded by | Chen Yi |
|  |
| Personal details |
| Born | (1898-03-05)5 March 1898 Huai'an, Jiangsu, Qing China |
| Died | 8 January 1976(1976-01-08) (aged 77) Beijing, People's Republic of China |
| Political party | Communist Party of China |
| Spouse(s) |
Deng Yingchao ​(m. 1925⁠–⁠1976)​ |
| Children | Sun Weishi, Wang Shu (both adopted) |
| Alma mater | Nankai University |
| Occupation | Politician Strategist Revolutionary Diplomat |
| Signature |  |
| Military service |
| Battles/wars | * Eastern Expeditions
* Nanchang Uprising
* Encirclement Campaigns
* Second Sino-Japanese War
* Chinese Civil War
 |

**Zhou Enlai** (pinyin: *Zhōu Ēnlái*; 5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976) was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China. He served from October 1949 until his death in January 1976. Zhou served under Mao Zedong and was an important leader in the Communist Party of China.

A skilled and able diplomat, Zhou served as the Chinese foreign minister from 1949 to 1958. He believed in getting along with Western countries after the Korean War. He participated in the 1954 Geneva Conference and helped organize Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China. He helped make policies regarding the disagreements with the U.S., Taiwan, the Soviet Union (after 1960), India and Vietnam. Zhou is best known as the long-time top aide to Mao Zedong. His specialty was foreign policy. Mao and Zhou's different personalities made them an effective team, according to Henry Kissinger, the American diplomat who dealt with both men